Hemodynamics I
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a cause of generalized tissue and organ edema?

  • Sodium and water retention
  • Lymphatic obstruction
  • Hyperemia
  • Reduced plasma osmotic pressure (correct)

Which protein is the major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure?

  • Globulin
  • Fibrinogen
  • Albumin (correct)
  • Hemoglobin

Which condition can result in systemic edema due to inadequate levels of circulating protein?

  • Liver failure
  • Malnutrition
  • Renal failure
  • All of the above (correct)

What is the primary cause of lymphatic obstruction?

<p>Primary neoplasms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the passive back-up of blood due to venous obstruction?

<p>Congestion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of long-standing (chronic) congestion?

<p>Cell death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes an increase in volume of blood in hyperemia?

<p>Arteriolar dilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for maintenance of homeostasis in the body?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces?

<p>Edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of edema resulting from increased hydrostatic pressure?

<p>Reduced plasma oncotic pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe an abnormal increase in blood flow to a particular tissue or organ?

<p>Hyperemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between acute and chronic passive congestion?

<p>Acute congestion is characterized by red blood cell extravasation, while chronic congestion is characterized by fibrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the escape of blood from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues?

<p>Hemorrhage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a small, pinpoint hemorrhage?

<p>Petechiae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of edema?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lymphatic system in relation to edema?

<p>To remove excess fluid from the interstitial space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between hydrostatic pressure and fluid movement?

<p>Increases in hydrostatic pressure cause fluid to move out of the vessel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of failure in any part of the system that regulates fluid movement?

<p>Edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can lead to localized edema in a limb?

<p>Blockage of venous outflow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of systemic increases in hydrostatic pressure?

<p>Cardiac failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological response to decreased arterial flow to the kidney in cardiac failure?

<p>Increased aldosterone secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of acute pulmonary congestion?

<p>Collection of edematous fluid within the alveolar spaces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a unique gross morphology seen in chronic passive congestion of the liver?

<p>Nutmeg liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of hemorrhage characterized by pinpoint lesions on serosal surfaces and skin?

<p>Petechial hemorrhage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size range of purpura lesions?

<p>3-5 mm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe larger lesions (larger than 1 cm) that occur in subcutaneous tissues and are commonly called bruises?

<p>Ecchymosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color sequence of a resolving bruise?

<p>Blue-red, blue-green, yellow-brown (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a large collection of blood that may form in any area of the body called?

<p>Hematoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical significance of a hemorrhage not always directly proportional to?

<p>Volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can a rapid loss of 20% of one's blood volume lead to?

<p>Hypovolemic shock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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