T1 L2: Organisation of the central nervous system: Spinal cord to the diencephalon, 13/10/23, AD T1 L2: Organisation of the central nervous system: Spinal cord to the diencephalon
70 Questions
9 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which structure is formed by the failure of the posterior neural tube to close?

  • Spina bifida (correct)
  • Open vertebral canal
  • Degeneration of forebrain + skull
  • Meningocele

    • Which primary brain vesicle is also known as the forebrain?

  • Cephalic flexure
  • Prosencephalon (correct)
  • Mesencephalon
  • Rhombencephalon

    • Which secondary brain vesicle develops into the cerebral hemispheres?

  • Metencephalon
  • Myelencephalon
  • Rhombencephalon
  • Telencephalon (correct)

    • The midbrain, or mesencephalon, forms as a bulge called the ?

    <p>Cephalic flexure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the adult central nervous system is made up of mainly neuronal cell bodies?

    <p>Grey matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is formed by the rhombencephalon?

    <p>Hindbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is formed by the mesencephalon?

    <p>Midbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is formed by the metencephalon?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is formed by the myelencephalon?

    <p>Hindbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is formed by the diencephalon?

    <p>Forebrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cells that receive inductive signals from the notochord during the formation of the central nervous system?

    <p>Neuroectoderm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the layer that lines the ventricles of the central nervous system?

    <p>Ependymal layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells migrate into the periphery and differentiate into various cell types in the central nervous system?

    <p>Neural crest cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the failure of the anterior neuropore to close during development, resulting in a fatal condition?

    <p>Anencephaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate prevalence of neural tube defects in established pregnancies?

    <p>1 in 1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neural tube defect is characterized by a hidden vertebral arch defect only?

    <p>Spina bifida occulta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells differentiate into autonomic and sensory neurons, glia, cells of the adrenal gland, melanocytes, and skeletal/connective tissue of the head?

    <p>Neural crest cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the layer that becomes the brain parenchyma during the development of the central nervous system?

    <p>Mantle layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cells that form the neural tube during the development of the central nervous system?

    <p>Lateral neural plate margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the central nervous system is primarily involved in motor control and coordination?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the spinal cord receives primary afferent fibers from somatic and visceral structures?

    <p>Cervical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brainstem contains the cerebral peduncles and the superior and inferior colliculi?

    <p>Midbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the central nervous system plays a central role in sensory relay, consciousness, and homeostasis?

    <p>Diencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain contains grey matter and white matter?

    <p>Cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the central nervous system is protected within the vertebral column?

    <p>Spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the central nervous system is continuous with the spinal cord and contains cranial nerve nuclei?

    <p>Brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brainstem is located posterior to the midbrain?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the central nervous system consists of the thalamus and hypothalamus?

    <p>Diencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the central nervous system sends motor axons to skeletal muscles?

    <p>Spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the spinal cord contains the lumbar system and the horses tail?

    <p>Lumbar region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of spinal nerves exit between the cervical vertebrae?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the spinal cord contains the dorsal and ventral roots that form the spinal nerves?

    <p>Cervical region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the injection of anesthetic into the epidural space surrounding the spinal cord?

    <p>Epidural anesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cells that form the neural tube during the development of the central nervous system?

    <p>Ectodermal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the layer that lines the ventricles of the central nervous system?

    <p>Mental layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the layer that becomes the brain parenchyma during the development of the central nervous system?

    <p>F dynamo layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cells that receive inductive signals from the notochord during the formation of the central nervous system?

    <p>Neural crest cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling motor activity and coordinating fine muscle activity?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the brain is known as the basal ganglia and controls motor activity?

    <p>Substantia nigra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nuclei in the midbrain are known as the red nuclei and serve as a relay center between the cortex, higher senses, and cerebellum?

    <p>Superior colliculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the superior colliculus in the midbrain?

    <p>Controlling eye movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the embryo does the central nervous system develop from?

    <p>Ectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the road-like structure running along the length of the maze?

    <p>Noto Court</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brainstem contains the cranial nerve nuclei?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brainstem is responsible for controlling respiration and the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures in the brainstem contain the axons of upper motor neurons that control skeletal muscles?

    <p>Pyramids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brainstem relays information between the brainstem and the cerebellum?

    <p>Pons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the spinal cord?

    <p>Processing information and carrying it to and from the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between grey matter and white matter in the central nervous system?

    <p>Grey matter contains neuronal cell bodies and white matter contains myelinated axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the spinal cord extend from and to?

    <p>From the atlas to just below the ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is formed by the metencephalon?

    <p>Pons and cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the two cerebellar hemispheres?

    <p>Vermes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the cerebellum is predominantly involved with posture?

    <p>Anterior lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the cerebellum is involved with fine motor coordination?

    <p>Posterior lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the lobe situated in the middle of the cerebellum?

    <p>Front Killer nodular lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that connects the cerebellum to the brain stem?

    <p>Cerebellar ankles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the largest cerebellar peduncle?

    <p>Middle cerebellar peduncle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuroectoderm cells receive inductive signals from?

    <p>notochord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of neurulation, neuroectoderm cells thicken to form?

    <p>neural plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lateral neural plate margins fold inwards to form?

    <p>neural tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the neural tube: mantle layer

    <p>becomes brain parenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the neural tube, the ependymal layer:

    <p>lines the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In neural tube defects, meningocele = meninges projects out is termed

    <p>Spina bifida cystica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are three main primary brain vesicles?

    <p>Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon, Rhombencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the forebrain?

    <p>Prosencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the midbrain?

    <p>Mesencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the secondary brain vesicles?

    <p>Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Metencephalon, Myelencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the primary brain vesicles form the telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres) and optic (eyes) and Diencephalon (thalamus/hypothalamus)

    <p>Prosencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which secondary brain vesicle is continuous with the midbrain and comprises of the thalamus and hypothalamus?

    <p>Diencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the parts of the cerebellum?

    <p>Vermis, Anterior lobe, Posterior Lobe, Flocculonodular lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anatomy of the Central Nervous System

    • The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
    • The brain is divided into grey matter (cerebral cortex, brain nuclei) and white matter (mainly myelinated axons).
    • The spinal cord receives primary afferent fibers from somatic and visceral structures and sends motor axons to skeletal muscles.
    • The spinal cord is divided into four regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral.
    • The spinal cord is protected within the vertebral column and receives a blood supply from the anterior and posterior spinal arteries.
    • The brainstem, which is continuous with the spinal cord, contains cranial nerve nuclei and plays a vital role in autonomic functions and motor control.
    • The brainstem is divided into three main regions: midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
    • The midbrain contains the cerebral peduncles (corticospinal tract) and the superior and inferior colliculi.
    • The cerebellum, located posterior to the brainstem, is primarily involved in motor control and coordination.
    • The cerebellum has two hemispheres, three lobes, and contains nuclei important for motor coordination.
    • The diencephalon, which is continuous with the midbrain, consists of the thalamus and hypothalamus and plays a central role in sensory relay, consciousness, and homeostasis.
    • The thalamus relays sensory information to the cortex, while the hypothalamus coordinates the autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrine system.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Neuroanat 1_Spinal cord to the diencephalon_2023_Student.html

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the Central Nervous System with this quiz! Explore the different regions and structures of the brain and spinal cord, including the brainstem, cerebellum, and diencephalon. Challenge yourself with questions on the functions and roles of these important components of the CNS.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser