Questions and Answers
What was Mahatma Gandhi's profession?
Lawyer
Where did Gandhi employ nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights?
South Africa
What did Gandhi campaign for in India?
All of the above
What was Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on?
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What did Gandhi do to stop the religious violence after India's partition?
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Study Notes
- Mahatma Gandhi was an Indian lawyer, nationalist, and political ethicist.
- He employed nonviolent resistance to lead India's successful campaign for independence from British rule.
- Gandhi inspired civil rights and freedom movements across the world.
- He was born in coastal Gujarat in 1869 and trained in law in London.
- Gandhi lived in South Africa for 21 years and employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights.
- He returned to India in 1915 and organized peasants, farmers, and urban laborers to protest against discrimination and excessive land-tax.
- Gandhi led campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, and ending untouchability.
- He was imprisoned many times in both South Africa and India.
- Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism was challenged by Muslim nationalism.
- In August 1947, Britain granted independence to India, but the country was partitioned into two dominions, India and Pakistan, leading to religious violence. Gandhi tried to alleviate the distress and undertook several hunger strikes to stop the violence.
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