40 Questions
What is the function of IL-13 in promoting the expulsion of parasites?
Stimulate smooth muscle cells to contract
How do mast cells contribute to the immune response against parasitic helminths?
Releasing toxic mediators
What is the major basic protein (MBP) released by eosinophils responsible for?
Killing parasites
What is the role of mast cell granules in the immune response?
Release histamine and increase vascular permeability
Which cells express receptors recognizing the Fc portion of IgE for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?
Mast cells
What is the function of M1 macrophages in response to helminth infections?
Activate granulocytes
What is the main effector function of TH1 cells?
Activating macrophages to kill intracellular pathogens
Which cytokines can basophils secrete in the immune response?
IL-4 and IL-13
Which transcriptional regulator is associated with TH2 cells?
GATA-3
What is the main function of M2 macrophages in the immune response to parasites?
Contribute to tissue repair
In response to helminths and parasites, which cytokine plays a crucial role in activating eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils?
IL-4
What can happen if there is dysregulation in TH2 responses?
Development of autoimmune disorders
What do parasitic helminths often cause when infecting animals and humans?
Chronic infection that is not easy to treat
Which type of macrophages aid tissue repair and participate in worm killing and expulsion?
M2 Macrophages
Which cytokine is crucial for promoting smooth muscle contraction and increasing mucus production in response to parasitic infections?
IL-13
In the context of granuloma formation, which process is associated with the activation of M2 macrophages?
Tissue repair
Which protein released by eosinophils is responsible for causing damage to parasites in the immune response?
Major Basic Protein (MBP)
In the immune response, which cell type is primarily responsible for the release of histamine?
Mast cells
What is the main function of IL-13 in promoting the expulsion of parasites from the body?
Increasing mucus production
During helminth infections, which cell type is most likely to release toxic mediators onto parasites?
M2 macrophages
Which cell type contributes significantly to smooth muscle contraction and increased vascular permeability during allergic responses?
Mast cells
What is the main role of Eosinophils in response to parasitic infections, besides releasing Major Basic Protein?
Promoting CTL activation
When mast cells are activated during an allergic response, what do they release to induce inflammation and attract other immune cells?
Histamine
What is the primary role of IL-13 in promoting the expulsion of parasites?
Enhancing smooth muscle cell contraction
Which of the following is a function of M2 macrophages in response to parasites?
Forming granulomas to entrap worms
What is the major basic protein (MBP) released by eosinophils primarily responsible for?
Killing parasites
Which of the following is NOT a function of eosinophils in response to parasitic helminths?
Activating M2 macrophages
What is the primary role of smooth muscle contraction in the context of helminth infections?
Stimulating worm expulsion
How do mast cells contribute to parasite expulsion?
Releasing toxic mediators onto parasites
What is the main effector function of eosinophils in response to parasitic helminths?
Killing parasites through MBP release
What is the consequence of IL-13 on eosinophil activation?
Increasing histamine release
What is the role of IL-13 in response to parasitic infections?
Promotes smooth muscle contraction
What is a primary function of M2 macrophages in the immune response?
Promoting granuloma formation
What is the main trigger for histamine release from mast cells?
Cross-linking of IgE on mast cell surfaces
What happens when mast cells release histamine?
Stimulation of vascular permeability
Which cytokine is primarily responsible for activating M2 macrophages?
Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
What is the primary effect of Major Basic Protein (MBP) released by eosinophils?
Causing damage to helminths
What is the role of IL-13 in the immune response to parasites?
Promotes smooth muscle contraction
In the context of helminth infections, which statement about IL-13 is correct?
Promotes goblet cell proliferation
Which molecule released by eosinophils is crucial for parasite damage?
IL-5
Learn about TH 2 effector functions in the immune response, including promoting cell turnover, increasing mucus production, and enhancing worm expulsion. Explore the role of IL-13 in stimulating smooth muscle contraction and mucous production to aid in parasite expulsion.
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