T1: ELISA for anti Ttg IgA - Movie and mini lecture (NT)

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Which of the following is true about Eliza?

Eliza is an immunoassay

Eliza is a blood typing test

Eliza is a serological assay

Eliza is an enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (correct)

What is the purpose of immunoassays?

To interact with antigens

To detect and quantify analytes (correct)

To assess the presence of drugs or hormones

To perform blood typing

What is the specific combination utilized in immunoassays?

Antigen and antibody (correct)

Antibody and analyte

Enzyme and analyte

Antibody and enzyme

What is the term used for the action of antibody clumping together?

Agglutination (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is used as the primary antibody in this experiment?

Anti-human IGA (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the secondary antibody in this experiment?

To amplify the signal of the primary antibody (B) Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is used to measure the level of color in each well?

Spectrophotometer (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the calibration curve in this experiment?

To establish the correlation between color and concentration (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the X line in a lateral flow test for pregnancy?

To indicate a positive result (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the sensitivity of the lateral flow test for COVID when performed by trained lab scientists?

79.2% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What kind of result do we call it if the test fails to detect a positive result when the individual is actually positive?

False negative (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do the two lines in a lateral flow test represent?

Positive control and sample antigen (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the purpose of blocking with milk in the assay?

To minimize the background noise in the assay (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding a calibration curve in the assay?

To quantify the amount of antibody (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the secondary antibody conjugated to an enzyme in the assay?

To generate a measurable signal (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of washing during the assay steps?

To remove non-specifically bound substances (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the indirect Eliza format?

To capture and quantify the level of antibodies (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of the sandwich format in Eliza?

The presence of two layers of antibody (B) Signup and view all the answers

When would a competitive Eliza format be utilized?

When detecting hormones (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a lateral flow immunoassay?

To detect the level of antigens in a patient's plasma (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the enzyme in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)?

To catalyze the reaction and produce a colored product (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in performing an indirect ELISA?

Coating the plate with a protein (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the secondary antibody in an indirect ELISA?

To make the antibody visible and detectable (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the ELISA assay analyser?

To measure the level of color in the reaction (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of setting up triplicate samples in this experiment?

To assess the accuracy of the conditions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'background' refer to in this experiment?

The samples without any antibody (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the calibration curve in this experiment?

To measure the level of absorbance (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit used to measure the antibody concentration in this experiment?

L (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are triplicate samples used for the patient samples in this experiment?

To create a calibration curve (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating the standard deviation in this experiment?

To assess the accuracy of the conditions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about live-attenuated vaccines?

They can cause wild-type infection (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary infection caused by Varicella-Zoster virus?

Chickenpox (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Varicella-Zoster vaccine?

To induce cellular and humoral immunity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Varicella-Zoster vaccine not on the UK schedule at present?

VZV is a benign childhood infection (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adjuvants in vaccines?

To increase the immunogenicity of the vaccine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of active vaccines based on the antigen used?

Subunit (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a drawback of subunit vaccines?

They have weaker immune responses (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge associated with mRNA vaccines?

Inflammatory response caused by mRNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of viral vector vaccines?

They can be easily produced and adapted (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of adjuvants in vaccination?

To increase immunogenicity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of vaccine conjugation?

To deliver antigens to host cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of lenteviral vaccines?

They have high immunogenicity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is responsible for the production of the BCG vaccine?

Mycobacterium bovis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main aim of the TB vaccination?

To increase Th1 cell responses to M. tuberculosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effectiveness of the BCG vaccine in preventing disseminated TB and TB meningitis in children?

80% (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vaccines generally require boosters to maintain immunity?

Live-attenuated vaccines (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which antigenic components are targeted by protective antibody responses in influenza vaccines?

Hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adjuvants in subunit vaccines?

To boost immune response to the antigen (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of passive immunisation?

Immunisation with antibodies from a hyper-immune donor (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the process by which an individual is rendered immune through artificial means?

Vaccination (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vaccine types is NOT mentioned in the text?

Passive vaccine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the historical background of immunisation mentioned in the text?

