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Questions and Answers
Information is sent from the dendrites to the _____, where an action potential may be generated.
Information is sent from the dendrites to the _____, where an action potential may be generated.
axon hillock
Each part of a neuron carries out a specific function, just as different types of neurons are responsible for specific actions. In the following choices, which paring of neuron structure is paired with a type of neuron that carries out a similar function?
Each part of a neuron carries out a specific function, just as different types of neurons are responsible for specific actions. In the following choices, which paring of neuron structure is paired with a type of neuron that carries out a similar function?
- dendrites and afferent neurons (correct)
- dendrites and efferent neurons
- axons and interneurons
- cell body (soma) and efferent neurons
A selectively permeable plasma membrane
A selectively permeable plasma membrane
- permits the free passage of some materials but restricts passage of others. (correct)
- prohibits entry of all materials into the cell at certain times.
- allows materials to enter or leave the cell only using active processes.
- permits only water-soluble materials to enter or leave the cell freely.
Neurons can be classified based on structural differences.
Neurons can be classified based on structural differences.
What is the term for the process by which a cell engulfs large particles or even whole cells by wrapping them in its membrane?
What is the term for the process by which a cell engulfs large particles or even whole cells by wrapping them in its membrane?
What is the primary function of a synapse?
What is the primary function of a synapse?
What role do receptors play in the functioning of a synapse?
What role do receptors play in the functioning of a synapse?
Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds the axons of many neurons, forming a protective layer known as the _____. This structure increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction through a process called _____.
Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds the axons of many neurons, forming a protective layer known as the _____. This structure increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction through a process called _____.
What primarily causes the falling phase of an action potential?
What primarily causes the falling phase of an action potential?
During the falling phase, the membrane potential of a neuron becomes more _____.
During the falling phase, the membrane potential of a neuron becomes more _____.
What role does potassium play in the falling phase of an action potential?
What role does potassium play in the falling phase of an action potential?
Membrane equilibrium can be influenced by the permeability of the membrane to specific ions.
Membrane equilibrium can be influenced by the permeability of the membrane to specific ions.
The human body maintains a constant temperature as part of its homeostatic processes.
The human body maintains a constant temperature as part of its homeostatic processes.
Homeostasis can only be maintained in a specific range and cannot adapt to changes in the environment.
Homeostasis can only be maintained in a specific range and cannot adapt to changes in the environment.
While propagating down the axon, an action potential's amplitude will
While propagating down the axon, an action potential's amplitude will
Place the following events of the action potential in the correct order.
- Voltage-gated Na+ channels open, and Na+ flows in
- Voltage-gated K+ channels close, membrane potential returns to rest
- Membrane is depolarized to threshold
- Voltage-gated Na+ channels close
- Voltage-gated K+ channels open, membrane rapidly repolarizes
- Membrane rapidly depolarizes
Place the following events of the action potential in the correct order.
- Voltage-gated Na+ channels open, and Na+ flows in
- Voltage-gated K+ channels close, membrane potential returns to rest
- Membrane is depolarized to threshold
- Voltage-gated Na+ channels close
- Voltage-gated K+ channels open, membrane rapidly repolarizes
- Membrane rapidly depolarizes
Why is communication between cells so important for proper function of the multicellular organism?
Why is communication between cells so important for proper function of the multicellular organism?
The resting membrane potential is a measure of charge difference across the unstimulated cell membrane. This charge difference can exist because
The resting membrane potential is a measure of charge difference across the unstimulated cell membrane. This charge difference can exist because
Which type of signaling involves chemical messengers working on other cells in the immediate neighborhood of secretory cell?
Which type of signaling involves chemical messengers working on other cells in the immediate neighborhood of secretory cell?
Which of the following is true about receptors?
Which of the following is true about receptors?
Down-regulation and up-regulation of the receptors are both examples of a common theme in physiology known as
Down-regulation and up-regulation of the receptors are both examples of a common theme in physiology known as
A cell at rest will be more likely to lose K+ than gain Na+ because the membrane has
A cell at rest will be more likely to lose K+ than gain Na+ because the membrane has
Movement of ions through channels occurs as a result of gradients. If left alone, these gradients would eventually run down (i.e., reach equilibrium). How do active transporters (pumps) like the Na+/K+ ATPase maintain the gradients?
Movement of ions through channels occurs as a result of gradients. If left alone, these gradients would eventually run down (i.e., reach equilibrium). How do active transporters (pumps) like the Na+/K+ ATPase maintain the gradients?
A neuronal process that carries electrical signals, usually graded potentials, toward the cell body.
A neuronal process that carries electrical signals, usually graded potentials, toward the cell body.
Flashcards
Axon Hillock
Axon Hillock
The location along the axon where the action potential is generated.
Afferent Neuron
Afferent Neuron
A neuron that carries signals from the periphery to the central nervous system.
Selectively Permeable Membrane
Selectively Permeable Membrane
Permits some substances to cross more easily than others.
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
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Function of a Synapse
Function of a Synapse
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Receptor Role in Synapse
Receptor Role in Synapse
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Myelin Sheath
Myelin Sheath
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Falling Phase Cause
Falling Phase Cause
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Falling Phase Potential
Falling Phase Potential
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Potassium's Role
Potassium's Role
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Study Notes
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Information goes from the dendrites to the axon hillock for action potential generation.
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Neuron parts and neuron types have functional parallels.
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A selectively permeable plasma membrane allows some materials to pass freely but restricts others.
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Neurons can be classified based on structural differences.
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Phagocytosis is the process where a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells by wrapping them in its membrane.
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Synapses primarily transmit signals between neurons.
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Receptors bind neurotransmitters and initiate a response in the postsynaptic neuron.
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Myelin is a fatty substance forming a protective layer around many neuron axons.
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This structure increases nerve impulse conduction speed.
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The falling phase of an action potential primarily happens due to inhibition of sodium channels and the opening of potassium channels.
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During the falling phase, the membrane potential of a neuron becomes more negative.
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Potassium exits the cell, helping to repolarize the membrane during the falling phase of an action potential.
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Membrane equilibrium is influenced by the permeability of the membrane to specific ions.
-
The human body maintains a constant temperature as part of its homeostatic processes.
-
Homeostasis can be maintained in a specific range and can adapt to changes in the environment.
-
During propagation down the axon, an action potential's amplitude remains constant.
-
Events of the action potential in the correct order:
- Membrane is depolarized to threshold
- Voltage-gated Na+ channels open, and Na+ flows in
- Membrane rapidly depolarizes
- Voltage-gated Na+ channels close
- Voltage-gated K+ channels open, membrane rapidly repolarizes
- Voltage-gated K+ channels close, membrane potential returns to rest
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Communication between cells is crucial for multicellular organisms because:
- Cells are specialized
- Cells must coordinate the timing and intensity of functions
- Cells depend on signals from other parts of the body for a response
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The resting membrane potential is a measure of charge difference across the unstimulated cell membrane, and exists because:
- The membrane has channels that are conductors
- The membrane contains lipid components, which act as insulators
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Paracrine signaling involves chemical messengers working on other cells nearby a secretory cell.
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Regarding receptors: all receptors are proteins.
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Down-regulation and up-regulation of receptors exemplify tonic control in physiology.
- A resting cell is likelier to lose K+ than gain Na+ due to having more K+ leak channels.
- Active transporters like Na+/K+ ATPase maintain gradients by pumping ions across the membrane, therefore maintaining electrical and concentration gradients.
- A dendrite is a neuronal process that carries electrical signals, typically graded potentials, towards the cell body.
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