digestion in the mouth
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason why enzymes can react with food molecules in saliva?

  • Because the water in saliva helps dissolve foods (correct)
  • Because the mucus in saliva lubricates food
  • Because the lysozyme in saliva kills bacteria
  • Because the bicarbonate and phosphate ions in saliva buffer acidic foods
  • What is the average daily secretion of saliva?

  • 5 liters
  • 2 liters
  • 0.5 liters
  • 1 liter (correct)
  • Which ion has a higher concentration in saliva compared to blood plasma?

  • Na+
  • Ca2+
  • Cl-
  • K+ (correct)
  • What is the primary function of lysozyme in saliva?

    <p>To kill bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tonicity of saliva compared to blood plasma?

    <p>Hypotonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of salivary amylase in saliva?

    <p>To begin the digestion of carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the similarity in composition between saliva at the highest flow rates and blood plasma?

    <p>Decreased time for ion absorption and secretion by the ductal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is NOT affected by the 'contact time' explanation of saliva composition?

    <p>Bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the slow transit of saliva through the ducts at the lowest flow rates?

    <p>A significant change in the concentrations of Na+, Cl-, K+, and bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of ion absorption and secretion that affects the composition of saliva?

    <p>Ductal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the composition of saliva at the lowest flow rates?

    <p>Shows the greatest difference in ionic composition compared to blood plasma and the initial saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of fast transit of saliva through the ducts on the concentration of Na+ and Cl-?

    <p>Only a small change in the concentration of Na+ and Cl-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected relationship between saliva flow rate and bicarbonate concentration in saliva based on secretion by ductal cells?

    <p>The concentration of bicarbonate in saliva is highest at the slow saliva flow rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the actual relationship between saliva flow rate and bicarbonate concentration in saliva?

    <p>The concentration of bicarbonate in saliva increases as the flow rate increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of control does not play a role in the regulation of secretion by the salivary glands?

    <p>Hormonal control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the composition of saliva?

    <p>It makes the saliva more viscous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of control of saliva secretion?

    <p>Autonomic control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the composition of saliva?

    <p>It makes the saliva more watery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for increased blood flow to the salivary glands during parasympathetic stimulation?

    <p>Formation of bradykinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting parasympathetic signals to the salivary glands?

    <p>Facial (VII) and Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the salivatory nuclei in the brain stem?

    <p>To integrate signals from the taste buds and send them to the salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lingual lipase in the stomach?

    <p>To break down dietary lipids into fatty acids and glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the increased surface area of food particles exposed to enzymes during digestion?

    <p>Faster digestion of food particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the salivary glands?

    <p>Vasoconstriction and decreased secretion of saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chewing in the mouth?

    <p>To reduce the size of food particles and mix them with saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the sympathetic nerves that innervate the salivary glands?

    <p>Th1-Th3 segments of the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stimulus for secretion of saliva in response to food?

    <p>Chemicals present in the food stimulating the taste buds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of teeth is responsible for cutting the food?

    <p>Incisors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the chewing muscles in the digestion process?

    <p>To facilitate chewing and grinding of food in the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of salivary amylase activity on starch after swallowing?

    <p>About 1 hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

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