T1 L12: Autoimmune diseases 1 (MTz)
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Questions and Answers

Which gene is responsible for regulating the ectopic expression of tissue-specific antigens in the thymus?

  • FoxP3 gene
  • MHC gene
  • AIRE gene (correct)
  • HLA gene

    • What is the key feature of IPEX (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-Linked) syndrome?

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (correct)
  • Autoimmune adrenal disease
  • Cleft palate
  • Candidiasis

    • What is the main trigger for coeliac disease in predisposed individuals?

  • Antibodies
  • Gluten (correct)
  • Autoantigens
  • Viral infection

    • What is the mechanism of tissue damage in coeliac disease?

    <p>T cell-mediated damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes autoimmunity?

    <p>A failure of tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of negative selection in the immune system?

    <p>To reduce autoreactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some mechanisms of peripheral tolerance?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following autoimmune diseases is classified as multi-system?

    <p>Systemic lupus erythematosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following autoimmune diseases is believed to have a possible link with Coxsackie Virus?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major defined genetic risk factor for type 1 diabetes?

    <p>HLA class II alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viral infection is thought to be a major requirement for the subsequent development of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>EBV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy has been found to be effective for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Rituximab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is associated with tissue damage directly mediated by T cell-dependent mechanisms?

    <p>Type IV hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cells are responsible for damaging tissue directly in autoimmune diseases?

    <p>CD8 T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's thyroiditis), which immune cells infiltrate the thyroid and contribute to its autoimmune destruction?

    <p>CD4 T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Charles Janeway, what is the most accurate way to consider autoimmune responses?

    <p>Autoimmune responses require T cells, B cells, and antigen-presenting cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used to detect antibodies in blood by adding a detection antibody labeled with a fluorescent marker?

    <p>Direct immunofluorescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target antigen in bullous skin disease pemphigus?

    <p>Intercellular cement protein desmoglein 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is associated with antibodies binding to the endomysium of smooth muscle fibers?

    <p>Coeliac disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used to detect antibodies in blood by incubating patient serum containing (or not) relevant antibodies with a detection antibody labeled with a fluorescent marker?

    <p>Indirect immunofluorescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key aim of the lectures on autoimmune diseases?

    <p>To list a wide range of organ-specific and multisystem autoimmune diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe immune responses to self-antigens?

    <p>Autoimmunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a learning outcome mentioned in the text?

    <p>Draw a picture of a solid-phase immunoassay system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of hypersensitivity mentioned in the lectures on autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Types 2, 3, and 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the target antigen found in modern immunoassays for coeliac disease?

    <p>Tissue tranglutaminase (tTG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of INTRINSIC FACTOR in the absorption of Vitamin B12?

    <p>It is a cofactor required for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of autoimmune destruction of the gastric parietal cells in pernicious anaemia?

    <p>Loss of Vitamin B12 absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a possible manifestation of Vitamin B12 depletion in pernicious anaemia?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of plasmapharesis in antibody-mediated diseases?

    <p>To remove antibodies from the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for treating the consequences of autoimmune diseases instead of the immunology itself?

    <p>The damage may already have been done</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field of study overlaps with transplantation work and is complex to understand?

    <p>HLA associations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the immune system's ability to tolerate self-antigens?

    <p>Tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is associated with tissue damage directly mediated by T cell-dependent mechanisms?

    <p>Type IV hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main trigger for coeliac disease in predisposed individuals?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is associated with tissue damage directly mediated by T cell-dependent mechanisms?

    <p>Type IV hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of underactive thyroid in industrialized countries?

    <p>Iodine deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cells infiltrate the thyroid in autoimmune hypothyroidism?

    <p>T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major difference between studying antibodies and studying auto reactive T cells?

    <p>Antibodies can be easily raised and purified, while auto reactive T cells are difficult to study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of autoimmune diseases?

    <p>They are always inflammatory disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of positive selection in the immune system?

    <p>To generate a repertoire of naive B and T cell receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of somatic recombination in the generation of adaptive immune receptors?

    <p>To generate a repertoire of naive B and T cell receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between autoimmunity and autoimmune disease?

    <p>Autoimmune disease is a failure of immune tolerance, while autoimmunity is not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

    <p>Activation of complement on the surface of red cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of visual symptoms in Graves Disease?

    <p>Bulging of the eyeballs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of autoimmune thrombocytopenia?

    <p>Bruising and nosebleeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature of plasmapheresis in the treatment of antibody-mediated diseases?

    <p>Removal of pathogenic antibodies from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is characterized by an antibody that activates the thyroid follicles to produce excessive thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety?

    <p>Graves Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which autoimmune disease do antibodies directed against the acetylcholine receptor block the transmission of signals to the muscle, causing muscle weakness and fatigue?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is associated with an antibody that activates the muscle, causing the release of histamine and resulting in itchy rash and hives?

    <p>Spontaneous urticaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of autoimmunity is characterized by the presence of pathogenic autoantibodies that directly cause the disease?

    <p>Type 2 autoimmunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is associated with tissue damage directly mediated by T cell-dependent mechanisms?

    <p>Type IV hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for treating the consequences of autoimmune diseases instead of the immunology itself?

    <p>The immunology of autoimmune diseases is not well understood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a possible manifestation of Vitamin B12 depletion in pernicious anaemia?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of INTRINSIC FACTOR in the absorption of Vitamin B12?

    <p>It binds to Vitamin B12 and facilitates its transport across the intestinal lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Charles Janeway, what is the most accurate way to consider autoimmune responses?

    <p>Autoimmune responses engage the integrated immune system and require T cells, B cells, and antigen presenting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for treating the consequences of autoimmune diseases instead of the immunology itself?

    <p>Treating the consequences of autoimmune diseases is easier and more effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some key components required for autoimmune responses?

    <p>T cells and B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it a mistake to think of one part of the immune system working in isolation?

    <p>The immune system is incredibly complex and interconnected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune diseases are mentioned as examples of more complex diseases?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of autoimmune destruction of the gastric parietal cells in pernicious anaemia?

    <p>Impaired absorption of Vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

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