The Digestive System Functions Quiz
257 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the function of ingestion in the digestive system?

  • Taking in food (correct)
  • Breaking down food into nutrients
  • Elimination of indigestible waste
  • Movement of nutrients into the bloodstream

What does the process of absorption involve in the digestive system?

  • Breaking down food into nutrients
  • Elimination of indigestible waste
  • Movement of nutrients into the bloodstream (correct)
  • Taking in food

What is the role of defecation in the digestive system?

  • Movement of nutrients into the bloodstream
  • Elimination of indigestible waste (correct)
  • Taking in food
  • Breaking down food into nutrients

Which organs are part of the accessory digestive organs?

<p>Teeth and tongue B-D (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alimentary canal in the digestive system?

<p>Ingest, digest, absorb, and defecate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the alimentary canal start?

<p>Mouth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is not part of the alimentary canal?

<p>Liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Through which organ does food pass after leaving the stomach?

<p>Small intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the anterior roof of the mouth (oral cavity)?

<p>Hard palate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lips (labia) in the mouth?

<p>Protect the anterior opening (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms the posterior roof of the mouth (oral cavity)?

<p>Soft palate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the lateral walls of the mouth (oral cavity)?

<p>Cheeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lips (labia) in the mouth?

<p>Protect the anterior opening (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms a fleshy projection of the soft palate?

<p>Uvula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the space between the lips externally and teeth and gums internally called?

<p>Vestibule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the tongue attached in the mouth?

<p>Hyoid bone and styloid processes of the skull (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area is contained by the teeth in the mouth?

<p>Oral cavity proper (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the lingual tonsils located?

<p>At the base of the tongue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the palatine tonsils?

<p>At the posterior end of the oral cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the lingual tonsils located?

<p>At the base of the tongue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the lateral walls of the mouth (oral cavity)?

<p>Cheeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tonsils in the mouth?

<p>To help fight infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tongue in the mouth?

<p>Mixes masticated food with saliva (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mastication in the mouth?

<p>Chewing of food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are taste buds primarily located for taste sensation?

<p>On the tongue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does food pass from the mouth posteriorly into?

<p>Oropharynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the region below the oropharynx and continuous with the esophagus called?

<p>Laryngopharynx (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pharynx is located posterior to the oral cavity?

<p>Oropharynx (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pharynx in the digestive system?

<p>Serving as a passageway for food, fluids, and air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is food propelled to the esophagus from the pharynx?

<p>Alternating contractions of the muscle layers (peristalsis) propel the food Longitudinal inner layer Circular outer layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle layers in the pharynx propel food to the esophagus?

<p>Longitudinal inner layer and circular outer layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the esophagus in the digestive system?

<p>Conducts food to the stomach by peristalsis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the esophagus (Passageway for food only) (respiratory system branches off after the pharynx) run from and to?

<p>From pharynx to stomach through the diaphragm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which the esophagus conducts food to the stomach?

<p>Peristalsis (slow rhythmic squeezing) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of tissue in the alimentary canal organs is the innermost?

<p>Mucosa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of tissue in the alimentary canal organs is responsible for providing a protective outer covering?

<p>Serosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of tissue in the alimentary canal organs contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves?

<p>Submucosa 2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the alimentary canal organs, which layer is located closest to the inner part of the canal?

<p>Mucosa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer in the alimentary canal organs is responsible for providing structural support and elasticity?

<p>Muscularis externa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the alimentary canal organs is the outermost layer providing protection and anchoring the organs to surrounding structures?

<p>Serosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innermost layer of tissue in the alimentary canal organs?

<p>Mucosa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue primarily lines the surface epithelium of the mucosa in the alimentary canal organs?

<p>Simple columnar tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lamina propria in the mucosa of the alimentary canal organs?

<p>Supporting connective tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue primarily lines the surface epithelium of the mucosa in the alimentary canal organs?

<p>Simple columnar tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of tissue in the alimentary canal organs contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves?

<p>Submucosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innermost layer of tissue in the alimentary canal organs called?

<p>Mucosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does food enter the stomach from?

<p>Cardioesophageal sphincter from the esophagus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the stomach in the abdominal cavity?

<p>Left side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does food empty into from the stomach?

<p>Small intestine at the pyloric sphincter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the cardial part of the stomach located?

<p>Near the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stomach is the expanded portion lateral to the cardiac region?

<p>Fundus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stomach forms the funnel-shaped terminal end?

<p>Pylorus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity of the stomach when it is full?

<p>4 liters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are rugae in the stomach?

<p>Folds of the mucosa present when the stomach is empty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the greater curvature of the stomach located?

<p>Convex lateral surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the lesser curvature of the stomach located?

<p>Concave medial surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

On which surface of the stomach is the greater curvature found?

