L12 (T1): The aetiology and pathophysiology of obesity
60 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not listed as an obesity-associated comorbidity?

  • Osteoporosis (correct)
  • Depression
  • Gallstones
  • Asthma

    • What is the nadir BMI for men and women, respectively?

  • $24.3, 25.3$
  • $22.0, 23.0$
  • $23.0, 22.0$
  • $25.3, 24.3$ (correct)

    • What is the approximate chance of reaching age 70 for individuals with a BMI of 35-40?

  • 50%
  • 60% (correct)
  • 40%
  • 70%

    • Which type of diabetes is not mentioned as being associated with obesity?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative risk of death as BMI increases?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a treatment option for obesity mentioned in the text?

    <p>Acupuncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the listed cancers is not associated with obesity?

    <p>Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range for the highest BMI category mentioned in the text?

    <p>40–50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the Prospective Studies Collaboration data mentioned in the text?

    <p>Cardiovascular risk factors in male subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does metabolic syndrome include?

    <p>Closely associated cardiovascular risk factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does adiposity and fat distribution impact metabolic health?

    <p>It has a significant impact on metabolic health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome?

    <p>Closely associated with the Metabolic Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the factors contributing to increased risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) according to the text?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main approaches mentioned for the treatment of obesity?

    <p>Medication, surgery, and lifestyle changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus achieved 15 kg weight loss or more with Very Low Calorie Diets (VLCD)?

    <p>24%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary composite outcomes in the time-to-event analysis for GLP1 receptor agonists?

    <p>Death from cardiovascular causes, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of metabolic surgery for BMI ≥40 over 20 years?

    <p>£2000 - £4000 per QALY</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pharmacotherapy drug has specific licensing criteria and is known as Victoza for T2DM treatment and Saxenda for obesity?

    <p>Liraglutide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended BMI threshold for expedited bariatric surgery for those with recent onset T2DM?

    <p>BMI &gt;35</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential complications of metabolic surgery mentioned in the text?

    <p>Nutrient deficiencies, dumping syndrome, hypoglycemia, and significant nutritional disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients achieved remission of T2DM with Very Low Calorie Diets (VLCD)?

    <p>46%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to NHS England 2013 guidelines, how long must patients be obese before being eligible for weight loss surgery?

    <p>At least 5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of services are tier 3 services in weight management?

    <p>Commissioned by local authorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key aspect of effective communication with patients about weight management?

    <p>Seeking permission and avoiding judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of Emily's journey with weight management services?

    <p>17% weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did genetic testing reveal about Emily?

    <p>She had a GPR10 mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of tier 3 services like Feeling Good and Why Weight in West Sussex and South Coast?

    <p>Psychological support without face-to-face medical assessments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Emily's journey involve before significant weight loss?

    <p>Individual funding request for Liraglutide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the challenges and variations in tier 3 services point to?

    <p>The need for standardized, medically-informed pathways for obesity management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Emily's journey underscore the significance of?

    <p>Personalized treatment plans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential impact of living with obesity on physical functioning, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Early onset of arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main categories into which the health consequences of living with obesity are divided, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Mechanical complications and metabolic complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of complications are associated with living in a larger body, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Metabolic and mechanical complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential metabolic problem associated with living with obesity, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of human biology does the text suggest plays a role in the health consequences of obesity?

    <p>Genetics and human evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do gut hormones and central hormones have a significant connection to, based on the text?

    <p>Metabolic complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily calorie restriction range for traditional weight loss?

    <p>500 to 1000 calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is not mentioned as potentially leading to significant weight gain and affecting satiety?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of weight loss may not significantly impact the quality of life for individuals with a high body mass index?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific assessment may be recommended for liver assessment in the clinic?

    <p>Fibro scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of treatment mentioned in the text?

    <p>Improving health and reducing comorbidities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may not significantly be impacted by a modest weight loss?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not listed as an obesity-associated comorbidity?

    <p>Heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of cirrhosis and chronic liver disease, surpassing alcohol as a risk factor?

    <p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mental health issue is commonly associated with obesity?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of frequent awakening during sleep in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea?

    <p>Airway obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for obstructive sleep apnea mentioned in the text?

