Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of immune response recognizes molecular patterns common to a wide range of microbes?
Which type of immune response recognizes molecular patterns common to a wide range of microbes?
- Specific immune response
- Innate immune response (correct)
- Adaptive immune response
- Secondary immune response
Which immune response generates a memory response upon exposure to a microbe?
Which immune response generates a memory response upon exposure to a microbe?
- Innate immune response
- Primary immune response
- Adaptive immune response (correct)
- Secondary immune response
Which cells are the guards of the immune system and recognize invading pathogens in tissues?
Which cells are the guards of the immune system and recognize invading pathogens in tissues?
- B lymphocytes
- Sentinel cells (correct)
- Natural killer cells
- T lymphocytes
Which cells capture microbial antigens and present them to T lymphocytes?
Which cells capture microbial antigens and present them to T lymphocytes?
Which cells primarily kill infected or transformed cells and produce cytokines?
Which cells primarily kill infected or transformed cells and produce cytokines?
What are small proteins used for communication in the immune system?
What are small proteins used for communication in the immune system?
Which proteins increase during an inflammatory response and are synthesized in the liver?
Which proteins increase during an inflammatory response and are synthesized in the liver?
Which components recruit more cells to the area of infection and coat pathogens for ingestion?
Which components recruit more cells to the area of infection and coat pathogens for ingestion?
What do pattern recognition receptors on sentinel cells recognize?
What do pattern recognition receptors on sentinel cells recognize?
What do inflammatory mediators released by sentinel cells cause?
What do inflammatory mediators released by sentinel cells cause?
What do antigen presenting cells present to T cells in the lymph node, leading to activation and proliferation?
What do antigen presenting cells present to T cells in the lymph node, leading to activation and proliferation?
What is the first line of host defence against infection?
What is the first line of host defence against infection?
Which type of immunity is always present in healthy individuals and provides immediate protection against an infection?
Which type of immunity is always present in healthy individuals and provides immediate protection against an infection?
What is the term used to indicate molecules that are recognized specifically by antigen receptors of either T cells or B cells?
What is the term used to indicate molecules that are recognized specifically by antigen receptors of either T cells or B cells?
Which cells are lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system?
Which cells are lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system?
What is a molecule that is recognized by the immune system?
What is a molecule that is recognized by the immune system?
What part of the antigen can be recognized and bound by antibody or by antigen receptors on T and B cells?
What part of the antigen can be recognized and bound by antibody or by antigen receptors on T and B cells?
What does the adaptive immune response need to encounter before it can respond?
What does the adaptive immune response need to encounter before it can respond?
What is the term used to indicate the molecules recognized specifically by antigen receptors of T cells or B cells?
What is the term used to indicate the molecules recognized specifically by antigen receptors of T cells or B cells?
Which immune response adapts more slowly following infection but provides a specialized defense relying on the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes?
Which immune response adapts more slowly following infection but provides a specialized defense relying on the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes?
What type of immunity delivers a rapid response to infection?
What type of immunity delivers a rapid response to infection?
Which immune response alerts the adaptive immune response that it needs help to eradicate infection?
Which immune response alerts the adaptive immune response that it needs help to eradicate infection?
What does a particular antigen have that can be recognized and bound by antibody or by antigen receptors on T and B cells?
What does a particular antigen have that can be recognized and bound by antibody or by antigen receptors on T and B cells?
What is innate immunity often referred to as?
What is innate immunity often referred to as?
Which type of immunity provides the first line of defense against infection?
Which type of immunity provides the first line of defense against infection?
What does an antigen refer to?
What does an antigen refer to?
What is the role of an epitope?
What is the role of an epitope?
Which type of immunity relies on the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes?
Which type of immunity relies on the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes?
What type of immune response delivers a rapid response to infection?
What type of immune response delivers a rapid response to infection?
Which immune response adapts more slowly following infection?
Which immune response adapts more slowly following infection?
What does the adaptive immune response need to encounter before it can respond?
What does the adaptive immune response need to encounter before it can respond?
What is the term used to indicate molecules recognized specifically by antigen receptors of T cells or B cells?
What is the term used to indicate molecules recognized specifically by antigen receptors of T cells or B cells?
What alerts the adaptive immune response that it needs help to eradicate infection?
What alerts the adaptive immune response that it needs help to eradicate infection?
What does the adaptive immune system use to clear infection?
What does the adaptive immune system use to clear infection?
What is the term used to refer to the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes in the immune system?
What is the term used to refer to the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes in the immune system?
Which cells develop in the bone marrow?
Which cells develop in the bone marrow?
What is used to define the type of lymphocyte and its function?
What is used to define the type of lymphocyte and its function?
Which cells help B cells to produce antibody and promote macrophage killing?
Which cells help B cells to produce antibody and promote macrophage killing?
What cells kill cells infected with intracellular pathogens?
What cells kill cells infected with intracellular pathogens?