<p>Convex lateral surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the shape of the greater curvature of the stomach? Convex and concave are the external regions.

<p>Convex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the greater omentum in the stomach?

<p>Insulates, cushions, and protects abdominal organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the oblique layer in the muscularis externa of the stomach?

<p>Helps to churn, mix, and pummel the food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the lesser omentum attached in relation to the stomach?

<p>Attaches the liver to the lesser curvature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the greater omentum attached in relation to the stomach?

<p>To the posterior body wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the oblique layer in the muscularis externa of the stomach?

<p>To churn, mix, and pummel the food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lymph follicles in the stomach?

<p>Contain macrophages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach?

<p>Delivers chyme (processed food) to the small intestine ( all the above) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the chemical breakdown of protein begin?

<p>Stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the stomach deliver to the small intestine?

<p>Chyme (processed food) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the stomach mucosa?

<p>Simple columnar epithelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the gastric glands in the stomach secrete?

<p>Gastric juice containing intrinsic factor and mucus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of intrinsic factor in the stomach?

<p>Aids in vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do chief cells in the stomach produce?

<p>Protein-digesting enzymes (pepsinogens) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product of parietal cells in the stomach?

<p>Hydrochloric acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mucous neck cells in the stomach?

<p>Produce thin acidic mucus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine?

<p>Produce a hormone called gastrin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mesentery in relation to the small intestine?

<p>Suspend the small intestine from the posterior abdominal wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the small intestine extend from and to?

<p>Pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hormone produced by enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine?

<p>Gastrin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does fat emulsification begin in the digestive system?

<p>Small intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver in the digestive system?

<p>Produce bile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

<p>Absorption of nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of the small intestine in a living person?

<p>2–4 meters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is considered the body's major digestive organ?

<p>Small Intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the jejunum attach to?

<p>Duodenum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that the ileum meets before the large intestine?

<p>Jejunum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the small intestine is attached to the stomach and curves around the head of the pancreas?

<p>Duodenum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does segmentation primarily occur in the digestive system?

<p>Small intestines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are enzymes produced for chemical digestion in the small intestine?

<p>Intestinal cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do pancreatic enzymes reach the duodenum?

<p>Via pancreatic ducts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is bile formed and how does it enter the duodenum?

<p>Formed by the liver, enters via the bile duct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do pancreatic ducts carry enzymes?

<p>To the duodenum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does bile enter the duodenum?

<p>Via the bile duct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many kilocalories per gram does fat provide?

<p>9kcal/g (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three structural modifications that increase surface area for food absorption in the small intestine?

<p>Microvilli, Villi, Circular folds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structural modification of the small intestine forms fingerlike projections and houses a capillary bed and lacteal?

<p>Villi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the tiny projections of the plasma membrane in the small intestine that create a brush border appearance?

<p>Microvilli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of the large intestine?

<p>1.5 meters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the large intestine is a subdivision?

<p>Cecum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the terminal end of the large intestine?

<p>Anal canal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the appendix in the large intestine?

<p>It is an accumulation of lymphoid tissue that can become inflamed (appendicitis) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the appendix hang from in the large intestine?

<p>Cecum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cecum in the large intestine?

<p>The saclike first part of the large intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the sigmoid colon located?

<p>S-shaped region; enters the pelvis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the large intestine travels down the left side of the abdomen?

<p>Descending colon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the large intestine is located in the pelvis?

<p>Sigmoid colon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary muscle type forming the external anal sphincter?

<p>Skeletal muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are the anal sphincters normally closed?

<p>During defecation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the large intestine deliver undigestible food residues?

<p>To the body’s exterior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle forms the external anal sphincter?

<p>Skeletal muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are the internal and external anal sphincters normally closed?

<p>During defecation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the large intestine deliver undigestible food residues?

<p>To the body's exterior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle forms the external anal sphincter?

<p>Skeletal muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are the anal sphincters normally closed?

<p>Except during defecation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the large intestine deliver undigestible food residues?

<p>To the body’s exterior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the anal canal end?

<p>At the anus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the internal anal sphincter?

<p>Smooth muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opening of the large intestine called?

<p>Anus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is not part of the accessory digestive organs?

<p>Small intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver?

<p>Gallbladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aids in the mechanical breakdown of food in the mouth?

<p>Teeth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many sets of teeth do humans have during a lifetime?

<p>2 sets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do wisdom teeth typically appear if they do emerge?

<p>Between ages 17 and 25 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many teeth does a full set of permanent teeth consist of?

<p>32 teeth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many sets of teeth do humans have during a lifetime?

<p>Two sets: deciduous and permanent teeth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do permanent teeth start to replace deciduous teeth?

<p>Between 6 and 12 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many teeth does a baby have by age 2?

