The Epidemiology of Histoplasmosis
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Questions and Answers

Where is Histoplasma capsulatum most commonly found?

  • In the soil of the Midwest and southeast USA (correct)
  • In the plants of the Midwest and southeast USA
  • In the air of the Midwest and southeast USA
  • In the water of the Midwest and southeast USA
  • What form does Histoplasma capsulatum take within the lung?

  • Viral form
  • Yeast form (correct)
  • Mycelial form
  • Bacterial form
  • What is a common symptom of Histoplasma capsulatum infection?

  • Fever (correct)
  • Nausea
  • Dizziness
  • Headache
  • What can be seen in a CXR of a patient with Histoplasma capsulatum infection?

    <p>Single or multiple nodules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is activated by Histoplasma capsulatum infection?

    <p>T-cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Histoplasma capsulatum?

    <p>Inhalation of spores from contaminated soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following populations is at a higher risk for Histoplasma capsulatum infection?

    <p>Pigeon fanciers and cavers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disease manifestations are commonly associated with Histoplasma capsulatum infection?

    <p>Highly variable, can be asymptomatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature seen in CXR of a patient with Histoplasma capsulatum infection?

    <p>Multiple nodules which may calcify in a 'target lesion' pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is activated in response to Histoplasma capsulatum infection?

    <p>T-cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes an Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)?

    <p>Acute thrombus formation in a ruptured or eroded atheromatous coronary artery plaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ischaemia is associated with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)?

    <p>Extensive ischaemia with a degree of cardiomyocyte necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mainstay of treatment for patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)?

    <p>Primary angioplasty or fibrinolytic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur less frequently and without cell loss in myocardial ischaemia?

    <p>Unstable angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has the introduction of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin measurements resulted in?

    <p>Increase in the detection of MI and decrease in the diagnosis of unstable angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of sudden total occlusion of a major vessel in the heart?

    <p>Acute ST elevation myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with less extensive ischaemia in the heart?

    <p>Incomplete occlusion or a good collateral blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)?

    <p>Acute thrombus formation in a ruptured or eroded atheromatous coronary artery plaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can occur without cell loss in myocardial ischaemia?

    <p>Unstable angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has the introduction of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin measurements led to?

    <p>Increase in the detection of MI and decrease in the diagnosis of unstable angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

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