Textile Finishing Processes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of sublimation printing?

The inks turn into gas and are absorbed by the material. (correct)

It requires a lengthy drying time after application.

The printed design is temporary.

It uses water-based inks.

Which printing method is characterized by its use of a perforated cylindrical screen?

Screen printing

Block printing

Rotary printing (correct)

Digital printing

What is a defining feature of screen printing?

It uses engravings to apply patterns.

It requires a complex machinery setup.

Inks do not penetrate the surface.

A stencil is created using a mesh screen. (correct)

Which textile printing technique is the earliest and simplest?

Block printing Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinct advantage of rotary printing compared to digital printing?

It allows for greater process control. Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanical finishing process involves passing cloth between rollers to create different surface textures?

Calendering Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of applying a wash and wear finish to cotton fabric?

To make it wrinkle-free Signup and view all the answers

Which process is used to create a fibrous surface on fabric for an improved appearance?

Sueding Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the raising or napping process have on the fabric?

Provides greater warmth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common mechanical finish?

Dyeing Signup and view all the answers

What is a purpose of embossing in textile finishing?

To engrave patterns in relief Signup and view all the answers

What type of fabric would most likely undergo compressive shrinkage?

Man-made fibers Signup and view all the answers

What does a higher SPF value indicate regarding UV protection?

Better protection against UV radiation Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanical finishing process can give fabric a smooth and glossy appearance?

Calendering Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes color bleeding in fabrics?

Color transfer to adjacent fibers Signup and view all the answers

How does textile printing differ from dyeing?

Printing applies colors in specific patterns rather than uniformly Signup and view all the answers

Digital textile printing is commonly referred to as what?

Direct-to-garment printing Signup and view all the answers

What primary process does heat transfer printing utilize?

Heat to transfer an image Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the resistance of a material to color change or transfer?

Color fastness Signup and view all the answers

Sublimation printing primarily involves what kind of process?

Transfer of dye using heat and pressure Signup and view all the answers

What does 'fading' refer to in the context of color fastness?

Change and lightening of the color Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pre and Post Treatment on Fabrics

Textile finishing is a process that prepares manufactured textiles for consumers, enhancing surface appearance and adding other desirable qualities.
To achieve desired functional properties, the fiber or fabric is subjected to physical and chemical treatments.
An example is a "wash and wear" finish, which makes a cotton fabric crease-free or wrinkle-resistant.

Textile Finishes - Types

Mechanical Finishing: These methods use physical principles like friction, temperature, pressure, and tension.
- Calendering: Passing cloth between rollers under controlled heat and pressure to create textures like smooth, supple, compact, flat, and glazed.
- Compacting: Employing heat and pressure to shrink man-made fibers and knitted fabrics, producing a crepe or bulky texture.
- Embossing: A calendering process, using a heated metal bowl engraved with a pattern, to create raised patterns on fabric.
- Sueding: Abrading fabric on one or both sides to create a fibrous surface, improving appearance, giving a softer hand, and masking construction flaws.
- Raising/Napping: Raising fibers on the fabric's surface using teasels or rollers, creating warmth, a softer hand, and a more compact feel. This is often seen in blankets and flannels.
- Shearing: Removing loose threads to improve fabric finish.
- Decatizing: A process to set fibers, enhancing luster and improving hand feel, often involving hot water or steam.
- Wool Glazing: Finishing wool fabrics after raising, using a special machine for finishing and functional outcomes.
- Sanforizing: Controlling fabric shrinkage using a sanforizer to achieve optimal dimensional stability.
Chemical Finishing: These use chemicals to change fabric properties.
- Softening: Improving fabric softness, considering the substrate's properties.
- Elastomeric Finish: Enhancing elasticity, specifically crucial for knitwear (achieved with silicone-based products). Fabric should regain shape after being stretched.
- Crease Resistant: Applied to easily wrinkled fabrics (like cotton, linen, rayon) to prevent wrinkling and maintain creases/pleats.
- Flame Retardant: Applied to combustible fabrics (children's sleepwear, carpets) to prevent highly flammable textiles from bursting into flames.
- Anti-pilling: Reducing the formation of tangled fibers and 'pills' on fabrics.
- Stain and Soil Resistant: Preventing soil and stains; resistant to oily or water-born soil.
- Waterproof: Keeps water from penetrating, but can be uncomfortable as it traps moisture next to the body.
- Anti-static: Reducing static electricity accumulation.
- Antibacterial: Applying antimicrobial agents to the textile to prevent growth of micro-organisms.
- UV Protection: Protects skin from UV radiation, usually by deflecting UV rays.
- Color Fastness Improvement: Resistance to color change or transfer .

Textile Finish Requirements & Factors

Must be suitable for all fiber types and suitable intended use.
Should have desired durability for intended use.
Cannot negatively affect fabric's look, feel, strength, comfort, or abrasion resistance
No yellowing of white fabric.
No changes to fabric color (if already dyed or printed).
Easy application/removal, with good storage and shelf life.
Compatible with other components, if necessary.
Easily correctable if applied incorrectly.
Sustainable (doesn't harm the environment).

Fabric Printing

Textile Printing: Applies color to fabrics in defined designs or patterns. The color bonds with the fiber, making it resistant to washing and friction.
Digital Textile Printing: Uses direct-to-garment or DTG technology, specialized/modified inkjet technology for printing on textiles and garments.
Heat Transfer: Uses heat to transfer an image from a wax sheet (or dye) to a garment/object
Sublimation Printing: A digital printing process using heat, pressure, and time to transfer dye onto different materials. The inks turn into a gas and the fabric absorbs them creating a permanent and vibrant print.
Rotary Printing: A continuous method using a perforated cylindrical screen and colored pigment/dye to print on fabrics.
Screen Printing: Ink is forced through a mesh screen on a surface; blocking certain areas to create a stencil and printed design.
Block Printing: Uses engraved wooden blocks to create patterns on fabrics.

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Description

Test your knowledge on textile finishing processes, including the various physical and chemical treatments used to enhance fabric properties. Learn about mechanical finishing techniques like calendering, compacting, embossing, and sueding. Discover how these methods improve the appearance and functionality of textiles.