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Questions and Answers
Match the following anatomical terms with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following anatomical terms with their corresponding descriptions:
Lesser peritoneal cavity = A space between layers of peritoneum Mesometrium = Part of the broad ligament of the uterus Pouch of Douglas = Cul-de-sac between the uterus and rectum Uterine cavity = The inside of the uterus Vagina = The canal leading from the external genitals to the uterus
In the case of a 46-year-old woman with ankylosing spondylitis whose previous treatments were ineffective, which drug mechanism is the most appropriate next step?
In the case of a 46-year-old woman with ankylosing spondylitis whose previous treatments were ineffective, which drug mechanism is the most appropriate next step?
- Epidermal growth factor
- Tumor necrosis factor α (correct)
- Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4
- CD20
- Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
- Cyclooxygenase-2
What is the likely cause of jaundice in a patient who ingested acetaminophen?
What is the likely cause of jaundice in a patient who ingested acetaminophen?
- Increased hemolysis
- Increased serum glutathione concentration
- Decreased generation of urobilinogen
- Decreased bilirubin conjugation (correct)
- Activation of biliverdin reductase
In a 72-year-old woman showing symptoms and a dullness on percussion over her lung, what is the most likely cause of her condition?
In a 72-year-old woman showing symptoms and a dullness on percussion over her lung, what is the most likely cause of her condition?
Based on the findings in a 62-year-old man with an uncooperative demeanor, which response should the physician make?
Based on the findings in a 62-year-old man with an uncooperative demeanor, which response should the physician make?
A 54-year-old man with fainting episodes likely suffers from which diagnosis based on his symptoms?
A 54-year-old man with fainting episodes likely suffers from which diagnosis based on his symptoms?
What is the most likely cause of a patient's condition with elevated calcium levels and the provided lab values?
What is the most likely cause of a patient's condition with elevated calcium levels and the provided lab values?
What is the likely diagnosis for a 72-year-old woman exhibiting left-sided hemiparesis and slurred speech?
What is the likely diagnosis for a 72-year-old woman exhibiting left-sided hemiparesis and slurred speech?
In an end-stage renal disease patient on dialysis expressing frustration, which response is most appropriate?
In an end-stage renal disease patient on dialysis expressing frustration, which response is most appropriate?
What does Southern blot analysis demonstrate when probing with a cDNA clone for an immunoglobulin-constant region?
What does Southern blot analysis demonstrate when probing with a cDNA clone for an immunoglobulin-constant region?
What condition is indicated by a 17-year-old girl with no menstrual periods and no secondary sexual characteristics?
What condition is indicated by a 17-year-old girl with no menstrual periods and no secondary sexual characteristics?
What organism is likely found in peritoneal fluid of a patient with perforated appendicitis?
What organism is likely found in peritoneal fluid of a patient with perforated appendicitis?
What medication is likely prescribed for a 45-year-old woman experiencing symptoms of menopause?
What medication is likely prescribed for a 45-year-old woman experiencing symptoms of menopause?
What is the best representation of absolute risk reduction for vomiting among patients in the azithromycin group compared to erythromycin in a clinical trial?
What is the best representation of absolute risk reduction for vomiting among patients in the azithromycin group compared to erythromycin in a clinical trial?
What mechanism is likely causing ongoing hepatocyte injury in a 34-year-old woman with hepatitis C showing lymphocytic infiltration and early fibrosis?
What mechanism is likely causing ongoing hepatocyte injury in a 34-year-old woman with hepatitis C showing lymphocytic infiltration and early fibrosis?
If a patient has untreated hypertension, which of the following is most likely to decrease over time?
If a patient has untreated hypertension, which of the following is most likely to decrease over time?
In comparing pulmonary function testing before and after biopsy for chronic inflammatory interstitial pneumonitis, which pattern is most likely observed?
In comparing pulmonary function testing before and after biopsy for chronic inflammatory interstitial pneumonitis, which pattern is most likely observed?
What virulence factor is likely produced by a gram-positive organism causing necrotizing wound infections?
What virulence factor is likely produced by a gram-positive organism causing necrotizing wound infections?
What is the most likely cause of rash in a 4-month-old boy with severe combined immunodeficiency post-bone marrow transplant?
What is the most likely cause of rash in a 4-month-old boy with severe combined immunodeficiency post-bone marrow transplant?
Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of action of the additional antibiotic on bacteria?
Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of action of the additional antibiotic on bacteria?
Which of the following additional findings is most likely in this patient?
Which of the following additional findings is most likely in this patient?
Which of the following types of drugs is most likely to produce effects most similar to those of drug X?
Which of the following types of drugs is most likely to produce effects most similar to those of drug X?
This treatment is most likely to prevent which of the following in this mother?
This treatment is most likely to prevent which of the following in this mother?
Physical examination is most likely to show which of the following findings?
Physical examination is most likely to show which of the following findings?
Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed for this patient?
Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed for this patient?
Which of the following physical findings is most likely in this patient?
Which of the following physical findings is most likely in this patient?
Which of the following is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
Which of the following is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial action by the physician?
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial action by the physician?
Which of the following ligand → receptor pairs most likely played a primary role in the proliferation of the T lymphocytes present at the site of the rash?
Which of the following ligand → receptor pairs most likely played a primary role in the proliferation of the T lymphocytes present at the site of the rash?
Which of the following processes in these subjects is most likely inhibited by the increased malonyl-CoA concentration?
Which of the following processes in these subjects is most likely inhibited by the increased malonyl-CoA concentration?
This study is best described as which of the following?
This study is best described as which of the following?
Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient’s symptoms?
Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient’s symptoms?
Which of the following best describes this mass?
Which of the following best describes this mass?
Which of the following is most likely the primary mechanism of the development of edema in this patient?
Which of the following is most likely the primary mechanism of the development of edema in this patient?
This patient most likely has impairment of which of the following oculomotor functions?
This patient most likely has impairment of which of the following oculomotor functions?
Which of the following is the strongest predisposing risk factor for this patient's condition?
Which of the following is the strongest predisposing risk factor for this patient's condition?
The infectious agent causing these findings most likely began to proliferate in which of the following locations?
The infectious agent causing these findings most likely began to proliferate in which of the following locations?
Which of the following processes is most likely to be involved in this case?
Which of the following processes is most likely to be involved in this case?
Which of the following nerves is most likely injured?
Which of the following nerves is most likely injured?
Fluid from this rupture will most likely be found in which of the following locations?
Fluid from this rupture will most likely be found in which of the following locations?
In a 46-year-old woman with active ankylosing spondylitis who has not improved with NSAIDs or sulfasalazine, which drug should be administered next?
In a 46-year-old woman with active ankylosing spondylitis who has not improved with NSAIDs or sulfasalazine, which drug should be administered next?
In a 55-year-old man with widespread blisters due to adhesion failure, which structure is most likely involved?
In a 55-year-old man with widespread blisters due to adhesion failure, which structure is most likely involved?
What is the most likely explanation for jaundice following an acetaminophen overdose treatment in a 17-year-old girl?
What is the most likely explanation for jaundice following an acetaminophen overdose treatment in a 17-year-old girl?
In a 72-year-old woman with respiratory symptoms and dullness over the right lung, what is the most likely cause of her condition?
In a 72-year-old woman with respiratory symptoms and dullness over the right lung, what is the most likely cause of her condition?
What is the most appropriate response by the physician to a patient who is uncooperative during an interview?
What is the most appropriate response by the physician to a patient who is uncooperative during an interview?
In a 54-year-old man with a history of fainting, what is the most likely diagnosis considering his presented symptoms?
In a 54-year-old man with a history of fainting, what is the most likely diagnosis considering his presented symptoms?
What is the most likely cause of the condition in a 42-year-old woman with abnormal laboratory results?
What is the most likely cause of the condition in a 42-year-old woman with abnormal laboratory results?
In a 72-year-old woman with sudden neurological symptoms, which brain stem area is likely damaged?
In a 72-year-old woman with sudden neurological symptoms, which brain stem area is likely damaged?
What is the most appropriate initial response by a physician to a patient frustrated with dialysis treatments?
What is the most appropriate initial response by a physician to a patient frustrated with dialysis treatments?
What does a Southern blot analysis primarily demonstrate?
What does a Southern blot analysis primarily demonstrate?
What is the most likely explanation for a 17-year-old girl who has never had a menstrual period?
What is the most likely explanation for a 17-year-old girl who has never had a menstrual period?
In a 16-year-old boy with abdominal pain and vomiting, what organism is likely found in peritoneal fluid from a perforated appendix?
In a 16-year-old boy with abdominal pain and vomiting, what organism is likely found in peritoneal fluid from a perforated appendix?
What is the next most appropriate physician statement regarding hormone therapy for menopause symptoms?
What is the next most appropriate physician statement regarding hormone therapy for menopause symptoms?
What is the absolute risk reduction for vomiting among patients in the azithromycin group in a trial with 5 patients vs. 15 patients vomiting?
What is the absolute risk reduction for vomiting among patients in the azithromycin group in a trial with 5 patients vs. 15 patients vomiting?
What is the most likely mechanism causing ongoing hepatocyte injury in a patient with hepatitis C?
What is the most likely mechanism causing ongoing hepatocyte injury in a patient with hepatitis C?
If left untreated, which of the following will likely decrease in a patient with chronic hypertension?
If left untreated, which of the following will likely decrease in a patient with chronic hypertension?
In a 62-year-old man with chronic inflammatory interstitial pneumonitis, what pattern in lung cell populations is most likely observed?
In a 62-year-old man with chronic inflammatory interstitial pneumonitis, what pattern in lung cell populations is most likely observed?
What virulence factor is most likely produced by the organism causing a foul-smelling wound in a diabetic patient?
What virulence factor is most likely produced by the organism causing a foul-smelling wound in a diabetic patient?
What is the most likely cause of a rash in a 4-month-old boy after a bone marrow transplant?
What is the most likely cause of a rash in a 4-month-old boy after a bone marrow transplant?
Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of action of the additional antibiotic on bacteria?
Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of action of the additional antibiotic on bacteria?
Which of the following additional findings is most likely in this patient?
Which of the following additional findings is most likely in this patient?
Which of the following types of drugs is most likely to produce effects similar to those of drug X?
Which of the following types of drugs is most likely to produce effects similar to those of drug X?
This treatment is most likely to prevent which of the following in this mother?
This treatment is most likely to prevent which of the following in this mother?
Physical examination is most likely to show which of the following findings?
Physical examination is most likely to show which of the following findings?
Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed for this patient?
Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed for this patient?
Which of the following physical findings is most likely in this patient?
Which of the following physical findings is most likely in this patient?
Which of the following is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
Which of the following is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
Which of the following initial actions by the physician is most appropriate?
Which of the following initial actions by the physician is most appropriate?
Which of the following ligand → receptor pairs most likely played a primary role in the proliferation of the T lymphocytes present at the site of the rash in this patient?
Which of the following ligand → receptor pairs most likely played a primary role in the proliferation of the T lymphocytes present at the site of the rash in this patient?
The increased malonyl-CoA concentration most likely directly inhibits which of the following processes in these subjects?
The increased malonyl-CoA concentration most likely directly inhibits which of the following processes in these subjects?
This study is best described as which of the following?
This study is best described as which of the following?
Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient’s symptoms?
Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient’s symptoms?
Which of the following best describes this mass?
Which of the following best describes this mass?
Which of the following is most likely the primary mechanism of the development of edema in this patient?
Which of the following is most likely the primary mechanism of the development of edema in this patient?
This patient most likely has impairment of which of the following oculomotor functions?
This patient most likely has impairment of which of the following oculomotor functions?
Which of the following is the strongest predisposing risk factor for this patient's condition?
Which of the following is the strongest predisposing risk factor for this patient's condition?
The infectious agent causing these findings most likely began to proliferate in which of the following locations?
The infectious agent causing these findings most likely began to proliferate in which of the following locations?
Which of the following processes is most likely to be involved?
Which of the following processes is most likely to be involved?
Which of the following nerves is most likely injured?
Which of the following nerves is most likely injured?
Fluid from this rupture will most likely be found in which of the following locations?
Fluid from this rupture will most likely be found in which of the following locations?
Flashcards
Bicuspid aortic valve infection
Bicuspid aortic valve infection
A 67-year-old woman with a bicuspid aortic valve develops fever and chills, diagnosed with viridans streptococci infection.
Intermittent jaundice
Intermittent jaundice
12-year-old girl with intermittent yellowing of eyes/skin, normal haptoglobin, AST, and ALT.
Smooth muscle response to Drug X
Smooth muscle response to Drug X
Drug X increases smooth muscle tension in response to acetylcholine, but not norepinephrine.
