Blood Composition and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of blood in the circulatory system?

  • Serving as a vehicle for the transport of substances (correct)
  • Producing respiratory gases like O2 and CO2
  • Regulating body temperature and osmotic balance of tissues
  • Transporting waste products from other organs to the digestive system

    • What is the composition of plasma?

  • 90% nutrients, 9% water, and 1% proteins
  • 90% water, 9% nutrients, and 1% respiratory gases
  • 90% proteins, 9% nutrients, and 1% water
  • 90% water, 9% proteins, and 1% nutrients and respiratory gases (correct)

    • What helps maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood and normal blood volume?

  • Plasma proteins (correct)
  • Hormones and signaling molecules
  • Respiratory gases (O2 and CO2)
  • Platelets and leukocytes

    • What is the function of tissue fluid as it passes from the blood capillaries to the connective tissue?

    <p>It maintains the osmotic balance of the tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component makes up approximately 54% of blood?

    <p>Erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the passage of fluid from the blood to the connective tissue limited?

    <p>Due to a greater concentration of proteins in the tissue compared to the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of platelets?

    <p>Acting as a barrier to prevent blood loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do platelets originate from?

    <p>Multipotential stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the granules of platelets composed of?

    <p>Thrombospondin and lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vWF in platelet adhesion?

    <p>Binding to collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the coagulation cascade?

    <p>Platelet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does hematopoiesis first occur during embryonic development?

    <p>Liver and spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do pluripotent stem cells give rise to?

    <p>Multipotential stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when endothelial cells release prostacyclines and NO?

    <p>Inhibit platelet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor binds to the platelets and forms a network after vessel repair?

    <p>$Fibrinogen$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do α (alpha) granules of platelets contain?

    <p>$Fibrinogen$ and $coagulation factors$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lifespan of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?

    <p>120 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells has a nucleus and organelles?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of neutrophils in the body?

    <p>Initiate the inflammatory process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte type is responsible for attacking foreign cells or cells altered by viruses and destroying them?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of eosinophils in the body?

    <p>Fight parasitic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocytes contains specific granules that are stained with acid dyes?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives red color to erythrocytes and blood in general?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do monocytes migrate to after remaining in the blood for a few days?

    <p>Tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of erythrocytes which gives them a high surface-volume ratio?

    <p>Biconcave disc shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte type has an S-shaped nucleus usually masked by specific granules?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of hemoglobin in the erythrocytes?

    <p>Transports oxygen through the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood Composition and Functions

    • Blood is composed of plasma, erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets
    • Plasma makes up approximately 54% of blood and is composed of 92% water, 7% proteins, and 1% nutrients, hormones, gases, and waste products
    • Plasma helps maintain osmotic pressure and normal blood volume

    Platelets and Coagulation

    • Platelets originate from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow
    • Platelets contain alpha granules composed of clotting factors, fibrinogen, and platelet-derived growth factor, and dense bodies containing serotonin and adenine nucleotides
    • Von Willebrand factor (vWF) plays a role in platelet adhesion
    • The coagulation cascade is triggered by tissue factor and leads to the formation of a blood clot

    Leukocytes and Immune Response

    • Leukocytes are produced through hematopoiesis in the bone marrow
    • Pluripotent stem cells give rise to all blood cells
    • Neutrophils are phagocytic and play a role in bacterial killing
    • Cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells are responsible for attacking foreign cells or cells altered by viruses
    • Eosinophils play a role in parasitic infections and allergic reactions
    • Basophils contain specific granules that are stained with acid dyes
    • Monocytes migrate to tissues and mature into macrophages

    Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

    • Erythrocytes are biconcave disk-shaped cells with a high surface-volume ratio
    • Hemoglobin gives erythrocytes and blood their red color
    • Hemoglobin's main function is to transport oxygen from lungs to tissues
    • Erythrocytes have a lifespan of approximately 120 days

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    Test your knowledge about the composition and functions of blood, including its role in transporting substances, such as nutrients and waste products, throughout the body.

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