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A patient was prescribed ketorolac for postoperative pain. How long can this medicine be taken?
A patient was prescribed ketorolac for postoperative pain. How long can this medicine be taken?
A 23-year-old woman is admitted to the Emergency Department with difficult breathing. Examination shows significant laryngeal edema. Past history indicated that she had recurrent episodes of angioedema. Which of the following is the most effective physiologic histamine antagonist in episodes of angioedema?
A 23-year-old woman is admitted to the Emergency Department with difficult breathing. Examination shows significant laryngeal edema. Past history indicated that she had recurrent episodes of angioedema. Which of the following is the most effective physiologic histamine antagonist in episodes of angioedema?
Jane is a 67 year-old woman with a history of mild hypertension and classic angina pectoris. She is seeking treatment for migraine headaches of moderate intensity. Her headaches are preceeded by bilateral light flashes and dizziness that last about 10 minutes prior to the onset of pain. Her headaches are also frequently accompanied by photophobia, severe nausea and occasional vomiting. What medication would be contraindicated for acute treatment of Jane's headaches?
Jane is a 67 year-old woman with a history of mild hypertension and classic angina pectoris. She is seeking treatment for migraine headaches of moderate intensity. Her headaches are preceeded by bilateral light flashes and dizziness that last about 10 minutes prior to the onset of pain. Her headaches are also frequently accompanied by photophobia, severe nausea and occasional vomiting. What medication would be contraindicated for acute treatment of Jane's headaches?
What is the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy for this patient?
A 17-year-old White male patient presents to the office with pain in the lower back, left heel, and both knees for the last two weeks. It is not associated with fever, chills, or diarrhea. He reports recent treatment for urethral discharge and dysuria. He has not recently traveled or suffered trauma or used illicit drugs. His past medical history is insignificant, and he does not smoke or drink. His vitals are normal. Physical examination reveals pink eyes and mouth ulcers. His knees are warm, swollen, and tender, and he complains of tenderness on his left Achilles tendon as well. Synovial fluid analysis from the right knee shows a white blood cell count of 30,000/mm^3 with neutrophilic predominance. Gram stain is negative.
What is the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy for this patient?
A 17-year-old White male patient presents to the office with pain in the lower back, left heel, and both knees for the last two weeks. It is not associated with fever, chills, or diarrhea. He reports recent treatment for urethral discharge and dysuria. He has not recently traveled or suffered trauma or used illicit drugs. His past medical history is insignificant, and he does not smoke or drink. His vitals are normal. Physical examination reveals pink eyes and mouth ulcers. His knees are warm, swollen, and tender, and he complains of tenderness on his left Achilles tendon as well. Synovial fluid analysis from the right knee shows a white blood cell count of 30,000/mm^3 with neutrophilic predominance. Gram stain is negative.
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Which of the following is one of the fetal malformations associated with mycophenolate exposure during pregnancy?
Which of the following is one of the fetal malformations associated with mycophenolate exposure during pregnancy?
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A 54-year-old woman presents with symptoms typical of rheumatoid arthritis. A decision was made to start NSAID therapy. Which of the following is a contraindication to initiation of celecoxib treatment?
A 54-year-old woman presents with symptoms typical of rheumatoid arthritis. A decision was made to start NSAID therapy. Which of the following is a contraindication to initiation of celecoxib treatment?
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A 16-year-old girl with a history of epilepsy presents with trouble walking and slurred speech. Her father reports that she doubled her dose of antiepileptic medication recently. She says she restarted at a higher dose after running out of medication earlier in the week. Physical exam shows horizontal spontaneous nystagmus, gingival hyperplasia, and an abnormal finger-to-nose test. Her strength is equal in all 4 extremities. What is the mechanism of action of the antiepileptic drug this patient is most likely taking?
A 16-year-old girl with a history of epilepsy presents with trouble walking and slurred speech. Her father reports that she doubled her dose of antiepileptic medication recently. She says she restarted at a higher dose after running out of medication earlier in the week. Physical exam shows horizontal spontaneous nystagmus, gingival hyperplasia, and an abnormal finger-to-nose test. Her strength is equal in all 4 extremities. What is the mechanism of action of the antiepileptic drug this patient is most likely taking?
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A 43-year-old man presents with elevated blood pressure. His average blood pressure is 134/88 mmHg after several measurements. He has no significant history and does not take any medications. He reports a mostly sedentary lifestyle. He does not smoke or drink any alcohol. He was asked to follow a low-salt diet and increase his physical activity but has struggled. Pharmacologic therapy with a calcium channel blocker is initiated. Which of the following tests is indicated?
A 43-year-old man presents with elevated blood pressure. His average blood pressure is 134/88 mmHg after several measurements. He has no significant history and does not take any medications. He reports a mostly sedentary lifestyle. He does not smoke or drink any alcohol. He was asked to follow a low-salt diet and increase his physical activity but has struggled. Pharmacologic therapy with a calcium channel blocker is initiated. Which of the following tests is indicated?
