Neuroscience: Neuron Function and Activity

<p>Up to 360 km/h (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It rapidly depolarizes to +40 millivolts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To receive and transmit electrochemical signals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synaptic vesicles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act as chemical messengers between neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate the transmission of neural impulses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dendrites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurotransmitters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmits electrical impulses to the terminal buttons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All neurons connect to muscles for movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain and spinal cord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatic nervous system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prepare the body for fight or flight (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controls day-to-day operations of the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The division of labor between the two hemispheres (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows automatic reflexes without brain input. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It consists of interconnected neurons and glia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow for quick reactions during survival situations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitating communication between neurons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reuptake helps to clear excess neurotransmitters from the synapse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetylcholine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agonist (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parkinson’s disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They store neurotransmitters until they are released (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serotonin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It inhibits the normal action of a neurotransmitter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It connects the left and right hemispheres. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left hemisphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory relay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parietal lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inability for one hemisphere to communicate with the other (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pituitary gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Planning and coordinating movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing sensory information from the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comprehending spoken language (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limbic system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty producing speech (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process and relay sensory information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occipital lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing dopamine and controlling movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement control issues, such as those seen in Parkinson’s disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A neuron that transmits messages from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord.

A neuron that transmits messages from the brain or spinal cord to muscles and glands.

The electrical potential when a neural impulse is conducted along a neuron's axon.

A neuron's electrical potential when not responding to other neurons; typically around -70 mV.

The idea that a neural impulse is always the same strength when an action potential is triggered.

A system of nerves controlling thought, heartbeat, and other body functions.

A specialized cell that transmits electrochemical signals in the nervous system.

Branch-like extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons.

The long fiber of a neuron that transmits signals to other neurons.

Bulb-like structures at the end of an axon that release neurotransmitters.

The space between the terminal button of one neuron and the dendrite of another.

Fatty substance that insulates axons, speeding up signal transmission.

Chemical messengers released at the synapse, affecting the next neuron.

The small gap between neurons at a synapse.

The process of reabsorbing neurotransmitters.

Neurotransmitter involved in muscle action and memory.

Neurotransmitter that affects mood, sleep, and learning.

Drug that strengthens neurotransmitter effects.

Drug that blocks neurotransmitter effects.

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Connects the CNS to the rest of the body, consisting of somatic and autonomic systems.

Controls voluntary actions; carries messages to and from the CNS to skeletal muscles.

Controls involuntary actions; regulates internal organs and glands.

Prepares the body for stressful situations; 'fight or flight' response .

Calms the body after stress; 'rest and digest' response.

Complex organ containing billions of neurons and glia, responsible for higher level functions.

Connects the brain to the body; controls reflexes.

Connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, allowing communication between them.

Controls the right side of the body, and is more active in logical analysis, language, and mathematical computation.

Controls the left side of the body, and excels in visual-spatial functions, facial recognition, and emotional understanding.

A surgical procedure that severs the corpus callosum to reduce severe epilepsy.

Largest part of brain, responsible for higher-level processes, sensory relay, homeostasis, and the endocrine system.

Outermost layer of the brain associated with consciousness, thought, emotion, reasoning, language, and memory.

Involved in planning, organization, judgment, attention, reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language.

Processes sensory and perceptual information, including the somatosensory cortex.

The brain region responsible for processing sensory information from the body, including touch, temperature, and pain.

A lobe in the brain involved in hearing, memory, emotion, and language processing.

The area in the temporal lobe specifically responsible for processing sound.

A region in the temporal lobe crucial for speech comprehension.

A region in the frontal lobe critical for speech production.

The lobe in the brain responsible for visual processing.

A relay center in the brain that directs sensory information (except smell) to other parts of the brain.

A group of brain structures responsible for emotion, motivation, and memory.