<p>20 teeth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of incisors?

<p>Cutting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of canines (eyeteeth)?

<p>Tearing or piercing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of premolars (bicuspids)?

<p>Grinding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major regions of a tooth?

<p>Crown and Root (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the crown of a tooth located?

<p>Above the gum line (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the root of a tooth?

<p>Anchors the tooth in place (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the dentin found in a tooth?

<p>Deep to the enamel and forms the bulk of the tooth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the pulp cavity of a tooth contain?

<p>Connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the root canal of a tooth extend into?

<p>The root (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pancreas in the digestive system?

<p>Produces a wide spectrum of digestive enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the alkaline fluid introduced with enzymes from the pancreas?

<p>Neutralizes acidic chyme from the stomach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are produced by the pancreas?

<p>Insulin and Glucagon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the liver located in the body?

<p>Right side under the diaphragm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the liver connected to the gallbladder?

<p>Via the common hepatic duct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What suspends the four lobes of the liver from the diaphragm and abdominal wall?

<p>Falciform ligament (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of bile pigments in the liver?

<p>Bilirubin from the breakdown of hemoglobin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Through which duct does bile leave the liver?

<p>Common bile duct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of bile?

<p>Yellow-green (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is bile produced in the body?

<p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Through which duct does bile leave the liver?

<p>Common hepatic duct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substances are found in bile?

<p>Cholesterol, phospholipids, and electrolytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is bile introduced into the duodenum from during digestion of fatty food?

<p>Gallbladder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes blockages in the gallbladder?

<p>Crystallized cholesterol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is bile stored when no digestion is occurring?

<p>Gallbladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bile in the liver?

<p>Emulsify fats by physically breaking large fat globules into smaller ones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does fat emulsification primarily begin in the digestive system?

<p>Liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of bile production in the body?

<p>Liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bile?

<p>Emulsify fats by physically breaking large fat globules into smaller ones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does bile work on fats?

<p>Emulsifies fats by physically breaking large fat globules into smaller ones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of bile in digestion?

<p>Aid in the emulsification of fats for digestion and absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bile in the digestive system?

<p>Emulsify fats by physically breaking large fat globules into smaller ones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of peristalsis in the digestive system?

<p>Alternating waves of contraction and relaxation that squeezes food along the GI tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

<p>Digestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bile in the digestive system?

<p>Emulsify fats by physically breaking large fat globules into smaller ones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process involving the movement of materials back and forth to foster mixing in the small intestine?

<p>Segmentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the alternating waves of contraction and relaxation that squeezes food along the GI tract?

<p>Peristalsis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mechanical digestion in the digestive system?

<p>Preparing food for further degradation by enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which major food group is broken down to monosaccharides (simple sugars) during digestion?

<p>Carbohydrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during digestion in the digestive system?

<p>Enzymes chemically break down large molecules into their building blocks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process prepares food for further degradation by enzymes in the digestive system?

<p>Mixing of food in the mouth by the tongue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which major food group is broken down to monosaccharides (simple sugars) during digestion?

<p>Carbohydrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when enzymes chemically break down large molecules into their building blocks in the digestive system?

<p>Digestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins broken down to during digestion?

<p>Amino acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which major food group is broken down to fatty acids and glycerol?

<p>Fats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do carbohydrates break down to during digestion?

<p>Monosaccharides (simple sugars) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the end products of digestion?

<p>They are absorbed in the blood or lymph (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the elimination of indigestible substances from the GI tract occur?

<p>In the form of feces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the end products of digestion enter the blood or lymph capillaries?

<p>They must enter mucosal cells and then into blood or lymph capillaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the end products of digestion absorbed?

<p>In the blood or lymph (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of eliminating indigestible substances from the GI tract in the form of feces called?

<p>Defecation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where must food enter before being absorbed into the blood or lymph capillaries?

<p>Mucosal cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What begins the process of starch digestion in the mouth?

<p>Salivary amylase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does food absorption primarily occur in the digestive system?

<p>Small intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stimulus triggers the release of saliva in the mouth?

<p>Psychic stimuli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pharynx and esophagus in the digestive system?

<p>Serve as passageways to the stomach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of swallowing involves the mouth and the tongue?

<p>Buccal phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main activity involved in food propulsion in the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus?

<p>Swallowing and peristalsis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two phases of swallowing?

<p>Buccal phase and Pharyngeal-esophageal phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pharynx?

<p>Swallowing (deglutition) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the pharynx function in the process of swallowing?

<p>In the buccal phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pharyngeal-esophageal phase in the digestive system?

<p>Involuntary transport of the bolus by peristalsis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism involved in food propulsion during the pharyngeal-esophageal phase?

<p>Peristalsis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the nasal and respiratory passageways during the pharyngeal-esophageal phase of digestion?