What are antibodies also known as?
What are antibodies also known as?
How many heavy and light chains comprise antibodies?
How many heavy and light chains comprise antibodies?
What do antibodies have that are identical?
What do antibodies have that are identical?
Where do B cells synthesize antibodies in response to antigenic stimulation?
Where do B cells synthesize antibodies in response to antigenic stimulation?
What do the end terminus of each heavy chain associate with to create the two antibody binding domains?
What do the end terminus of each heavy chain associate with to create the two antibody binding domains?
What is the major effector of the adaptive immune response through the production of cytokines, cytotoxic molecules, and antibody?
What is the major effector of the adaptive immune response through the production of cytokines, cytotoxic molecules, and antibody?
Which antibody predominates on the secondary immune response?
Which antibody predominates on the secondary immune response?
What is the first antibody to appear in the immune response?
What is the first antibody to appear in the immune response?
What is the form of hypersensitivity that allergy represents?
What is the form of hypersensitivity that allergy represents?
What is the term used to indicate a reaction against self?
What is the term used to indicate a reaction against self?
What type of immune deficiency is exemplified by Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency?
What type of immune deficiency is exemplified by Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency?
What is the cause of immunodeficiency in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
What is the cause of immunodeficiency in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
What is the result of an interaction between antigen and IgE?
What is the result of an interaction between antigen and IgE?
What is the term used to indicate a breakdown of B or T cell self-tolerance?
What is the term used to indicate a breakdown of B or T cell self-tolerance?
What type of immune deficiency may present shortly after birth?
What type of immune deficiency may present shortly after birth?
What is the role of long-lived memory cells in the immune response?
What is the role of long-lived memory cells in the immune response?
What is the function of the Fc region of antibodies?
What is the function of the Fc region of antibodies?
Which cells recognize antigens through B cell receptors (BCRs) containing antibody molecules?
Which cells recognize antigens through B cell receptors (BCRs) containing antibody molecules?
What do memory B cells enable upon re-exposure to antigens?
What do memory B cells enable upon re-exposure to antigens?
What do T cell receptors (TCRs) recognize?
What do T cell receptors (TCRs) recognize?
What is the function of helper T cells (CD4 positive)?
What is the function of helper T cells (CD4 positive)?
What do innate immune cells express?
What do innate immune cells express?
Where do B lymphocytes mature?
Where do B lymphocytes mature?
Where do T lymphocytes mature?
Where do T lymphocytes mature?
What do naive T cells with potentially useful receptors against foreign antigens do?
What do naive T cells with potentially useful receptors against foreign antigens do?
What are the functions of antibodies?
What are the functions of antibodies?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Innate Immune Response Overview
- Innate immune response is non-specific and recognizes molecular patterns common to a wide range of microbes
- It does not generate a memory response and is less effective upon repeated exposure to the same microbe
- Sentinel cells are the guards of the immune system and recognize invading pathogens in tissues
- Dendritic cells capture microbial antigens and present them to T lymphocytes
- Phagocytes engulf and kill invading organisms, alerting the adaptive immune system
- Innate lymphoid cells primarily kill infected or transformed cells and produce cytokines
- Cytokines are small proteins used for communication in the immune system
- Acute phase proteins increase during an inflammatory response and are synthesized in the liver
- Complement components recruit more cells to the area of infection and coat pathogens for ingestion
- Pattern recognition receptors on sentinel cells recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)
- Inflammatory mediators released by sentinel cells cause signs of inflammation and help kill pathogens
- Antigen presenting cells, like dendritic cells, present pathogen fragments to T cells in the lymph node, leading to activation and proliferation
Overview of the Immune System and Lymphocyte Function
- The Fc region of antibodies has various functions such as complement activation and interaction with immune cells through Fc receptor binding.
- Different types of antibodies (IgG, IgE, IgD, IgA, IgM) have distinct functions, such as agglutination, mucosal protection, and mast cell activation.
- B cells recognize antigens through B cell receptors (BCRs) containing antibody molecules, and can differentiate into plasma cells, which produce antibodies.
- Memory B cells are produced to enable a quicker and stronger response upon re-exposure to antigens.
- Antibodies, secreted versions of B cell receptors, bind and neutralize pathogens, and can activate complement to kill pathogens.
- T cells have T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize specific antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
- Helper T cells (CD4 positive) help B cells produce antibodies, while cytotoxic T cells (CD8 positive) kill virus-infected cells.
- Regulatory T cells (CD4 positive) suppress the activity of other immune cells to control the immune response.
- Innate immune cells express pattern recognition receptors, while B and T cells have unique receptors recognizing specific antigens.
- Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules present antigens to T cells and are highly variable and polymorphic.
- B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow, while T lymphocytes mature in the thymus, and both leave the primary organs to encounter antigens in secondary lymphoid organs.
- Naive T cells with potentially useful receptors against foreign antigens are exported from the thymus and circulate the body.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
