The Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a correct description of myelin?

  • A protein found in muscle cells
  • A lipid-rich intermittent covering over the axons of some neurons (correct)
  • A type of sugar molecule
  • A neurotransmitter in the brain

    • What is the function of afferent neurons?

  • In the direction toward the brain or spinal cord (correct)
  • A type of sensory receptor
  • A type of muscle movement
  • In the direction away from the brain or spinal cord

    • What happens during depolarization of a neuron?

  • To change the color of a substance
  • To increase the electrical resistance of a neuron
  • To make something colder
  • To change the charge across the cell membrane of a neuron by the flow of Na+ into the cell (correct)

    • What is the function of efferent neurons?

    <p>In the direction away from the brain or spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resting membrane potential?

    <p>A difference in charge across the cell membrane of a neuron created by the presence of many large negative ions inside the cell and many positive sodium ions outside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an action potential?

    <p>The flow of electricity along an axon of a neuron in one direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to depolarize a neuron?

    <p>To change the charge across the cell membrane of a neuron by the flow of Na+ into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reflex?

    <p>An involuntary, predictable motor response to a stimulus without conscious thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes depolarization of a neuron?

    <p>To change the charge across the cell membrane of a neuron by the flow of Na+ into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a synapse?

    <p>Junction formed by the neuron’s synaptic knob with another cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes repolarization of a neuron?

    <p>To change the charge across the cell membrane of a neuron by the opening of K+ channels to allow the flow of K+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dynamic equilibrium?

    <p>Equilibrium perceived when the head is stationary or moving in a straight line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of K+ channels in repolarization?

    <p>To allow the flow of potassium ions (K+) out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'Gastr-'?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'Megal-'?

    <p>Enlarged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'Trans-'?

    <p>Through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the stomach?

    <p>Gastr-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term means 'through'?

    <p>Trans-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term means 'dry'?

    <p>Xer-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the intestines, usually the small intestines?

    <p>Enter-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term means 'slow'?

    <p>Brady-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term means 'enlarged'?

    <p>Megal-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nociceptor?

    <p>A pain receptor that detects tissue injury or potential tissue injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'Static equilibrium'?

    <p>Equilibrium perceived when the head is stationary or moving in a straight line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'Nociceptor'?

    <p>A pain receptor that detects tissue injury or potential tissue injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'Olfactory'?

    <p>Pertaining to the sense of smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes gustation?

    <p>The sense of taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes static equilibrium?

    <p>Equilibrium perceived when the head is stationary or moving in a straight line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nociceptors?

    <p>A pain receptor that detects tissue injury or potential tissue injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sense is associated with the term 'olfactory'?

    <p>Pertaining to the sense of smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'Nociceptor'?

    <p>A pain receptor that detects tissue injury or potential tissue injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a synapse?

    <p>To transmit electrical signals between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of K+ channels in repolarization?

    <p>To restore the resting membrane potential of a neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a nociceptor?

    <p>A pain receptor that detects tissue injury or potential tissue injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a receptive field?

    <p>An area in which a single neuron is responsible for detecting a stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does refraction refer to?

    <p>The bending of light as it passes through materials of different densities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Myelin and Neurons

    • Myelin is a fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers, enhancing the speed of electrical signal transmission along axons.
    • Afferent neurons transmit sensory information from receptors to the central nervous system (CNS).
    • During depolarization, a neuron’s membrane potential becomes less negative, leading to an influx of sodium ions (Na+).
    • Efferent neurons carry signals from the CNS to muscles or glands, facilitating action and response.
    • Resting membrane potential refers to the voltage across a neuron’s membrane when it is not firing, typically around -70 mV.
    • An action potential is a rapid, temporary change in membrane potential, resulting in a nerve impulse.

    Neurophysiology Concepts

    • To depolarize a neuron means to reduce its membrane potential, moving it closer to the threshold for firing an action potential.
    • A reflex is an involuntary response to a stimulus, processed through a reflex arc involving sensory and motor neurons.
    • Depolarization of a neuron is characterized by a significant change in the electrical charge from negative to positive within the cell.
    • Synapses are junctions between neurons where neurotransmitter release facilitates communication and signal transmission.
    • Repolarization of a neuron returns the membrane potential back to a negative value after the action potential peaks.

    Physiological Terms

    • Dynamic equilibrium refers to the state of balance between competing processes in the body, often related to sensory inputs.
    • Potassium (K+) channels play a critical role in repolarization by allowing K+ ions to exit the neuron, restoring the resting potential.
    • The term 'Gastr-' pertains to the stomach.
    • 'Megal-' refers to an increase or enlargement in size.
    • 'Trans-' means 'through' or 'across'.
    • The term for the intestines, particularly the small intestines, is 'enteric'.
    • The term for 'slow' is 'brady-'.
    • 'Dry' is indicated by the prefix 'xer-'.

    Sensory Receptors and Sense Functions

    • A nociceptor is a sensory receptor that detects pain and noxious stimuli.
    • Static equilibrium describes the body's maintenance of balance when stationary.
    • Olfactory refers to the sense of smell, involving the detection of odor molecules.
    • Gustation is the sense of taste, involving the perception of flavors.
    • Nociceptors function to alert the body to potential harm by signaling painful sensations.
    • A receptive field is the specific area that a sensory neuron monitors, responding to stimuli within that region.
    • Refraction refers to the bending of light as it passes through different mediums, important for vision and perception.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key terms related to the nervous system with this quiz! From myelin to action potential to afferent, challenge yourself to find the correct definitions for these important concepts.

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