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It is prescribed oxacillin sodium 300 mg intramuscularly for 6 hours. Dispense with vials containing oxacillin sodium monohydrate, equivalent to 1 g oxacillin and 19 mg dibasic sodium phosphate. After adding 5.4 ml of sterile water for injection each 1.5 ml of solution contains 250 mg oxacillin. How many milliliters should be injected every 6 hours?
It is prescribed oxacillin sodium 300 mg intramuscularly for 6 hours. Dispense with vials containing oxacillin sodium monohydrate, equivalent to 1 g oxacillin and 19 mg dibasic sodium phosphate. After adding 5.4 ml of sterile water for injection each 1.5 ml of solution contains 250 mg oxacillin. How many milliliters should be injected every 6 hours?
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Which is a surrogate endpoint used in pediatric drug trials only?
Which is a surrogate endpoint used in pediatric drug trials only?
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A pharmaceutical company is investigating the efficacy of its vaccine on a small population. The results reveal a p-value of 0.03 with an alpha of 0.1. Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of these results?
A pharmaceutical company is investigating the efficacy of its vaccine on a small population. The results reveal a p-value of 0.03 with an alpha of 0.1. Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of these results?
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A patient presents for a follow-up visit. A history of present illness reveals that his Parkinson disease symptoms are getting worse. His medical history includes peptic ulcer disease, chronic diarrhea, narrow-angle glaucoma, and asthma. The provider plans to prescribe benztropine to help alleviate his symptoms. Which of the following conditions will be aggravated by the prescribed drug?
A patient presents for a follow-up visit. A history of present illness reveals that his Parkinson disease symptoms are getting worse. His medical history includes peptic ulcer disease, chronic diarrhea, narrow-angle glaucoma, and asthma. The provider plans to prescribe benztropine to help alleviate his symptoms. Which of the following conditions will be aggravated by the prescribed drug?
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A 34-year-old man presents with altered mental status. He is accompanied by his friend, who said he consumed something to relax. His history is significant for occasional cannabis use. Family history is noncontributory. Vital signs are blood pressure 120/90 mm Hg, heart rate 65 bpm, respirations 8 breaths/min, and temperature 37.2° C (99° F). Physical examination reveals an altered sensorium with decreased pupil size. Which of the following is the best treatment option?
A 34-year-old man presents with altered mental status. He is accompanied by his friend, who said he consumed something to relax. His history is significant for occasional cannabis use. Family history is noncontributory. Vital signs are blood pressure 120/90 mm Hg, heart rate 65 bpm, respirations 8 breaths/min, and temperature 37.2° C (99° F). Physical examination reveals an altered sensorium with decreased pupil size. Which of the following is the best treatment option?
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St. John's wort (a popular herb used medicinally) is a potent inducer of phase I hepatic CYP3A4 enzymes. Verapamil and phenytoin are eliminated from the body by metabolism in the liver. The clearance of verapamil is 1.5 l/min, approximately equal to hepatic blood flow. The clearance of phenytoin is 0.1 l/min. Based on these data, which of the following statements is true?
St. John's wort (a popular herb used medicinally) is a potent inducer of phase I hepatic CYP3A4 enzymes. Verapamil and phenytoin are eliminated from the body by metabolism in the liver. The clearance of verapamil is 1.5 l/min, approximately equal to hepatic blood flow. The clearance of phenytoin is 0.1 l/min. Based on these data, which of the following statements is true?
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Your 45-year-old patient requires treatment with atorvastatin. The patient lifts weights and is concerned about muscle pain caused by statins. He asks you if he can take something else to prevent the pain. You tell him that there is an endogenous antioxidant available as a dietary supplement that may help. Some clinical studies have shown that patients with statin-induced myopathy experienced a reduction in muscle pain after starting to take this dietary supplement. Which of the following is this supplement?
Your 45-year-old patient requires treatment with atorvastatin. The patient lifts weights and is concerned about muscle pain caused by statins. He asks you if he can take something else to prevent the pain. You tell him that there is an endogenous antioxidant available as a dietary supplement that may help. Some clinical studies have shown that patients with statin-induced myopathy experienced a reduction in muscle pain after starting to take this dietary supplement. Which of the following is this supplement?
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A 57-year-old man with metastatic lung cancer presents to the clinic for pain management. He is prescribed a cannabinoid extract that has a low affinity for cannabinoid receptors and may act as an antagonist to modulate the effectiveness of the psychoactive cannabinoid extracts. Which of the following best identifies the agent prescribed to the patient?
A 57-year-old man with metastatic lung cancer presents to the clinic for pain management. He is prescribed a cannabinoid extract that has a low affinity for cannabinoid receptors and may act as an antagonist to modulate the effectiveness of the psychoactive cannabinoid extracts. Which of the following best identifies the agent prescribed to the patient?
