27 Questions
What is the main function of blood in the circulatory system?
Serving as a vehicle for the transport of substances
What is the composition of plasma?
90% water, 9% proteins, and 1% nutrients and respiratory gases
What helps maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood and normal blood volume?
Plasma proteins
What is the function of tissue fluid as it passes from the blood capillaries to the connective tissue?
It maintains the osmotic balance of the tissues
Which component makes up approximately 54% of blood?
Erythrocytes
Why is the passage of fluid from the blood to the connective tissue limited?
Due to a greater concentration of proteins in the tissue compared to the blood
What is the main function of platelets?
Acting as a barrier to prevent blood loss
Where do platelets originate from?
Multipotential stem cells
What are the granules of platelets composed of?
Thrombospondin and lysosomes
What is the role of vWF in platelet adhesion?
Binding to collagen
What triggers the coagulation cascade?
Platelet aggregation
Where does hematopoiesis first occur during embryonic development?
Liver and spleen
What do pluripotent stem cells give rise to?
Multipotential stem cells
What happens when endothelial cells release prostacyclines and NO?
Inhibit platelet aggregation
Which factor binds to the platelets and forms a network after vessel repair?
$Fibrinogen$
What do α (alpha) granules of platelets contain?
$Fibrinogen$ and $coagulation factors$
What is the lifespan of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?
120 days
Which of the following cells has a nucleus and organelles?
Lymphocytes
What is the function of neutrophils in the body?
Initiate the inflammatory process
Which leukocyte type is responsible for attacking foreign cells or cells altered by viruses and destroying them?
Lymphocytes
What is the function of eosinophils in the body?
Fight parasitic infections
Which type of leukocytes contains specific granules that are stained with acid dyes?
Basophils
What gives red color to erythrocytes and blood in general?
Hemoglobin
Where do monocytes migrate to after remaining in the blood for a few days?
Tissues
What is the shape of erythrocytes which gives them a high surface-volume ratio?
Biconcave disc shape
Which leukocyte type has an S-shaped nucleus usually masked by specific granules?
Basophils
What is the function of hemoglobin in the erythrocytes?
Transports oxygen through the blood
Study Notes
Blood Composition and Functions
- Blood is composed of plasma, erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets
- Plasma makes up approximately 54% of blood and is composed of 92% water, 7% proteins, and 1% nutrients, hormones, gases, and waste products
- Plasma helps maintain osmotic pressure and normal blood volume
Platelets and Coagulation
- Platelets originate from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow
- Platelets contain alpha granules composed of clotting factors, fibrinogen, and platelet-derived growth factor, and dense bodies containing serotonin and adenine nucleotides
- Von Willebrand factor (vWF) plays a role in platelet adhesion
- The coagulation cascade is triggered by tissue factor and leads to the formation of a blood clot
Leukocytes and Immune Response
- Leukocytes are produced through hematopoiesis in the bone marrow
- Pluripotent stem cells give rise to all blood cells
- Neutrophils are phagocytic and play a role in bacterial killing
- Cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells are responsible for attacking foreign cells or cells altered by viruses
- Eosinophils play a role in parasitic infections and allergic reactions
- Basophils contain specific granules that are stained with acid dyes
- Monocytes migrate to tissues and mature into macrophages
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
- Erythrocytes are biconcave disk-shaped cells with a high surface-volume ratio
- Hemoglobin gives erythrocytes and blood their red color
- Hemoglobin's main function is to transport oxygen from lungs to tissues
- Erythrocytes have a lifespan of approximately 120 days
Test your knowledge about the composition and functions of blood, including its role in transporting substances, such as nutrients and waste products, throughout the body.
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