Terrorism Impact on Travel and Tourism

Study Notes

Terrorism is an unlawful act of violence committed to achieve political, ideological, or religious goals.
The objective of terrorist attacks is to instill fear and threaten basic safety and security needs, which has a negative impact on tourism.
Safety is a fundamental need, and tourists consider the risk of victimization when deciding on a vacation destination.
The global tourism industry suffered significantly after the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001, with over 10 million travel industry jobs lost globally.
The 9/11 attacks decreased global travel and tourism by 7.4% of global travel and tourism demand.
Terrorism is an integrated risk of modern travel, and the tourism industry must recognize it as a major threat.
The image of a destination in terms of risk and safety affects the probability of international travelers visiting.

Natural disasters are major adverse events resulting from natural processes of the Earth, such as floods, hurricanes, and earthquakes.
The effect of natural disasters varies depending on the magnitude of the disaster.
Natural disasters can destroy structures, change the landscape, and affect tourist flows.

Demographic change will have major implications for the tourism sector over the coming decades.
Major demographic trends worldwide include rising populations, increased life expectancy, urbanization, migration, and changing family structures.
Demographic factors such as age, education, marital status, and language impact one's willingness to travel.
Demographic change will affect the types of tourists, their origin, destination, accommodation, and activities.

Emerging economies, particularly the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China), are leading the growing demand for international tourism.
Brazil: 8.2 million trips worldwide, 2.9 million trips to Europe, and international tourism expenditure of €13.1 billion in 2016.
Russia: 18.9 million trips globally, 13.9 million trips to Europe, and international tourism expenditure of €21.6 billion in 2016.
India: 16.4 million trips, 2.3 million trips to Europe, and international tourism expenditure of €14.8 billion in 2016.
China: 84.9 million trips, 10.5 million trips to Europe, and international tourism expenditure of €236 billion in 2016.
Emerging economies will continue to expand their market share until 2030.

The EU will maintain its position as the world's most-visited tourism destination, with 557 million international arrivals expected by 2030.
A large proportion of tourists visiting the EU will originate from emerging economy source markets in Asia, the Americas, Africa, and the Middle East.
The Asia-Pacific region will contribute significantly to world travel growth, with 34 million arrivals expected in the EU by 2030.
The number of tourists from the Americas will increase by 2.2% year-on-year, with 37 million visiting EU countries.
The number of tourists from Africa will grow by 5.5% year-on-year, with 9 million arrivals expected in the EU by 2030.
The number of tourists from the Middle East will increase to 5 million by 2030.