    <p>A mask that keeps the windpipe open by blowing air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading risk factor for certain cancers, overtaking smoking?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients achieved remission of type 2 diabetes with a very low-calorie diet of 830 calories a day for 3 to 5 months?

    <p>46%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chance of inducing remission of type 2 diabetes by losing over 10% of body weight through the direct trial?

    <p>73%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of moderate to high-intensity activity daily for reducing the risk of mortality?

    <p>30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential side effect of Orlistat, a prescription pancreatic lipase inhibitor?

    <p>Flatulence and oily stools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as beneficial for reducing the risk of mortality in the context of physical activity?

    <p>Increasing physical activity, even in small ways such as standing during commercials or walking in the hallway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the legacy effect observed on pancreas sensitivity even after regaining some weight following a very low-calorie diet?

    <p>Legacy effect on pancreas sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage chance of reaching 70 years old for individuals with a BMI of 40-50?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what BMI is it rare to have no comorbidities?

    <p>BMI of 60</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of curve indicates that both low and high BMIs are associated with higher mortality rates?

    <p>U-shaped curve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what BMI does the presence of comorbidities start?

    <p>BMI of 25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the South Asian population's heightened risk for metabolic syndrome at lower BMIs primarily attribute to?

    <p>Waist-hip ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What poses significant cardiovascular risks, including high cholesterol and insulin resistance, and is associated with central obesity?

    <p>Metabolic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Weight Management Services and Patient Journey

    • NHS England 2013 guidelines for weight loss surgery require patients to be obese for at least 5 years and engage in a non-surgical weight-loss program for 12-24 months first.
    • Weight management services in the community follow a tiered approach with varying structures, outcomes, and lengths of engagement.
    • Tier 3 services, a barrier to early effective care, are commissioned by local authorities and may have limited medical input in decision-making for surgery referrals.
    • In West Sussex and South Coast, tier 3 services like Feeling Good and Why Weight offer psychological support without face-to-face medical assessments.
    • Effective communication with patients about weight management involves using empowering language, seeking permission, and avoiding judgment.
    • Emily's case study illustrates her struggle with weight gain from a young age, multiple treatments, and surgeries, including a gastric band and bypass.
    • Emily's journey involved a referral to tier 3 services, individual funding request for Liraglutide, and subsequent significant weight loss.
    • Genetic testing revealed Emily's GPR10 mutation, leading to pharmacotherapy and revision surgery recommendations.
    • Emily's positive outcome with weight management services, including a 17% weight loss, highlights the impact of effective care on patients' lives.
    • The text emphasizes the importance of providing comprehensive and consistent weight management services in the community to address the complexities of obesity.
    • The challenges and variations in tier 3 services point to the need for standardized, medically-informed pathways for obesity management.
    • Emily's journey underscores the significance of personalized treatment plans and the potential impact of genetic factors on obesity management and treatment outcomes.

    Impact of Obesity on Health

    • Obesity is linked to various health issues, including asthma, fatty liver disease, subfertility, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.
    • Living with obesity increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer.
    • As obesity increases, the likelihood of developing comorbidities also increases.
    • By the time an individual reaches a BMI of 60, it is rare to have no comorbidities.
    • The presence of comorbidities starts at a BMI of 25 and can be influenced by ethnic background and weight distribution.
    • A U-shaped curve indicates that both low and high BMIs are associated with higher mortality rates.
    • Physiological reserve becomes increasingly important for older individuals with lower BMIs, as mortality rates rise in this group.
    • Obesity decreases life expectancy, with a BMI of 40-50 reducing the chance of reaching 70 years old to about 50%.
    • Metabolic syndrome, associated with central obesity, poses significant cardiovascular risks, including high cholesterol and insulin resistance.
    • Insulin resistance is highlighted as a key factor in the development of metabolic syndrome and associated health risks.
    • The South Asian population may be at heightened risk for metabolic syndrome at lower BMIs due to waist-hip ratio.
    • Fat is not inert and can produce substances that contribute to insulin resistance, inflammation, and vascular problems.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    brighton yr 2 lectures 2023 part two.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge about weight management services and the patient journey with this quiz. Explore the guidelines for weight loss surgery, tiered approaches to weight management services, patient communication, and a case study highlighting the impact of personalized treatment plans and genetic factors on obesity management.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser