The Digestive System Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of ingestion in the digestive system?

  • Taking in food (correct)
  • Breaking down food into nutrients
  • Elimination of indigestible waste
  • Movement of nutrients into the bloodstream
  • What does the process of absorption involve in the digestive system?

  • Breaking down food into nutrients
  • Elimination of indigestible waste
  • Movement of nutrients into the bloodstream (correct)
  • Taking in food
  • What is the role of defecation in the digestive system?

  • Movement of nutrients into the bloodstream
  • Elimination of indigestible waste (correct)
  • Taking in food
  • Breaking down food into nutrients
  • Which organs are part of the accessory digestive organs?

    <p>Teeth and tongue B-D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the alimentary canal in the digestive system?

    <p>Ingest, digest, absorb, and defecate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the alimentary canal start?

    <p>Mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is not part of the alimentary canal?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Through which organ does food pass after leaving the stomach?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the anterior roof of the mouth (oral cavity)?

    <p>Hard palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lips (labia) in the mouth?

    <p>Protect the anterior opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms the posterior roof of the mouth (oral cavity)?

    <p>Soft palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the lateral walls of the mouth (oral cavity)?

    <p>Cheeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lips (labia) in the mouth?

    <p>Protect the anterior opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms a fleshy projection of the soft palate?

    <p>Uvula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the space between the lips externally and teeth and gums internally called?

    <p>Vestibule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the tongue attached in the mouth?

    <p>Hyoid bone and styloid processes of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area is contained by the teeth in the mouth?

    <p>Oral cavity proper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the lingual tonsils located?

    <p>At the base of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the palatine tonsils?

    <p>At the posterior end of the oral cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the lingual tonsils located?

    <p>At the base of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the lateral walls of the mouth (oral cavity)?

    <p>Cheeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the tonsils in the mouth?

    <p>To help fight infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tongue in the mouth?

    <p>Mixes masticated food with saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mastication in the mouth?

    <p>Chewing of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are taste buds primarily located for taste sensation?

    <p>On the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does food pass from the mouth posteriorly into?

    <p>Oropharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region below the oropharynx and continuous with the esophagus called?

    <p>Laryngopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pharynx is located posterior to the oral cavity?

    <p>Oropharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pharynx in the digestive system?

    <p>Serving as a passageway for food, fluids, and air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is food propelled to the esophagus from the pharynx?

    <p>Alternating contractions of the muscle layers (peristalsis) propel the food Longitudinal inner layer Circular outer layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle layers in the pharynx propel food to the esophagus?

    <p>Longitudinal inner layer and circular outer layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the esophagus in the digestive system?

    <p>Conducts food to the stomach by peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the esophagus (Passageway for food only) (respiratory system branches off after the pharynx) run from and to?

    <p>From pharynx to stomach through the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which the esophagus conducts food to the stomach?

    <p>Peristalsis (slow rhythmic squeezing)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of tissue in the alimentary canal organs is the innermost?

    <p>Mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of tissue in the alimentary canal organs is responsible for providing a protective outer covering?

    <p>Serosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of tissue in the alimentary canal organs contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves?

    <p>Submucosa 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the alimentary canal organs, which layer is located closest to the inner part of the canal?

    <p>Mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer in the alimentary canal organs is responsible for providing structural support and elasticity?

    <p>Muscularis externa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the alimentary canal organs is the outermost layer providing protection and anchoring the organs to surrounding structures?

    <p>Serosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innermost layer of tissue in the alimentary canal organs?

    <p>Mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue primarily lines the surface epithelium of the mucosa in the alimentary canal organs?

    <p>Simple columnar tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lamina propria in the mucosa of the alimentary canal organs?

    <p>Supporting connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue primarily lines the surface epithelium of the mucosa in the alimentary canal organs?

    <p>Simple columnar tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of tissue in the alimentary canal organs contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves?

    <p>Submucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innermost layer of tissue in the alimentary canal organs called?

    <p>Mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does food enter the stomach from?

    <p>Cardioesophageal sphincter from the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the stomach in the abdominal cavity?

    <p>Left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does food empty into from the stomach?

    <p>Small intestine at the pyloric sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the cardial part of the stomach located?

    <p>Near the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the stomach is the expanded portion lateral to the cardiac region?

    <p>Fundus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the stomach forms the funnel-shaped terminal end?

    <p>Pylorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capacity of the stomach when it is full?

    <p>4 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are rugae in the stomach?

    <p>Folds of the mucosa present when the stomach is empty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the greater curvature of the stomach located?

    <p>Convex lateral surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the lesser curvature of the stomach located?

    <p>Concave medial surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On which surface of the stomach is the greater curvature found?

    <p>Convex lateral surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the shape of the greater curvature of the stomach? Convex and concave are the external regions.

    <p>Convex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the greater omentum in the stomach?

    <p>Insulates, cushions, and protects abdominal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the oblique layer in the muscularis externa of the stomach?

    <p>Helps to churn, mix, and pummel the food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the lesser omentum attached in relation to the stomach?

    <p>Attaches the liver to the lesser curvature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the greater omentum attached in relation to the stomach?

    <p>To the posterior body wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the oblique layer in the muscularis externa of the stomach?

    <p>To churn, mix, and pummel the food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lymph follicles in the stomach?

    <p>Contain macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the stomach?

    <p>Delivers chyme (processed food) to the small intestine ( all the above)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the chemical breakdown of protein begin?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the stomach deliver to the small intestine?

    <p>Chyme (processed food)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the stomach mucosa?

    <p>Simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the gastric glands in the stomach secrete?

    <p>Gastric juice containing intrinsic factor and mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of intrinsic factor in the stomach?

    <p>Aids in vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do chief cells in the stomach produce?

    <p>Protein-digesting enzymes (pepsinogens)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product of parietal cells in the stomach?

    <p>Hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mucous neck cells in the stomach?

    <p>Produce thin acidic mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine?

    <p>Produce a hormone called gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the mesentery in relation to the small intestine?

    <p>Suspend the small intestine from the posterior abdominal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the small intestine extend from and to?

    <p>Pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone produced by enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine?

    <p>Gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does fat emulsification begin in the digestive system?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the liver in the digestive system?

    <p>Produce bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small intestine?

    <p>Absorption of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the small intestine in a living person?

    <p>2–4 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is considered the body's major digestive organ?

    <p>Small Intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the jejunum attach to?

    <p>Duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that the ileum meets before the large intestine?

    <p>Jejunum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the small intestine is attached to the stomach and curves around the head of the pancreas?

    <p>Duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does segmentation primarily occur in the digestive system?

    <p>Small intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are enzymes produced for chemical digestion in the small intestine?

    <p>Intestinal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do pancreatic enzymes reach the duodenum?

    <p>Via pancreatic ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is bile formed and how does it enter the duodenum?

    <p>Formed by the liver, enters via the bile duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do pancreatic ducts carry enzymes?

    <p>To the duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does bile enter the duodenum?

    <p>Via the bile duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many kilocalories per gram does fat provide?

    <p>9kcal/g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three structural modifications that increase surface area for food absorption in the small intestine?

    <p>Microvilli, Villi, Circular folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural modification of the small intestine forms fingerlike projections and houses a capillary bed and lacteal?

    <p>Villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the tiny projections of the plasma membrane in the small intestine that create a brush border appearance?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the large intestine?

    <p>1.5 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the large intestine is a subdivision?

    <p>Cecum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the terminal end of the large intestine?

    <p>Anal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the appendix in the large intestine?

    <p>It is an accumulation of lymphoid tissue that can become inflamed (appendicitis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the appendix hang from in the large intestine?

    <p>Cecum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cecum in the large intestine?

    <p>The saclike first part of the large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the sigmoid colon located?

    <p>S-shaped region; enters the pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the large intestine travels down the left side of the abdomen?

    <p>Descending colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the large intestine is located in the pelvis?

    <p>Sigmoid colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary muscle type forming the external anal sphincter?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are the anal sphincters normally closed?

    <p>During defecation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the large intestine deliver undigestible food residues?

    <p>To the body’s exterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle forms the external anal sphincter?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are the internal and external anal sphincters normally closed?

    <p>During defecation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the large intestine deliver undigestible food residues?

    <p>To the body's exterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle forms the external anal sphincter?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are the anal sphincters normally closed?

    <p>Except during defecation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the large intestine deliver undigestible food residues?

    <p>To the body’s exterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the anal canal end?

    <p>At the anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the internal anal sphincter?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the opening of the large intestine called?

    <p>Anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is not part of the accessory digestive organs?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver?

    <p>Gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aids in the mechanical breakdown of food in the mouth?

    <p>Teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sets of teeth do humans have during a lifetime?

    <p>2 sets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do wisdom teeth typically appear if they do emerge?

    <p>Between ages 17 and 25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many teeth does a full set of permanent teeth consist of?

    <p>32 teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sets of teeth do humans have during a lifetime?

    <p>Two sets: deciduous and permanent teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do permanent teeth start to replace deciduous teeth?

