The Brain Unveiled

<p>Receive input from and send output to other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Action potential (AP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurotransmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmit action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell body (soma)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respond to environmental stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Norepinephrine (NE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parasympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetylcholine (ACh)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enteric nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enteric nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positron emission tomography (PET)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axon hillock</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To speed up conduction of action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Postsynaptic density</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Action potential reaches axon terminal, synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters, neurotransmitters bind to receptors, receptors excite or inhibit postsynaptic neuron, neurotransmitters are cleared from the synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neural circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, Astrocytes, Microglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintain extracellular environment, transport nutrients/oxygen, contribute to blood-brain barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speeds up conduction of action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White matter consists of bundles of myelinated axons, while gray matter consists of mostly cell bodies and dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microglia are the brain's resident immune cells and remove debris from injured or dead cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The axon hillock is a coneshaped area of the soma that gives rise to the axon and is the site of integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presynaptic membrane, postsynaptic membrane, synaptic cleft, presynaptic terminal, synaptic vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Action potential reaches axon terminal. 2. Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters into the synapse. 3. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors. 4. Receptors excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron. 5. Neurotransmitters are released from receptors and cleared from the synapse</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neural circuit is a interconnected neurons that carry out a specific function when activated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Topographic projection refers to neighboring neurons projecting to neighboring neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sympathetic nervous system, Parasympathetic nervous system, Enteric nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prepares the body for action/evasion 'fight, flight, or freeze', innervates organs with NT norepinephrine (NE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helps the body relax and recuperate 'rest and digest', 'feed and breed', innervates organs with NT acetylcholine (ACh)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Local, somewhat autonomous network of neurons that governs gut function, maintains fluid and nutrient balance (homeostasis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system, Somatic nervous system, Autonomic nervous system, Sympathetic nervous system, Parasympathetic nervous system, Enteric nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positron emission tomography (PET)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functional MRI (fMRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The functional zones of a neuron are input, integration, conduction, and output. The input zone consists of dendrites that receive signals via neurotransmission. The integration zone is the cell body (soma) which combines input signals and initiates action potentials. The conduction zone is the axon, which transmits action potentials. The output zone consists of axon terminals that send signals via neurotransmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons can be classified based on their shape into three types: multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar. Multipolar neurons have one axon and many dendrites and are the most common type. Bipolar neurons have one axon and one dendrite. Unipolar neurons have a single extension that branches in two directions, with one branch acting as the receptive pole and the other as the output zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two basic types of neuronal communication are action potential (AP) and neurotransmission. Action potential is the communication that occurs within a neuron, while neurotransmission occurs between neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motor neurons stimulate muscles or glands. Sensory neurons respond to environmental stimuli such as light, odor, and touch. Interneurons receive input from and send output to other neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The myelin sheath around axons serves to insulate and protect the axon, as well as to increase the speed at which action potentials are conducted along the axon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glia are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection to neurons. They play a crucial role in maintaining the extracellular environment, contributing to the blood-brain barrier, and forming the myelin sheath around axons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The neuron doctrine states that the brain is composed of independent cells called neurons, and that information is transmitted from cell to cell across synapses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sympathetic division of the nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for action or evasion. Its function is to mobilize the body's resources in response to stress or danger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The autonomic division of the nervous system controls the body's organs and glands. Its function is to regulate involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers