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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a correct description of myelin?
Which of the following is a correct description of myelin?
- A protein found in muscle cells
- A lipid-rich intermittent covering over the axons of some neurons (correct)
- A type of sugar molecule
- A neurotransmitter in the brain
What is the function of afferent neurons?
What is the function of afferent neurons?
- In the direction toward the brain or spinal cord (correct)
- A type of sensory receptor
- A type of muscle movement
- In the direction away from the brain or spinal cord
What happens during depolarization of a neuron?
What happens during depolarization of a neuron?
- To change the color of a substance
- To increase the electrical resistance of a neuron
- To make something colder
- To change the charge across the cell membrane of a neuron by the flow of Na+ into the cell (correct)
What is the function of efferent neurons?
What is the function of efferent neurons?
What is the resting membrane potential?
What is the resting membrane potential?
Which of the following best describes an action potential?
Which of the following best describes an action potential?
What does it mean to depolarize a neuron?
What does it mean to depolarize a neuron?
What is a reflex?
What is a reflex?
Which of the following best describes depolarization of a neuron?
Which of the following best describes depolarization of a neuron?
What is the function of a synapse?
What is the function of a synapse?
Which of the following best describes repolarization of a neuron?
Which of the following best describes repolarization of a neuron?
What is dynamic equilibrium?
What is dynamic equilibrium?
What is the role of K+ channels in repolarization?
What is the role of K+ channels in repolarization?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Gastr-'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Gastr-'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Megal-'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Megal-'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Trans-'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Trans-'?
Which term refers to the stomach?
Which term refers to the stomach?
Which term means 'through'?
Which term means 'through'?
Which term means 'dry'?
Which term means 'dry'?
Which term refers to the intestines, usually the small intestines?
Which term refers to the intestines, usually the small intestines?
Which term means 'slow'?
Which term means 'slow'?
Which term means 'enlarged'?
Which term means 'enlarged'?
What is a nociceptor?
What is a nociceptor?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Static equilibrium'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Static equilibrium'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Nociceptor'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Nociceptor'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Olfactory'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Olfactory'?
Which of the following best describes gustation?
Which of the following best describes gustation?
Which of the following best describes static equilibrium?
Which of the following best describes static equilibrium?
What is the function of nociceptors?
What is the function of nociceptors?
Which sense is associated with the term 'olfactory'?
Which sense is associated with the term 'olfactory'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Nociceptor'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Nociceptor'?
What is the function of a synapse?
What is the function of a synapse?
What is the role of K+ channels in repolarization?
What is the role of K+ channels in repolarization?
Which of the following best describes a nociceptor?
Which of the following best describes a nociceptor?
What is the function of a receptive field?
What is the function of a receptive field?
What does refraction refer to?
What does refraction refer to?
Study Notes
Myelin and Neurons
- Myelin is a fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers, enhancing the speed of electrical signal transmission along axons.
- Afferent neurons transmit sensory information from receptors to the central nervous system (CNS).
- During depolarization, a neuron’s membrane potential becomes less negative, leading to an influx of sodium ions (Na+).
- Efferent neurons carry signals from the CNS to muscles or glands, facilitating action and response.
- Resting membrane potential refers to the voltage across a neuron’s membrane when it is not firing, typically around -70 mV.
- An action potential is a rapid, temporary change in membrane potential, resulting in a nerve impulse.
Neurophysiology Concepts
- To depolarize a neuron means to reduce its membrane potential, moving it closer to the threshold for firing an action potential.
- A reflex is an involuntary response to a stimulus, processed through a reflex arc involving sensory and motor neurons.
- Depolarization of a neuron is characterized by a significant change in the electrical charge from negative to positive within the cell.
- Synapses are junctions between neurons where neurotransmitter release facilitates communication and signal transmission.
- Repolarization of a neuron returns the membrane potential back to a negative value after the action potential peaks.
Physiological Terms
- Dynamic equilibrium refers to the state of balance between competing processes in the body, often related to sensory inputs.
- Potassium (K+) channels play a critical role in repolarization by allowing K+ ions to exit the neuron, restoring the resting potential.
- The term 'Gastr-' pertains to the stomach.
- 'Megal-' refers to an increase or enlargement in size.
- 'Trans-' means 'through' or 'across'.
- The term for the intestines, particularly the small intestines, is 'enteric'.
- The term for 'slow' is 'brady-'.
- 'Dry' is indicated by the prefix 'xer-'.
Sensory Receptors and Sense Functions
- A nociceptor is a sensory receptor that detects pain and noxious stimuli.
- Static equilibrium describes the body's maintenance of balance when stationary.
- Olfactory refers to the sense of smell, involving the detection of odor molecules.
- Gustation is the sense of taste, involving the perception of flavors.
- Nociceptors function to alert the body to potential harm by signaling painful sensations.
- A receptive field is the specific area that a sensory neuron monitors, responding to stimuli within that region.
- Refraction refers to the bending of light as it passes through different mediums, important for vision and perception.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key terms related to the nervous system with this quiz! From myelin to action potential to afferent, challenge yourself to find the correct definitions for these important concepts.