    <p>Between 6 and 12 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many teeth does a baby have by age 2?

    <p>20 teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of incisors?

    <p>Cutting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of canines (eyeteeth)?

    <p>Tearing or piercing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of premolars (bicuspids)?

    <p>Grinding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major regions of a tooth?

    <p>Crown and Root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the crown of a tooth located?

    <p>Above the gum line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the root of a tooth?

    <p>Anchors the tooth in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the dentin found in a tooth?

    <p>Deep to the enamel and forms the bulk of the tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pulp cavity of a tooth contain?

    <p>Connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the root canal of a tooth extend into?

    <p>The root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pancreas in the digestive system?

    <p>Produces a wide spectrum of digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the alkaline fluid introduced with enzymes from the pancreas?

    <p>Neutralizes acidic chyme from the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones are produced by the pancreas?

    <p>Insulin and Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the liver located in the body?

    <p>Right side under the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the liver connected to the gallbladder?

    <p>Via the common hepatic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What suspends the four lobes of the liver from the diaphragm and abdominal wall?

    <p>Falciform ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of bile pigments in the liver?

    <p>Bilirubin from the breakdown of hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Through which duct does bile leave the liver?

    <p>Common bile duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of bile?

    <p>Yellow-green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is bile produced in the body?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Through which duct does bile leave the liver?

    <p>Common hepatic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substances are found in bile?

    <p>Cholesterol, phospholipids, and electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is bile introduced into the duodenum from during digestion of fatty food?

    <p>Gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes blockages in the gallbladder?

    <p>Crystallized cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is bile stored when no digestion is occurring?

    <p>Gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bile in the liver?

    <p>Emulsify fats by physically breaking large fat globules into smaller ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does fat emulsification primarily begin in the digestive system?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of bile production in the body?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bile?

    <p>Emulsify fats by physically breaking large fat globules into smaller ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does bile work on fats?

    <p>Emulsifies fats by physically breaking large fat globules into smaller ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of bile in digestion?

    <p>Aid in the emulsification of fats for digestion and absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bile in the digestive system?

    <p>Emulsify fats by physically breaking large fat globules into smaller ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of peristalsis in the digestive system?

    <p>Alternating waves of contraction and relaxation that squeezes food along the GI tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the digestive system?

    <p>Digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bile in the digestive system?

    <p>Emulsify fats by physically breaking large fat globules into smaller ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process involving the movement of materials back and forth to foster mixing in the small intestine?

    <p>Segmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the alternating waves of contraction and relaxation that squeezes food along the GI tract?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mechanical digestion in the digestive system?

    <p>Preparing food for further degradation by enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major food group is broken down to monosaccharides (simple sugars) during digestion?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during digestion in the digestive system?

    <p>Enzymes chemically break down large molecules into their building blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process prepares food for further degradation by enzymes in the digestive system?

    <p>Mixing of food in the mouth by the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major food group is broken down to monosaccharides (simple sugars) during digestion?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when enzymes chemically break down large molecules into their building blocks in the digestive system?

    <p>Digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are proteins broken down to during digestion?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major food group is broken down to fatty acids and glycerol?

    <p>Fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do carbohydrates break down to during digestion?

    <p>Monosaccharides (simple sugars)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the end products of digestion?

    <p>They are absorbed in the blood or lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the elimination of indigestible substances from the GI tract occur?

    <p>In the form of feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the end products of digestion enter the blood or lymph capillaries?

    <p>They must enter mucosal cells and then into blood or lymph capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the end products of digestion absorbed?

    <p>In the blood or lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of eliminating indigestible substances from the GI tract in the form of feces called?

    <p>Defecation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where must food enter before being absorbed into the blood or lymph capillaries?

    <p>Mucosal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What begins the process of starch digestion in the mouth?

    <p>Salivary amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does food absorption primarily occur in the digestive system?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stimulus triggers the release of saliva in the mouth?

    <p>Psychic stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pharynx and esophagus in the digestive system?

    <p>Serve as passageways to the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of swallowing involves the mouth and the tongue?

    <p>Buccal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main activity involved in food propulsion in the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus?

    <p>Swallowing and peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two phases of swallowing?

    <p>Buccal phase and Pharyngeal-esophageal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pharynx?

    <p>Swallowing (deglutition)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the pharynx function in the process of swallowing?

    <p>In the buccal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pharyngeal-esophageal phase in the digestive system?

    <p>Involuntary transport of the bolus by peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism involved in food propulsion during the pharyngeal-esophageal phase?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the nasal and respiratory passageways during the pharyngeal-esophageal phase of digestion?

