The Making of the National Movement 1870-1947

Study Notes

The Making of the National Movement 1870-1947

The National Movement, also known as the National Indian Congress, was a political organization formed in Kolkata in the late 19th century to work for the emancipation of the Indian people from the British rule. It was the first political movement in Indian history to unite people from all regions and backgrounds, including the British community. The movement aimed to create a united India through non-violent means, and it continued its course until 1947, when India finally gained independence.

Origins and Leadership

The National Movement was initiated by Swami Vivekananda, who was a prominent figure in the Bengal Renaissance. He played a significant role in the foundation of the Ramakrishna Mission, a spiritual organization that emphasized spirituality and social service. Another key figure in the movement was Lala Lajpat Rai, who was known as the "Lion of Punjab". He was one of the leaders of the Swadeshi movement, which aimed to promote Indian goods and boycott foreign goods. Lala Lajpat Rai was also a proponent of revolutionary violence and was involved in the founding of the Ghadar Party, which sought to overthrow British rule in India through armed revolution.

Key Events and Developments

The National Movement underwent several key events and developments during its existence. One of the most significant was the partition of Bengal in 1905, which sparked widespread protests and demonstrations across India. The partition was a deliberate attempt by the British to weaken the Indian nationalist movement, but it had the opposite effect, uniting Indians from different regions and backgrounds in a common cause.

The National Movement also saw the emergence of several key leaders, including Mahatma Gandhi, who led the Indian independence movement with nonviolent civil disobedience. Gandhi's approach, known as Satyagraha, involved peaceful protests, strikes, and civil disobedience to achieve political and social justice. The movement also saw the formation of the Indian National Congress, which became the primary platform for Indian nationalism.

Impact and Legacy

The National Movement had a profound impact on the course of Indian history. It laid the foundation for Indian independence and instilled a sense of national pride and unity among Indians. The movement also inspired similar movements in other parts of the world, including the civil rights movement in the United States.

Despite its success, the National Movement also faced several challenges, including opposition from the British colonial authorities, who used repressive measures to suppress the movement. The movement also faced internal divisions and conflicts, particularly between those who favored nonviolent means and those who advocated for revolutionary violence.

In conclusion, the National Movement played a crucial role in the struggle for Indian independence and left a lasting impact on the country's political and social landscape. Its legacy continues to influence Indian politics and society even today.

Description

Test your knowledge about the National Movement in India during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Learn about its origins, key leaders, significant events, and the impact it had on Indian history and society.