Test Your Knowledge on Aortic Valve Stenosis

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What are some symptoms of heart failure in infants?

Breathlessness, sweating, poor feeding, recurrent chest infections.

What are some signs of heart failure in infants?

Poor weight gain or faltering growth, tachypnoea, tachycardia, heart murmur, gallop rhythm, enlarged heart, hepatomegaly, cool peripheries.

What percentage of infants with significant cardiac disease have extracardiac anomalies?

25%

What is the most common system affected by extracardiac anomalies in infants with CHD?

Musculoskeletal system Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between extracardiac anomalies and mortality in infants with CHD?

The presence of an extracardiac anomaly significantly increases mortality in infants with CHD. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between foetal circulation and adult circulation?

Foetal circulation involves the placenta as a source of oxygen and nutrients, while adult circulation relies on the lungs for oxygenation. Signup and view all the answers

What are some common congenital cardiovascular abnormalities?

Congenital heart defects such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and tetralogy of Fallot. Signup and view all the answers

How can congenital cardiovascular disease present?

Congenital cardiovascular disease can present with symptoms such as cyanosis, shortness of breath, and poor growth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the management of congenital cardiovascular disease?

The management of congenital cardiovascular disease depends on the specific defect, but may include medication, surgery, or catheter-based interventions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main finding of the referenced study?

The main finding of the referenced study is that extracardiac anomalies are common in infants with significant cardiac disease, and their presence is associated with increased mortality. Signup and view all the answers

What is the embryological cause of atrial septal defect?

Failure of proper development of septum secundum or failure of closure of ostium primum Signup and view all the answers

What is the embryological cause of ventricular septal defect?

Defect either in membranous or muscular portion of IV septum or failure of fusion of membranous or muscular portions Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common congenital heart defect?

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Signup and view all the answers

What is the embryological cause of Tetralogy of Fallot?

Unequal division of conus cordis with resultant anterior displacement (malalignment) of the aorticopulmonary septum Signup and view all the answers

What is the embryological cause of Transposition of the great vessels?

Failure of the aorticopulmonary (conotruncal) septum to spiral Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of Coarctation of aorta?

No clear cause; contraction of ductus arteriosus Signup and view all the answers

What are some risk factors for the development of congenital heart defects?

Chromosomal abnormalities, prematurity, low birth weight, prostaglandins, high altitude and low atmospheric oxygen tension, hypoxia Signup and view all the answers