    <p>They are blocked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most dietary carbohydrates derived from?

    <p>Fruits and vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the exceptions to dietary carbohydrates being derived from plants?

    <p>Lactose from milk and small amounts of glycogens from meats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are dietary carbohydrates primarily composed of?

    <p>Sugars and starches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From where are most dietary carbohydrates derived?

    <p>Fruits and vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an exception to dietary carbohydrates being derived from plants?

    <p>Lactose from milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are dietary carbohydrates primarily composed of?

    <p>Sugars and starches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source provides unsaturated fats?

    <p>Nuts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are saturated fats primarily obtained from?

    <p>Animal products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food source contains cholesterol?

    <p>Egg yolk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food source contains complete proteins?

    <p>Eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are essential amino acids?

    <p>Amino acids that must be obtained through diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food source contains incomplete proteins?

    <p>Beans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most vitamins found?

    <p>Fruits and vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are most vitamins used as in the body?

    <p>Coenzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food group is a primary source of vitamins?

    <p>Fruits and vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is important for making hemoglobin?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main dietary sources of minerals?

    <p>Vegetables and legumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is important for building bone and blood clotting?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is metabolism?

    <p>All of the chemical reactions necessary to maintain life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during catabolism?

    <p>Substances are broken down to simpler substances; energy is released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anabolism?

    <p>Larger molecules are built from smaller ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the body's preferred source to produce cellular energy (ATP)?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major breakdown product of carbohydrate digestion?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is used as a fuel to make ATP?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During cellular respiration, what is formed as glucose is oxidized?

    <p>Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the oxidation of glucose in cellular respiration?

    <p>Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the end products of glucose oxidation in cellular respiration?

    <p>Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed as glucose is oxidized in cellular respiration?

    <p>Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the products of glucose oxidation in cellular respiration?

    <p>Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the oxidation of glucose in cellular respiration?

    <p>Formation of carbon dioxide, water, and ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does glycolysis occur?

    <p>Cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the Krebs cycle take place?

    <p>Mitochondrion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are hydrogen atoms split into hydrogen ions and electrons during cellular respiration?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

    <p>Mitochondrion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glycolysis?

    <p>Energize glucose for splitting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to hydrogen atoms in the Electron transport chain?

    <p>They are split into hydrogen ions and electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to excess glucose in the body?

    <p>It is stored in body cells as glycogen or converted to fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What processes occur to restore normal blood glucose levels during hypoglycemia?

    <p>Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fat breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition characterized by excessively high levels of glucose in the blood?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common condition associated with excessive fat breakdown?

    <p>Acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When carbohydrates are in limited supply, what happens to fat metabolism to produce ATP?

    <p>More fats are oxidized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common situation where fruity odor in the breath is observed?

    <p>Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes blood to become acidic in the context of excessive fat breakdown?

    <p>Limited supply of carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common condition associated with excessive fat breakdown and acidic blood?

    <p>Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom commonly associated with excessive fat breakdown?

    <p>Breath with a fruity odor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the liver cells in protein metabolism?

    <p>Detoxifying ammonia by combining it with carbon dioxide to form urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are amino acids oxidized to form ATP in protein metabolism?

    <p>Mainly when other fuel sources are not available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ammonia released during the catabolism of amino acids in protein metabolism?

    <p>It is detoxified by liver cells that combine it with carbon dioxide to form urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process where glucose molecules are converted to glycogen and stored in the liver?

    <p>Glycogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the release of glucose from the liver after conversion from glycogen?

    <p>Glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process where glucose is produced from fats and proteins?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in cholesterol transport?

    <p>Transport cholesterol to body cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) in cholesterol transport?

    <p>Transport cholesterol from body cells to the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) considered 'bad lipoproteins'?

    <p>They can lead to atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is energy intake in the context of food oxidation?

    <p>The energy liberated during food oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the energy stored in the body?

    <p>As glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process responsible for energy output as heat?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can interference with the body’s energy balance lead to?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of interference with the body’s energy balance?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can result from interference with the body’s energy balance?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy value measured in?

    <p>Kilocalories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average BMR for an average 70-kg adult?

    <p>60 to 72 kcal/hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many kilocalories does fats yield per gram?

    <p>9 kcal/gram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for energy value?

    <p>Calorie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) for an average 70-kg adult?

    <p>100 to 120 kcal/hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much energy does fats yield per gram?

    <p>9 kcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy value measured in?

    <p>Kilocalorie (kcal)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) for an average 70-kg adult?

    <p>60 to 72 kcal/hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much energy does fats yield per gram?

    <p>9 kcal/gram</p> Signup and view all the answers

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