Rh-negative mother, Rh-positive father
Rh-negative mother, Rh-positive father
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Low voltage ECG, electrical alternans
Low voltage ECG, electrical alternans
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Type 2 diabetes, decreased hepatic glucose
Type 2 diabetes, decreased hepatic glucose
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HIV infection, low blood counts
HIV infection, low blood counts
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Antithymocyte globulin, adverse effects
Antithymocyte globulin, adverse effects
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Pain, addiction concern
Pain, addiction concern
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Skin rash, hair dye link
Skin rash, hair dye link
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Hyperglycemia, malonyl-CoA
Hyperglycemia, malonyl-CoA
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Clinical trial design
Clinical trial design
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Leg pain, weight loss, pancreas mass
Leg pain, weight loss, pancreas mass
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Facial hair growth, ovarian mass
Facial hair growth, ovarian mass
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Edema, scraped arm
Edema, scraped arm
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Headache, oculomotor dysfunction
Headache, oculomotor dysfunction
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Abdominal pain, kidney enlargement
Abdominal pain, kidney enlargement
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Rash, Caribbean cruise
Rash, Caribbean cruise
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Epigastric heartburn, occult blood
Epigastric heartburn, occult blood
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Foot Drop, nerve injury
Foot Drop, nerve injury
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Ankylosing Spondylitis Treatment
Ankylosing Spondylitis Treatment
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Recurrent Blister Formation
Recurrent Blister Formation
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Acetaminophen Poisoning Jaundice
Acetaminophen Poisoning Jaundice
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Pneumonia Cause (Case Study)
Pneumonia Cause (Case Study)
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Patient Non-Cooperation (Case Study)
Patient Non-Cooperation (Case Study)
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Fainting Episodes (Case Study)
Fainting Episodes (Case Study)
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Constipation and Fatigue (Case Study)
Constipation and Fatigue (Case Study)
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Stroke Symptoms (Case Study)
Stroke Symptoms (Case Study)
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Poor Dialysis Adherence
Poor Dialysis Adherence
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Southern Blot Analysis
Southern Blot Analysis
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Primary Amenorrhea (Case Study)
Primary Amenorrhea (Case Study)
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Peritoneal Fluid Infection
Peritoneal Fluid Infection
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Menopause Symptoms
Menopause Symptoms
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Azithromycin and Vomiting
Azithromycin and Vomiting
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Hepatitis C and Hepatocyte Injury (Case Study)
Hepatitis C and Hepatocyte Injury (Case Study)
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Bicuspid aortic valve infection
Bicuspid aortic valve infection
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Intermittent jaundice
Intermittent jaundice
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Smooth muscle response to Drug X
Smooth muscle response to Drug X
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Rh-negative mother, Rh-positive father
Rh-negative mother, Rh-positive father
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Low voltage ECG, electrical alternans
Low voltage ECG, electrical alternans
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Type 2 diabetes, decreased hepatic glucose
Type 2 diabetes, decreased hepatic glucose
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HIV infection, low blood counts
HIV infection, low blood counts
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Antithymocyte globulin, adverse effects
Antithymocyte globulin, adverse effects
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Pain, addiction concern
Pain, addiction concern
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Skin rash, hair dye link
Skin rash, hair dye link
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Hyperglycemia, malonyl-CoA
Hyperglycemia, malonyl-CoA
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Clinical trial design
Clinical trial design
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Leg pain, weight loss, pancreas mass
Leg pain, weight loss, pancreas mass
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Lesser peritoneal cavity
Lesser peritoneal cavity
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Mesometrium
Mesometrium
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Pouch of Douglas
Pouch of Douglas
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Uterine cavity
Uterine cavity
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Vagina
Vagina
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Ankylosing Spondylitis Treatment
Ankylosing Spondylitis Treatment
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Recurrent Blister Formation
Recurrent Blister Formation
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Acetaminophen Poisoning Jaundice
Acetaminophen Poisoning Jaundice
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Pneumonia Cause (Case Study)
Pneumonia Cause (Case Study)
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Patient Non-Cooperation (Case Study)
Patient Non-Cooperation (Case Study)
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Fainting Episodes (Case Study)
Fainting Episodes (Case Study)
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Constipation and Fatigue (Case Study)
Constipation and Fatigue (Case Study)
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Stroke Symptoms (Case Study)
Stroke Symptoms (Case Study)
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Study Notes
USMLE Step 1 Sample Test Questions - Block 1, Items 1-40
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Question 1: A 67-year-old woman with a bicuspid aortic valve has a 2-day history of fever and chills. Blood cultures show viridans streptococci susceptible to penicillin. An additional antibiotic, synergistic to penicillin, is administered. The most likely mechanism of action of the additional antibiotic is inhibition of DNA gyrase.