Variolation and Jenner's use of cowpox fluid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated reduction in mortality worldwide due to immunisation?

3 million per year (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adjuvants and vaccine conjugation in vaccination?

To improve responses to vaccination (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccination?

It reduces the severity and complications of zoster in over 60s (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the Salk and Sabin polio vaccines?

Sabin vaccine is administered orally while Salk vaccine is injected (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of macrophages during primary tuberculosis infection?

To present TB antigen to MTB-specific CD4 T cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the zoster vaccination?

To reduce the incidence of zoster in individuals over 60 years old (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of spread of the polio virus during the viremia phase?

Lymphatics (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence of zoster in parallel with?

Declining cell-mediated immune responses to zoster (B) Signup and view all the answers

T1: ELISA for anti Ttg IgA - Movie and mini lecture (NT)

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about Eliza?

What is the purpose of immunoassays?

What is the specific combination utilized in immunoassays?

What is the term used for the action of antibody clumping together?

Which antibody is used as the primary antibody in this experiment?

What is the purpose of the secondary antibody in this experiment?

What instrument is used to measure the level of color in each well?

What is the purpose of the calibration curve in this experiment?

What is the purpose of the X line in a lateral flow test for pregnancy?

What is the sensitivity of the lateral flow test for COVID when performed by trained lab scientists?

What kind of result do we call it if the test fails to detect a positive result when the individual is actually positive?

What do the two lines in a lateral flow test represent?

Which of the following is the purpose of blocking with milk in the assay?

What is the purpose of adding a calibration curve in the assay?

What is the role of the secondary antibody conjugated to an enzyme in the assay?

What is the purpose of washing during the assay steps?

What is the purpose of the indirect Eliza format?

What is the basis of the sandwich format in Eliza?

When would a competitive Eliza format be utilized?

What is the purpose of a lateral flow immunoassay?

What is the purpose of the enzyme in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)?

What is the first step in performing an indirect ELISA?

What is the purpose of the secondary antibody in an indirect ELISA?

What is the main function of the ELISA assay analyser?

Which of the following best describes the purpose of setting up triplicate samples in this experiment?

What does the term 'background' refer to in this experiment?

What is the purpose of the calibration curve in this experiment?

What is the unit used to measure the antibody concentration in this experiment?

Why are triplicate samples used for the patient samples in this experiment?

What is the purpose of calculating the standard deviation in this experiment?

Which of the following is true about live-attenuated vaccines?

What is the primary infection caused by Varicella-Zoster virus?

What is the main purpose of the Varicella-Zoster vaccine?

Why is the Varicella-Zoster vaccine not on the UK schedule at present?

What is the purpose of adjuvants in vaccines?

What is the classification of active vaccines based on the antigen used?

Which of the following is a drawback of subunit vaccines?

What is the main challenge associated with mRNA vaccines?

What is the advantage of viral vector vaccines?

What is the role of adjuvants in vaccination?

What is the purpose of vaccine conjugation?

What is the main advantage of lenteviral vaccines?

Which organism is responsible for the production of the BCG vaccine?

What is the main aim of the TB vaccination?

What is the effectiveness of the BCG vaccine in preventing disseminated TB and TB meningitis in children?

Which type of vaccines generally require boosters to maintain immunity?

Which antigenic components are targeted by protective antibody responses in influenza vaccines?

What is the purpose of adjuvants in subunit vaccines?

Which of the following is an example of passive immunisation?

What is the term used for the process by which an individual is rendered immune through artificial means?

Which of the following vaccine types is NOT mentioned in the text?

What is the historical background of immunisation mentioned in the text?

What is the estimated reduction in mortality worldwide due to immunisation?

What is the purpose of adjuvants and vaccine conjugation in vaccination?

Which of the following is true about the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccination?

What is the difference between the Salk and Sabin polio vaccines?

What is the main function of macrophages during primary tuberculosis infection?

What is the purpose of the zoster vaccination?

What is the route of spread of the polio virus during the viremia phase?

What is the incidence of zoster in parallel with?

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