Human Anatomy & Physiology Quiz - Digestive System

<p>Peptides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal to smooth muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood and lymph vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proximal duodenum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To activate pepsinogen and aid in digestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretion of digestive enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By creating a thick layer of mucous that separates the cells from acidic contents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 to 6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastric pacemaker cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is activated to pepsin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To take in foods and liquids into the mouth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digestion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucosa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They catalyze the breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gallbladder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulation of receptors in the oropharynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epiglottis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The movement and mixing of material along the GI tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristalsis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitating gastric mixing and expansion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4-8 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barrett’s esophagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DASH diet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosaccharides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They hydrolyze proteins into amino acids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triglycerides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They mix monoglycerols and fatty acids with bile. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enterocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triglycerides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chylomicrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>16-23 feet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The outermost layer of the esophagus, connecting it to surrounding structures.

The middle layer of the esophagus, responsible for muscle contractions that move food down.

The innermost layer of the esophagus, composed of connective tissue, blood vessels and mucous glands.

The process of swallowing food from the mouth into the stomach.

The first stage of swallowing, where the tongue pushes the food bolus towards the back of the mouth.

The process of taking in food and liquids into the mouth.

The release of substances like water, acids, buffers, and enzymes from cells in the GI tract and accessory organs.

The mixing and movement of food and secretions through the digestive tract using alternating muscle contractions and relaxations.

The breakdown of food into smaller molecules.

The movement of digested food, fluids, ions, and nutrients from the GI tract into the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

The elimination of waste, undigested material, and other substances from the body through the anus.

The four layers of tissue that make up the wall of the gastrointestinal tract from the lower esophagus to the anal canal.

The four layers of tissue in the GI tract are: 1. Serosa, 2. Muscularis, 3. Submucosa, and 4. Mucosa.

The outermost layer of the GI tract, made of areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium); also known as the visceral peritoneum.

The innermost layer of the GI tract lining, composed of three layers: epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.

The stage of swallowing where the bolus moves from the oropharynx through the hypo/laryngopharynx.

The upward movement of the soft palate and uvula that blocks the nasopharynx during the pharyngeal stage to prevent food entering nasal cavity.

The downward movement of the epiglottis that covers the opening to the larynx during the pharyngeal stage to stop food from entering the airways.

The stage of swallowing where the food bolus travels through the esophagus.

A series of coordinated muscle contractions and relaxations that pushes the bolus down the esophagus.

A ring of muscle at the bottom of the esophagus that relaxes to allow food into the stomach.

A condition where the lower esophageal sphincter doesn't close properly, allowing stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus.

A burning sensation in the chest caused by stomach acid irritating the esophageal lining.

H2 blockers are medications that reduce the production of stomach acid by blocking the action of histamine, a chemical that stimulates acid secretion.

The stomach's pH is typically between 4 and 6 when it's empty and not actively digesting food. This relatively neutral pH is maintained by the absence of significant acid secretion.

When food enters the stomach or gastric motility is stimulated, the stomach releases a significant amount of hydrochloric acid (HCl), decreasing the pH to around 2. This acidic environment helps deter bacterial growth and activates pepsinogen for efficient digestion.

The gastric diffusion barrier, primarily composed of mucosal cells, serves as a protective layer against the acidity of the stomach's lumen. This layer maintains an almost neutral pH on the other side, allowing cells to function properly.

Mechanical digestion in the stomach involves the propulsive movements of the stomach muscles, known as peristaltic waves. These waves push food along, breaking down larger particles into smaller ones and moving them towards the pylorus for further processing.

A set of organs that work together to break down food for energy and nutrient absorption, eliminating waste.

A tubular structure extending from the mouth to the anus, responsible for the primary breakdown and absorption of food.

Organs that help with digestion but do not directly come in contact with food. They secrete digestive juices.

Organic compounds that provide energy for the body, including carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

Organic compounds needed in small amounts for various bodily functions, including vitamins and minerals.

Sugars, starches, and fibers that provide energy and are broken down into simple sugars for absorption.

Complex molecules that produce energy, build and repair tissues, and support various bodily functions.

Fats and oils that are essential for energy, hormone production, cell membrane function, and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

The simple sugars that are the absorbable units of carbohydrates.

The breakdown of proteins into amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides for absorption.

Essential amino acids are those that the body cannot produce on its own and must be obtained through diet.

The breakdown of lipids into fatty acids and monoglycerides for absorption.

The process of breaking down large lipid molecules into smaller droplets, increasing surface area for digestion.

Lipoproteins that transport lipids throughout the body.