The Adaptive Immune Response Quiz

Differences Between Adaptive and Innate Immune Response

• Adaptive immune response is specific and tailored to particular pathogens, while innate immune response is non-specific and acts as the first line of defense.
• Adaptive immunity provides long-lasting protection through memory cells, whereas innate immunity provides immediate response and does not adapt.

Role of Lymphocytes in Adaptive Immune System

• Lymphocytes, including B cells and T cells, are central to the adaptive immune response.
• B cells produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens, while T cells can kill infected cells or help coordinate the immune response.

Function of Antigens in Adaptive Immune Response

• Antigens are foreign substances that provoke an immune response and are recognized by lymphocyte receptors.
• They are essential for stimulating both B and T lymphocyte activation, leading to targeted immune responses.

Characteristics of Lymphocyte Receptors for Antigens

• Lymphocyte receptors are highly specific to individual antigens, allowing for precise targeting and recognition.
• Each lymphocyte clone has unique receptors that bind only to specific antigens, contributing to the diversity of the immune response.

Main Function of Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)

• APCs, like dendritic cells and macrophages, process and present antigens to T cells, activating them.
• They play a crucial role in triggering the adaptive immune response and facilitating communication between the innate and adaptive systems.

Term for Microorganism's Ability to Cause Disease

• Pathogenicity refers to the ability of a microorganism to cause disease, indicating its virulence and potential to induce illness.

Example of Non-Specific Resistance to Parasite Invasion

• Physical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes provide non-specific resistance by preventing the entry of parasites into the body.

End Product of an Infectious Process

• The end product is often the manifestation of disease, which can include symptoms and physiological changes resulting from the infection.

Type of Resistance in Natural Constitution of Host

• Innate immunity is part of the natural constitution of the host, providing immediate but non-specific defense mechanisms.

Characteristic of a Pathogen

• A pathogen is any organism that can cause disease, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, distinguished by its ability to evade host defenses and replicate within the host.