The Circulatory System Quiz

Study Notes

The circulatory system is the organ system responsible for transporting substances throughout the body.
The circulatory system comprises blood, the heart, and blood vessels.
The circulatory system contains four types of tissue: connective, epithelial, cardiac muscle and nerve tissue.
Blood is a type of connective tissue that circulates throughout the body.
Blood transports oxygen, nutrients, heat energy, carbon dioxide, hormones, and waste.

Blood is 45% red blood cells.
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) contain hemoglobin, which has four sites where oxygen and carbon dioxide can attach.
Oxygen is transported from the lungs to tissues in the blood.
Carbon dioxide is transported from tissues to the lungs in the blood.
Blood is also 1% white blood cells (leukocytes).
Macrophages ("eat" infections) are a type of white blood cell.
Lymphocytes form antibodies that attach to and destroy infections.
Platelets make up less than 1% of blood and are responsible for blood clotting.
Plasma is 55% of blood and is the liquid part.
Plasma is rich in protein, controls blood volume and blood pressure, and carries dissolved minerals, nutrients, and wastes.

The heart contains three types of tissue: cardiac muscle, nerve, and connective tissue.
The heart is divided into four chambers.
Blood flows from the body to the heart, to the lungs, and back to the body.
The heart's chambers are the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.

There are three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart with high pressure.
Artery walls are thick and muscular to withstand the pressure.
Veins carry blood toward the heart.
Capillaries are small blood vessels with very thin walls (one cell thick).
Blood cells pass through capillaries one at a time, and materials (like oxygen and carbon dioxide) are exchanged.
All blood vessels have an endothelium layer, a smooth muscle layer, and a connective tissue layer.