<p>They are blocked (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are most dietary carbohydrates derived from?

<p>Fruits and vegetables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the exceptions to dietary carbohydrates being derived from plants?

<p>Lactose from milk and small amounts of glycogens from meats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are dietary carbohydrates primarily composed of?

<p>Sugars and starches (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From where are most dietary carbohydrates derived?

<p>Fruits and vegetables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an exception to dietary carbohydrates being derived from plants?

<p>Lactose from milk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are dietary carbohydrates primarily composed of?

<p>Sugars and starches (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which source provides unsaturated fats?

<p>Nuts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are saturated fats primarily obtained from?

<p>Animal products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food source contains cholesterol?

<p>Egg yolk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food source contains complete proteins?

<p>Eggs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are essential amino acids?

<p>Amino acids that must be obtained through diet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food source contains incomplete proteins?

<p>Beans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are most vitamins found?

<p>Fruits and vegetables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are most vitamins used as in the body?

<p>Coenzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food group is a primary source of vitamins?

<p>Fruits and vegetables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is important for making hemoglobin?

<p>Iron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main dietary sources of minerals?

<p>Vegetables and legumes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is important for building bone and blood clotting?

<p>Calcium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is metabolism?

<p>All of the chemical reactions necessary to maintain life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during catabolism?

<p>Substances are broken down to simpler substances; energy is released (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is anabolism?

<p>Larger molecules are built from smaller ones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the body's preferred source to produce cellular energy (ATP)?

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major breakdown product of carbohydrate digestion?

<p>Glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is used as a fuel to make ATP?

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During cellular respiration, what is formed as glucose is oxidized?

<p>Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the oxidation of glucose in cellular respiration?

<p>Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the end products of glucose oxidation in cellular respiration?

<p>Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed as glucose is oxidized in cellular respiration?

<p>Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of glucose oxidation in cellular respiration?

<p>Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the oxidation of glucose in cellular respiration?

<p>Formation of carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does glycolysis occur?

<p>Cytosol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Krebs cycle take place?

<p>Mitochondrion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are hydrogen atoms split into hydrogen ions and electrons during cellular respiration?

<p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

<p>Mitochondrion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycolysis?

<p>Energize glucose for splitting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to hydrogen atoms in the Electron transport chain?

<p>They are split into hydrogen ions and electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to excess glucose in the body?

<p>It is stored in body cells as glycogen or converted to fat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What processes occur to restore normal blood glucose levels during hypoglycemia?

<p>Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fat breakdown (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by excessively high levels of glucose in the blood?

<p>Hyperglycemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common condition associated with excessive fat breakdown?

<p>Acidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When carbohydrates are in limited supply, what happens to fat metabolism to produce ATP?

<p>More fats are oxidized (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common situation where fruity odor in the breath is observed?

<p>Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes blood to become acidic in the context of excessive fat breakdown?

<p>Limited supply of carbohydrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common condition associated with excessive fat breakdown and acidic blood?

<p>Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom commonly associated with excessive fat breakdown?

<p>Breath with a fruity odor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver cells in protein metabolism?

<p>Detoxifying ammonia by combining it with carbon dioxide to form urea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are amino acids oxidized to form ATP in protein metabolism?

<p>Mainly when other fuel sources are not available (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to ammonia released during the catabolism of amino acids in protein metabolism?

<p>It is detoxified by liver cells that combine it with carbon dioxide to form urea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process where glucose molecules are converted to glycogen and stored in the liver?

<p>Glycogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the release of glucose from the liver after conversion from glycogen?

<p>Glycogenolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process where glucose is produced from fats and proteins?

<p>Gluconeogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in cholesterol transport?

<p>Transport cholesterol to body cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) in cholesterol transport?

<p>Transport cholesterol from body cells to the liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) considered 'bad lipoproteins'?

<p>They can lead to atherosclerosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is energy intake in the context of food oxidation?

<p>The energy liberated during food oxidation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the energy stored in the body?

<p>As glycogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process responsible for energy output as heat?

<p>Glycolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can interference with the body’s energy balance lead to?

<p>Obesity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of interference with the body’s energy balance?

<p>Obesity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition can result from interference with the body’s energy balance?

<p>Obesity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy value measured in?

<p>Kilocalories (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average BMR for an average 70-kg adult?

<p>60 to 72 kcal/hour (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many kilocalories does fats yield per gram?

<p>9 kcal/gram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for energy value?

<p>Calorie (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) for an average 70-kg adult?

<p>100 to 120 kcal/hour (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much energy does fats yield per gram?

<p>9 kcal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy value measured in?

<p>Kilocalorie (kcal) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) for an average 70-kg adult?

<p>60 to 72 kcal/hour (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much energy does fats yield per gram?

<p>9 kcal/gram (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser