Heart Development and Formation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the first major system to function in the embryo?

  • Cardiovascular system (correct)
  • Respiratory system
  • Musculoskeletal system
  • Nervous system

    • Which structure is described as a quadrangular space that precedes the atria?

  • Aortic arch
  • Pulmonary trunk
  • Cardiac loop
  • Sinus venosus (correct)

    • During which week does the primordial heart and vascular system appear?

  • Week 1
  • Week 5
  • Week 3 (correct)
  • Week 6

    • What embryonic layer primarily contributes to the development of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the cardiogenic area located initially?

    <p>Anterior to the future mouth and forebrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process brings paired cardiac tubes together to form a single tube?

    <p>Lateral folding of the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens as the forebrain grows in relation to the heart?

    <p>It shifts to lie above the heart in the thorax position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure receives blood from the left and right sinus horns?

    <p>Sinus venosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the left horn of the sinus venosus?

    <p>It gets smaller and remains as the coronary sinus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure maintains blood flow between the atria during septum formation?

    <p>Septum secundum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the endocardial cushions in the heart development?

    <p>To divide the heart's chambers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the opening left by the septum secundum after birth?

    <p>Fossa ovalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures develops from the right horn of the sinus venosus?

    <p>Valves of the inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is directly involved in the fusion of the septum primum and the endocardial cushions?

    <p>Ostium primum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape does the septum primum resemble during its development?

    <p>Sickle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is formed by merging perforations in the septum primum?

    <p>Ostium secundum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must students acknowledge regarding the faculty members during the use of class recordings?

    <p>Students must acknowledge the faculty members’ intellectual property rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the distribution of recorded lectures?

    <p>Distributing recordings without consent is an Honor Code violation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the emotional aspects of viewing past lecture recordings?

    <p>Students must maintain the privacy rights of other students during recordings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do students agree to regarding the usage of recordings?

    <p>Recordings are to be accessed and used only as directed by faculty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT listed as a consequence of not agreeing to the terms for class recordings?

    <p>Prohibition from attending the course.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which embryonic tissues are essential for developing cardiovascular structures?

    <p>Mesoderm is primarily responsible for cardiovascular structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the content regarding heart anomalies?

    <p>Physical exam findings used to diagnose congenital heart anomalies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change occurs in circulation after birth, according to developmental studies?

    <p>Circulation shifts from fetal to adult patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the atrioventricular (AV) valves during development?

    <p>Local proliferations of mesenchyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures attach the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles?

    <p>Chordae tendineae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Ebstein anomaly?

    <p>Displacement of the tricuspid valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the migration of cardiac neural crest cells?

    <p>Contribution to outflow tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can result from disruption in outflow tract development?

    <p>Tetralogy of Fallot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the muscular cords that attach the valves during development?

    <p>They are replaced by dense connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a tricuspid valve that is displaced towards the apex of the right ventricle?

    <p>Ebstein anomaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do conotruncal ridges grow to divide?

    <p>Aortic and pulmonary channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary defect in transposition of the great vessels?

    <p>The aorta originates from the right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with tetralogy of Fallot?

    <p>Atrial septal defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the interventricular septum is responsible for closing the IV foramen?

    <p>Membranous part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common factor associated with ventricular septal defects?

    <p>Failure of conotruncal partitioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of birth defect is associated with a conotruncal septum failing to take a spiral course?

    <p>Transposition of the great vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the incidence of ventricular septal defects?

    <p>12/10,000 births</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cell type influences the formation of semilunar valves?

    <p>Neural crest cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of congenital heart defect is characterized as acyanotic?

    <p>Ventricular septal defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Heart Development

    • The cardiovascular system is the first major system to function in the embryo
    • The primordial heart and the vascular system appear in the middle of the third week
    • The rapidly growing embryo can no longer satisfy its nutritional and oxygen requirements from diffusion
    • The heart is derived from mesoderm with contributions from the neural crest

    Formation and Position of the Heart Tube

    • The cardiogenic area is originally anterior to the future mouth and forebrain
    • The forebrain grows over the heart to lie in the thorax position
    • The lateral folding of the embryo brings paired cardiac tubes together as a single tube

    Development of the Sinus Venosus

    • The sinus venosus is a quadrangular space that precedes the atria
    • The sinus venosus receives all blood for the embryo from the left and right sinus horns
    • The left sinus horns contributes veins that degenerate and form the coronary sinus
    • The right sinus horn enlarges from the shunting of blood
    • The right sinus horn develops into the valves of the IVC and the valves of the coronary sinus

    Formation of Cardiac Septa

    • Endocardial cushions are growing masses of endocardium that project into the lumen to divide a canal
    • These endocardial cushions form atrioventricular septa to divide the common atria
    • The septum primum is a sickle-shaped crest that grows from the roof of the common atrium towards the endocardial cushions in the atrioventricular canal
    • The ostium primum is an opening between the lower rim of the septum primum and the atrioventricular opening
    • The ostium secundum are merging perforations in the septum primum that maintain blood flow between the atria
    • The septum secundum is a crescent-shaped fold from the incorporation of the sinus horn in the right atrium
    • The oval foramen is an opening left by the septum secundum, and this closes off after birth
    • The oval foramen becomes the fossa ovalis after birth

    Atrioventricular Valves

    • Local proliferations of mesenchyme become fibrous and form the AV valves
    • Muscular cords attaching the valves degenerate and are replaced by dense connective tissues
    • The valves are attached to the papillary muscles by chordae tendineae

    Septum Formation in the Outflow Tract

    • Cardiac neural crest cells migrate to contribute to the outflow tract, disruption of migration can cause birth defects like tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary stenosis, persistent truncus arteriosus, and transposition of great vessels
    • The conotruncal ridges grow and divide the outflow tract into the aortic and pulmonary channels

    Ventricular Septal Defects

    • Occur in membranous or muscular portions
    • Are associated with abnormal partitioning in the conotruncal region

    Tetralogy of Fallot

    • The unequal division of the conus due to the anterior displacement of the conotruncal septum
    • This defect is associated with a patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary stenosis

    Transposition of the Great Vessels

    • The conotruncal septum fails to take a spiral course and goes straight down
    • The aorta originates from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle
    • This defect is associated with a defect in the membranous IV septum and a patent ductus arteriosus

    Septum Formation in the Ventricles

    • The medial walls expand to form the muscular IV septum
    • The membranous part of the IV septum closes the IV foramen
    • Tubercles on the main truncus swellings form the semilunar valves, swelling is influenced by neural crest cells

    Ebstein Anomaly

    • The tricuspid valve is displaced toward the apex of the right ventricle
    • This causes an expanded right atrium and a small right ventricle
    • There are also abnormal valve leaflets

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    Related Documents

    MGA 15 Heart Development Lecture 15 PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of heart development and the formation of the cardiovascular system in embryos. Explore how the heart tube forms, the role of the sinus venosus, and the anatomical positioning of the heart during early development.

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