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A new drug is being investigated for its cardiovascular effects. It is applied to 4 anesthetized animals and the heart rate is measured. The first animal served as a control. The second received an effective dose of hexamethonium. The third received an effective dose of atropine. The fourth received an effective dose of phenoxybenzamine. When administered to the control animal, the atropine-pretreated animal, and the phenoxybenzamine-pretreated animal, the test drug increased the heart rate. The new drug did not affect the heart rate of the animal pretreated with hexamethonium. The tested drug is similar to
A new drug is being investigated for its cardiovascular effects. It is applied to 4 anesthetized animals and the heart rate is measured. The first animal served as a control. The second received an effective dose of hexamethonium. The third received an effective dose of atropine. The fourth received an effective dose of phenoxybenzamine. When administered to the control animal, the atropine-pretreated animal, and the phenoxybenzamine-pretreated animal, the test drug increased the heart rate. The new drug did not affect the heart rate of the animal pretreated with hexamethonium. The tested drug is similar to
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Zilucoplan is advantageous to the two other complement inhibitors previously approved for myasthenia gravis because it is:
Zilucoplan is advantageous to the two other complement inhibitors previously approved for myasthenia gravis because it is:
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A 40-year-old man presents with restlessness and irritability. The patient stopped smoking 3 days ago following his wife's request. He has no significant history. He has a 20-pack-year smoking history; he does not drink alcohol or take recreational drugs. What is the mechanism of action of the recommended replacement therapy?
A 40-year-old man presents with restlessness and irritability. The patient stopped smoking 3 days ago following his wife's request. He has no significant history. He has a 20-pack-year smoking history; he does not drink alcohol or take recreational drugs. What is the mechanism of action of the recommended replacement therapy?
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Postoperative vomiting is rare if used
Postoperative vomiting is rare if used
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Study Notes
Test 2 - Medical Questions
- Ketorolac Usage: Ketorolac should not be used for more than 5 days.
- Patient with Difficult Breathing: A 23-year-old female patient admitted to the Emergency Department with laryngeal edema and recurrent angioedema.
- Histamine Antagonist: Epinephrine is the most effective physiologic histamine antagonist for angioedema.
- Migraine Headache: Jane is a 67-year-old woman; a moderate migraine, is preceded by light flashes and dizziness which lasts about 10 minutes before the onset of pain which is also frequently accompanied by photophobia, severe nausea and occasional vomiting. What medication would be contraindicated for acute treatment of Jane's headache? The answer is Sumatriptan.
- 17-Year-Old Male Patient: A 17-year-old white male patient presenting with lower back, left heel, and both knee pain for 2 weeks, no fever or chills. Recent treatment of a uretal discharge and dysuria. No recent travel, trauma, use of illicit drugs. Normal vitals. Physical exam shows pink eyes and mouth ulcers. The knees are warm, swollen, and tender, and he complains of tenderness on his left Achilles tendon, as well. Synovial fluid analysis from the right knee shows a white blood cell count of 30,000/mm^3 with neutrophilic predominance. Gram stain negative. Recommended treatment is ceftriaxone.
- Fetal Malformations: Mycophenolate exposure during pregnancy can result in fetal malformations, such as craniosynostosis, cleft palate, and hypospadias.
- Important Diagnostic Considerations: Important diagnostic considerations for acute knee monoarthritis include septic arthritis and crystalline arthritis. Joint aspiration and examination of synovial fluid is always recommended.
- Statistical Significance: In a study investigating a vaccine's efficacy, a p-value of 0.03 with an alpha of 0.1 indicates statistical significance, meaning the results are unlikely due to chance. Null hypothesis is rejected.
- Medication Contraindications: A 54-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis requiring celecoxib therapy should be evaluated for a history of alcohol abuse, gout, myocardial infarction, and ulcer disease. These are contraindications to starting celecoxib.
- Opioid Toxicity: Naloxone is indicated for the treatment of opioid toxicity, reversing respiratory depression.
- Opioid Use Disorder: A chronic use disorder of opioids is associated with significant distress, dependence, substance abuse and may be caused by biological, environmental, genetic and psychosocial factors.
- Coenzyme Q10: 45-year-old patient with statin-induced myopathy, should try coenzyme Q10.
- Cannabinoid Extracts: In a 57-year-old male patient with metastatic lung cancer, a cannabinoid extract with a low affinity for cannabinoid receptors (Acting primarily as an antagonist) may be prescribed for pain management.
- Medication for Cardiovascular Effects: Treatment of a heart rate issue in an animal trial would involve a variety of cardiovascular drugs.
- Opioid Therapy: A 40-year-old male patient taking Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to replace the nicotine response from stop smoking. Higher doses of NRT have a more rewarding feeling, whereas lower doses have a stimulating effect.
- Postoperative Vomiting: Propofol is preferable to other drugs like Enflurane, Ethomidate, Midazolam, and Thiopental due to its antiemetic properties and fast recovery.
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Description
Test your knowledge with this quiz focusing on key medical questions related to medication usage, patient symptoms, and treatment contraindications. Topics include ketorolac, angioedema, migraines, and various patient case scenarios. Perfect for medical students and professionals alike.
