Human Biology Quiz: Blood and Digestive System

Endocrine System Questions

• Question 1: The pituitary gland is inferior in location to the other glands listed.
• Question 3: A cell's receptiveness to a hormone depends on the presence of a specific receptor for that hormone.
• Question 4: FALSE. Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream, not a duct system.
• Question 5: TRUE. A substance can function as both a hormone and neurotransmitter
• Question 6: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is transported to its target via the hypophysial portal system.
• Question 7: The infundibulum is a projection of the hypothalamus, connecting it to the pituitary gland.
• Question 8: Luteinizing hormone (LH) is not a hypothalamic hormone.
• Question 9: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) passes through the hypothalamo-hypophysial tract.
• Question 10: The anterior pituitary is the target organ of corticotropin-releasing hormone.
• Question 13: Cortisol is not a member of this group since it's a steroid hormone; the other hormones are all peptide hormones.
• Question 15: The kidney is the target structure for antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
• Question 16: Oxytocin (OT) is responsible for milk ejection from the mammary glands.
• Question 18: Neuroendocrine cells regulate hormone secretion by endocrine glands, but respond to neurotransmitters.
• Question 19: Both thymus and pineal gland shrink after childhood.
• Question 20: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates osteoclasts and promotes calcium absorption.

Circulatory System I: Blood Questions

• Question 1: Antibodies are not formed elements in blood.
• Question 2: Plasma is the clear extracellular matrix of blood.
• Question 3: Erythrocytes are not part of the buffy coat.
• Question 4: Blood serum lacks fibrinogen, a protein found in blood plasma.
• Question 5: Antibodies are gamma globulins.
• Question 6: Albumin is the most abundant protein in plasma.
• Question 7: Fibrinogen is the missing component for plasma-serum distinction.
• Question 8: The hematocrit measures the percentage of blood volume composed of erythrocytes.
• Question 9: Albumin is the primary contributing factor to blood viscosity.
• Question 10: Hemoglobin carries four oxygen molecules.
• Question 11: Hemoglobin is the component responsible for the red color of erythrocytes.
• Question 12: Hematopoietic stem cells are found in yellow bone marrow.
• Question 13: Glycolipids act as antigens to determine blood type (A, B, or O).
• Question 14: Basophils secrete histamine and heparin.
• Question 15: Platelets are not true cells; they are cell fragments.

Circulatory System II: The Heart Questions

• Question 1: Blood returning from the big toe enters the heart via the inferior vena cava.
• Question 2: Pericardial fluid is found between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium.
• Question 3: The epicardium, the outermost layer covers the heart, is composed primarily of dense irregular connective tissue.
• Question 4: The thickest part of the myocardium is in the walls of the left ventricle.
• Question 5: The myocardium is composed of cardiac muscle tissue.
• Question 6: The left ventricle forms the heart's apex.
• Question 7: FALSE. The anterior interventricular sulcus separates ventricles from atria.
• Question 8: The pulmonary semilunar valve is the exit valve for the right ventricle.
• Question 9: Papillary muscles prevent the atrioventricular (AV) valves from prolapsing.
• Question 10: TRUE. Papillary muscles prevent the AV valves from prolapsing during ventricular contraction.

Circulatory System III Questions

• Question 11: The mitral valve controls blood flow between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
• Question 12: When the tendinous cords (chordae tendineae) become slack, the AV valves are more prone to prolapsing.
• Question 13: The pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood to the lungs from the heart.
• Question 14: The pulmonary veins return oxygen-rich blood to the heart from the lungs.
• Question 15: The semilunar valves are closed when the ventricles are relaxing.
• Question 16: Blood in the pulmonary veins returns to the left atrium.
• Question 17: Oxygen-poor blood passes through the right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves.

Lymphatic System and Immunity Questions

• Question 5: The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax.
• Question 7: TRUE. Skeletal muscle contraction aids in the flow of lymph.
• Question 8: Macrophages are the main antigen-presenting cells.
• Question 10: The spleen is located in the left hypochondriac region.
• Question 11: The gluteal region lacks a concentration of lymph nodes.
• Question 13: The thymus undergoes a remarkable degree of degeneration or involution with age.
• Question 14: The spleen, compared to a child, appears smaller in an adult.
• Question 15: Edema is the accumulation of excess fluid in loose connective tissue.

