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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?
What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?
Which structure connects the ovaries to the uterus?
Which structure connects the ovaries to the uterus?
What is contained primarily in the medulla of the ovaries?
What is contained primarily in the medulla of the ovaries?
At what stage of meiosis do primary oocytes remain until puberty?
At what stage of meiosis do primary oocytes remain until puberty?
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How many chromosomes does a primary oocyte contain?
How many chromosomes does a primary oocyte contain?
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What is the process of oocyte development referred to as?
What is the process of oocyte development referred to as?
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How many primordial follicles are typically present at birth?
How many primordial follicles are typically present at birth?
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What transformation occurs as a primordial follicle develops into a primary follicle?
What transformation occurs as a primordial follicle develops into a primary follicle?
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What hormone do theca cells produce as a precursor to sex hormones?
What hormone do theca cells produce as a precursor to sex hormones?
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What forms within a graafian follicle that assists in nourishing the primary oocyte?
What forms within a graafian follicle that assists in nourishing the primary oocyte?
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Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by follicular development?
Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by follicular development?
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What is the primary type of cell that surrounds the primary oocyte in secondary follicles?
What is the primary type of cell that surrounds the primary oocyte in secondary follicles?
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How long does the second stage of follicular development typically take?
How long does the second stage of follicular development typically take?
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Which hormone is continuously secreted by the hypothalamus before puberty?
Which hormone is continuously secreted by the hypothalamus before puberty?
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Which cells utilize the enzyme aromatase to convert hormones?
Which cells utilize the enzyme aromatase to convert hormones?
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What marks the separation between the follicular phase and the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
What marks the separation between the follicular phase and the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
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What occurs during ovulation?
What occurs during ovulation?
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During which phase of the menstrual cycle is progesterone the dominant hormone?
During which phase of the menstrual cycle is progesterone the dominant hormone?
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How does the hypothalamus influence the production of FSH and LH during puberty?
How does the hypothalamus influence the production of FSH and LH during puberty?
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What is the role of luteinized granulosa cells after ovulation?
What is the role of luteinized granulosa cells after ovulation?
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What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?
What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?
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What role do granulosa cells play in the menstrual cycle?
What role do granulosa cells play in the menstrual cycle?
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What triggers the secretion of inhibin by luteinized granulosa cells?
What triggers the secretion of inhibin by luteinized granulosa cells?
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What is the effect of estrogen during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
What is the effect of estrogen during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
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What condition must be met for the dominant follicle to trigger a surge in FSH and LH?
What condition must be met for the dominant follicle to trigger a surge in FSH and LH?
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Where does the secondary oocyte travel immediately after ovulation?
Where does the secondary oocyte travel immediately after ovulation?
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What is the fate of the corpus luteum after approximately 10 days if fertilization has not occurred?
What is the fate of the corpus luteum after approximately 10 days if fertilization has not occurred?
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What happens to the follicles that do not become the dominant follicle?
What happens to the follicles that do not become the dominant follicle?
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What is 17β-estradiol primarily produced from?
What is 17β-estradiol primarily produced from?
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What initiates the completion of meiosis 1 in the primary oocyte?
What initiates the completion of meiosis 1 in the primary oocyte?
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Which hormone is primarily responsible for making theca cells produce androstenedione?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for making theca cells produce androstenedione?
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Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by fast-growing graafian follicles entering development?
Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by fast-growing graafian follicles entering development?
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What is the primary location where fertilization occurs?
What is the primary location where fertilization occurs?
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Which layer of the uterus is responsible for contractions during childbirth?
Which layer of the uterus is responsible for contractions during childbirth?
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What happens to the endometrium if fertilization does not occur?
What happens to the endometrium if fertilization does not occur?
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Which region of the uterus is located just below the openings of the fallopian tubes?
Which region of the uterus is located just below the openings of the fallopian tubes?
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What is the purpose of the mucus plugs in the cervix?
What is the purpose of the mucus plugs in the cervix?
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Which of the following ligaments supports the uterus laterally?
Which of the following ligaments supports the uterus laterally?
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During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium thicken in preparation for potential fertilization?
During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium thicken in preparation for potential fertilization?
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Which layer of the uterus is continuous with the lining of the peritoneal cavity?
Which layer of the uterus is continuous with the lining of the peritoneal cavity?
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What is the primary function of the vagina during childbirth?
What is the primary function of the vagina during childbirth?
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Which of the following structures makes up the external sex organs?
Which of the following structures makes up the external sex organs?
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What can cause the hymen to break?
What can cause the hymen to break?
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What is the role of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?
What is the role of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?
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What is the function of the clitoral hood?
What is the function of the clitoral hood?
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Study Notes
The Female Reproductive System
- The female reproductive system comprises internal and external organs for reproduction
- Internal organs include ovaries (female gonads), fallopian tubes, uterus, and cervix
- The cervix connects the uterus to the vagina
- External sex organs are in the vulva region, including labia, clitoris, and mons pubis
- Ovaries are walnut-sized, held in place by ligaments (broad, ovarian, suspensory)
- The suspensory ligament is crucial for ovarian blood supply (arteries, veins, and nerve plexus)
- Ovaries have cortex (outer layer with follicles) and medulla (inner layer with blood vessels, nerves)
- At birth, the ovarian cortex contains about two million primordial follicles
- Each primordial follicle holds a primary oocyte surrounded by follicular cells
- Primary oocytes have 46 chromosomes
- Oocyte development, tied to follicular development, occurs in three stages
- Stage 1 (infancy to puberty): Primary oocyte remains in prophase 1 of meiosis
- Stage 2 (puberty onwards, usually during menstrual cycle): Primary follicle develops into secondary and finally graafian follicles
- Graafian follicles have antrum (cavity with fluid) and layers of granulosa and theca cells
- Theca cells make androstenedione.
- Granulosa cells convert androstenedione to estradiol and progesterone
- Follicular phase spans typically 70-85 days
- Stage 3 (follicular phase of menstrual cycle): Mature follicles are ready for ovulation
- Menstrual cycle (average 28 days): Follicular phase (first half) and luteal phase (second half)
- Ovulation (day 14): Rupture of mature follicle, releasing secondary oocyte (with 23 chromosomes) for potential fertilization
- Follicular phase controlled by hypothalamus (GnRH) and pituitary (FSH, LH).
- Luteal phase: Remaining follicle becomes corpus luteum, secreting progesterone
- If fertilization occurs, corpus luteum persists, producing progesterone to support pregnancy
- If no fertilization, corpus luteum breaks down into corpus albicans
- Secondary oocyte travels through fallopian tube (fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus) for potential fertilization
- The fallopian tubes funnel the released gamete into the uterus.
- Uterus has three layers (perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium)
- The endometrium thickens in preparation for possible pregnancy.
- If no pregnancy, it sheds (menstruation)
- The vagina is a muscular tube that connects the uterus to the external environment.
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy of the female reproductive system, including both internal and external organs. You'll explore the functions of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and cervix, as well as the significance of the ovarian ligaments and follicles. Test your knowledge about the development stages of oocytes and their chromosomal composition.