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Question 2: A 12-year-old girl has intermittent jaundice. Total bilirubin is 3 mg/dL, with a direct component of 1 mg/dL. Haptoglobin, AST, and ALT are normal. Decreased activity of UDP glucuronosyltransferase is likely.
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Question 3: Drug X is added to a muscle bath containing smooth muscle. The table shows effects of various agonists on muscle tension before and after adding drug X. A similar drug's effect would be an a₁-adrenergic antagonist.
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Question 4: A 30-year-old woman, gravida 2, at 28 weeks' gestation, is Rh-negative and her partner is Rh-positive. Rho(D) immune globulin prevents the development of antibodies to RhD in the mother.
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Question 5: A 55-year-old man presents with shortness of breath, confusion, and an ECG showing low voltage with electrical alternans. Increased or decreased blood pressure and increased or decreased jugular venous pressure are likely found.
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Question 6: A 52-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus begins pharmacotherapy. Four weeks later, hepatic glucose output is decreased and target tissue glucose uptake is increased. Metformin is likely prescribed.
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Question 7: A 44-year-old man with HIV is found to have low hemoglobin, low hematocrit, low leukocyte count, low platelets, prolonged prothrombin time, and prolonged partial thromboplastin time. Petechiae are likely.
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Question 8: A 23-year-old woman with bone marrow failure is treated with rabbit antithymocyte globulin. Immune complex deposition in tissues is the likely cause for fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, and erythema.
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Question 9: A 42-year-old female undergoes multiple surgeries. She is receiving morphine via a PCA pump. Reassuring the patient about the low chance of addiction is appropriate.
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Question 10: A 22-year-old woman has an itchy rash on her right forearm after using new hair dye. CD40L on T lymphocytes → CD40 on epidermal Langerhans cells is the likely ligand-receptor pair.
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Question 11: Six healthy subjects have hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced. Fatty acid oxidation is likely inhibited by the increased malonyl-CoA concentration.
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Question 12: A study of chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis uses a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The study type is best described as an open-labeled clinical trial.
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Question 13: A 63-year-old man presents with left leg pain and swelling, weight loss, and back pain. He has a 3-cm pancreatic mass and liver metastases. Hypercoagulability from advanced malignancy is a likely cause.
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Question 14: A 40-year-old woman has increased facial hair growth, amenorrhea for 4 months. Pelvic examination shows clitoral enlargement and increased serum testosterone levels. A 12-cm ovarian mass is likely a Sertoli-Leydig tumor.
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Question 15: A 35-year-old man has a wound infection on his arm. Increased hydrostatic pressure from inflammation is likely to cause edema.
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Question 16: A 12-year-old boy has headaches and nausea. MRI shows a tumor in the pineal region compressing the brain stem. Upward gaze is most likely impaired.
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Question 17: A 52-year-old man has nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. His history includes diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation, and smoking. Past smoking history is the strongest predisposing risk factor for his condition.
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Question 18: A 24-year-old man has a red, itchy rash on his buttocks and legs after a Caribbean cruise with pool and hot tub use. Hair follicle is the most likely location for the causative agent to proliferate.
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Question 19: A 45-year-old man has epigastric heartburn, weight loss, and a positive stool occult blood test. Hyperacidity and gastric ulcer development is likely.
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Question 20: A 14-year-old boy is injured below his knee, and cannot dorsiflex his foot. The common fibular (peroneal) nerve is injured.
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Question 21: A 26-year-old woman has severe back and abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and pelvic abnormalities in a pregnancy. Pouch of Douglas is the likely location for fluid.
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Description
Test your knowledge with this sample quiz featuring 40 questions based on USMLE Step 1 content. The questions cover various topics including pharmacology, microbiology, and pathology. Perfect for medical students preparing for their exams.