Respiratory System Questions

• Question 1: The correct order of structures through which air flows is: Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
• Question 2: Alveoli are part of the respiratory zone.
• Question 3: The lower respiratory tract begins with the main (primary) bronchi.
• Question 4: The airway from the nose to the larynx is called the upper respiratory tract.
• Question 5: Vibrissae are nasal hairs.
• Question 6: The respiratory tract is mostly lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
• Question 7: The laryngopharynx is capable of conducting air, food, and liquid.
• Question 8: The oropharynx is the space between the soft palate and the root of the tongue.
• Question 9: The thyroid cartilage is commonly referred to as the "Adam's apple."
• Question 10: The nasopharynx receives the auditory tubes.
• Question 11: The superior opening of the larynx is called the glottis.
• Question 12: The nose is divided into right and left halves called the nasal cavities.
• Question 13: The air passages beneath the conchae are called the meatuses.
• Question 15: Mucus is secreted in the respiratory mucosa by goblet cells.
• Question 16: The base of the lungs is the portion that lies on the diaphragm.
• Question 17: The hilum of the lung is on its mediastinal surface.

Digestive System Questions

• Question 1: The first part of the small intestine is the duodenum.
• Question 2: The distal section of the small intestine is the ileum.
• Question 3: The outermost tissue layer of the digestive tract, from the lower esophagus to the distal colon, is the serosa.
• Question 4: The correct order of tissue layers from the lumen to the external surface is mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa.
• Question 5: The myenteric plexus controls peristalsis.
• Question 6: The vagus nerve is the primary source of most parasympathetic innervation to the digestive tract.
• Question 7: The visceral peritoneum is called the greater omentum.
• Question 8: The lingual frenulum attaches the body of the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
• Question 9: The pyloric sphincter controls the flow of contents from the stomach to the duodenum.
• Question 10: Chyme is the partially digested fluid that passes from the stomach into the small intestine.

Urinary System Questions

• Question 1: The correct order to expose the kidney starting in the abdominal cavity and moving dorsally is peritoneum → perirenal fat capsule → renal capsule → renal fascia.
• Question 2: Ureters convey urine from the kidney to the bladder.
• Question 3: FALSE. The ureters pass posterior to the bladder and enter the bladder from below the pelvic brim.
• Question 4: The liver is not a urinary system organ.
• Question 5: The kidneys are at unequal heights, right is lower than left.
• Question 6: TRUE. The urinary system eliminates metabolic waste.
• Question 7: Urea is the most abundant nitrogenous waste in the blood.
• Question 8: The renal arteries and veins enter and exit the kidney at the hilum.
• Question 9: Adrenal glands are found lying along the superior border of the kidneys; there’s a fibrous capsule surrounding each kidney.
• Question 10: The renal corpuscle which is formed by the glomerular capsule and the glomerulus.
• Question 11: Nephrons are the functional units in the kidneys.
• Question 12: A renal lobe is composed of a renal pyramid and the cortical tissue around it.
• Question 13: A renal pyramid releases its urine into a minor calyx.
• Question 14: The glomerular capillaries are called the renal corpuscle.
• Question 15: The first structure encounter while following the ureter into the kidney is the renal pelvis.

Reproductive System Questions

• Question 1: Polar bodies are produced during oogenesis to discard excess cytoplasm and chromosomes.
• Question 2: Sperm cells travel from seminiferous tubule → epididymis → rete testis → ductus deferens → ejaculatory duct → urethra.
• Question 3: The broad ligament covers both the ovaries and testes.
• Question 4: Interstitial endocrine cells produce testosterone.
• Question 5: The pampiniform plexus is a network of veins that cools the blood to the scrotum.
• Question 6: The cremaster muscle draws the testes closer to the body for warmth.
• Question 8: If interstitial endocrine cells were destroyed, testosterone levels would decrease.
• Question 9: The seminal vesicles produce most of the semen.
• Question 10: The sperm's acrosome enables it to penetrate an ovum.
• Question 11: The storage structure for sperm is the epididymis.
• Question 12: The corpus spongiosum is the region of the penis that engorges with blood during an erection.
• Question 13: The penile urethra is enclosed by the corpus spongiosum.
• Question 14: The medial pole of the ovary is connected to the uterus by the ovarian ligament.
• Question 15: The structure that forms when the follicle collapses is the corpus luteum.
• Question 16/17: The corpus luteum and granulosa cells produce estrogen.

Test your knowledge on key concepts of human biology including blood components, functions, and the digestive system. This quiz covers topics like blood viscosity, hemoglobin's oxygen binding capacity, and the anatomy of the stomach. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand these foundational aspects of human physiology.