Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of triage systems in mass casualty incidents?
What is the primary purpose of triage systems in mass casualty incidents?
- To provide immediate comprehensive medical care to all patients
- To ensure the greatest good for the greatest number of people (correct)
- To distribute medical resources equally among all victims
- To prioritize those with the least severe injuries
Which of the following is NOT one of the four main components of disaster planning?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four main components of disaster planning?
- Identifying hazards
- Developing treatment protocols (correct)
- Preparing and responding to emergencies
- Mitigating risks
What role does preparedness play in managing mass casualty incidents?
What role does preparedness play in managing mass casualty incidents?
- It can help prevent disasters from occurring
- It eliminates the need for community involvement
- It allows for rapid resource allocation during incidents (correct)
- It minimizes the need for triage systems
Which of the following best describes a mass casualty incident?
Which of the following best describes a mass casualty incident?
How can some effects of disasters be mitigated before they occur?
How can some effects of disasters be mitigated before they occur?
What is the primary focus during the activation phase of disaster response?
What is the primary focus during the activation phase of disaster response?
Which level of disaster indicates that local emergency response personnel can effectively manage the situation?
Which level of disaster indicates that local emergency response personnel can effectively manage the situation?
What is crucial to ensure during the triaging process in mass casualty incidents?
What is crucial to ensure during the triaging process in mass casualty incidents?
Which triage system is the most widely used in the United States for mass casualty incidents?
Which triage system is the most widely used in the United States for mass casualty incidents?
What should be documented and recorded throughout the planning process in disaster response?
What should be documented and recorded throughout the planning process in disaster response?
What is the primary purpose of assigning a color-coded tag to patients during triage?
What is the primary purpose of assigning a color-coded tag to patients during triage?
Which intervention should be done for apneic children who have a pulse according to JumpSTART?
Which intervention should be done for apneic children who have a pulse according to JumpSTART?
What does the AVPU mnemonic help assess in pediatric patients during triage?
What does the AVPU mnemonic help assess in pediatric patients during triage?
What color tag is assigned to a patient who is unresponsive during the neurological assessment?
What color tag is assigned to a patient who is unresponsive during the neurological assessment?
During a mass casualty incident, what should victims wear to facilitate identification?
During a mass casualty incident, what should victims wear to facilitate identification?
What is the significance of the age cutoff of eight years old in the JumpSTART assessment?
What is the significance of the age cutoff of eight years old in the JumpSTART assessment?
What does a black triage tag signify?
What does a black triage tag signify?
What is the immediate priority when multiple injuries occur in a disaster situation?
What is the immediate priority when multiple injuries occur in a disaster situation?
Which triage category is assigned to patients with serious injuries that are not immediately life-threatening?
Which triage category is assigned to patients with serious injuries that are not immediately life-threatening?
How is patient information tracked during triage in an outdoor emergency situation?
How is patient information tracked during triage in an outdoor emergency situation?
Under the START triage system, which condition would result in a red tag assignment?
Under the START triage system, which condition would result in a red tag assignment?
What is the primary purpose of the SALT triage system?
What is the primary purpose of the SALT triage system?
In the START triage method, what action is taken to categorize green-tagged patients?
In the START triage method, what action is taken to categorize green-tagged patients?
Which assessment is NOT part of the criteria for assigning a red tag under the START system?
Which assessment is NOT part of the criteria for assigning a red tag under the START system?
During the SALT triage process, what does the 'SORT' step involve?
During the SALT triage process, what does the 'SORT' step involve?
What is the first action in the START triage process?
What is the first action in the START triage process?
A Level 2 disaster requires only local emergency response personnel to manage effectively.
A Level 2 disaster requires only local emergency response personnel to manage effectively.
START is the most widely used triage system in the United States for mass casualty incidents.
START is the most widely used triage system in the United States for mass casualty incidents.
The implementation phase of disaster response focuses solely on recovery and development.
The implementation phase of disaster response focuses solely on recovery and development.
The SALT triage system includes a step for life-saving interventions.
The SALT triage system includes a step for life-saving interventions.
In triaging, it is considered best practice to use multiple triage systems simultaneously for greater accuracy.
In triaging, it is considered best practice to use multiple triage systems simultaneously for greater accuracy.
Mass casualty incidents can quickly overwhelm local medical resources due to the quantity, severity, and diversity of patients.
Mass casualty incidents can quickly overwhelm local medical resources due to the quantity, severity, and diversity of patients.
The four main components of disaster planning do not include identifying hazards.
The four main components of disaster planning do not include identifying hazards.
Preparedness and planning for disasters are unnecessary, as such events are rare and predictable.
Preparedness and planning for disasters are unnecessary, as such events are rare and predictable.
Minimal treatment is provided during triage to patients with severe injuries during mass casualty incidents.
Minimal treatment is provided during triage to patients with severe injuries during mass casualty incidents.
Emergency disaster plans should be vague and not require regular revisions or practices.
Emergency disaster plans should be vague and not require regular revisions or practices.
Saving lives in a disaster requires that life-saving interventions be time-intensive.
Saving lives in a disaster requires that life-saving interventions be time-intensive.
The age cutoff for using JumpSTART to assess pediatric patients is eight years old.
The age cutoff for using JumpSTART to assess pediatric patients is eight years old.
Patients who are unresponsive during the neurological assessment receive a green tag designation.
Patients who are unresponsive during the neurological assessment receive a green tag designation.
A black tag is given to apneic children with a pulse after giving them five rescue breaths.
A black tag is given to apneic children with a pulse after giving them five rescue breaths.
Black tags are assigned to victims who are breathing spontaneously.
Black tags are assigned to victims who are breathing spontaneously.
In mass casualty triage, victims are evaluated and identified based on their names.
In mass casualty triage, victims are evaluated and identified based on their names.
The START triage system categorizes green patients as those who have minor injuries but can walk.
The START triage system categorizes green patients as those who have minor injuries but can walk.
The AVPU mnemonic stands for alert, responds to verbal stimuli, responds to painful stimuli, and unresponsive.
The AVPU mnemonic stands for alert, responds to verbal stimuli, responds to painful stimuli, and unresponsive.
Normal respiratory rates for children are considered to be between 10 and 30 breaths per minute.
Normal respiratory rates for children are considered to be between 10 and 30 breaths per minute.
In both START and SALT triage systems, immediate care is prioritized for patients with yellow tags.
In both START and SALT triage systems, immediate care is prioritized for patients with yellow tags.
In a catastrophic plan, the hospital director uses a messenger system to call the staff back to work.
In a catastrophic plan, the hospital director uses a messenger system to call the staff back to work.
A patient with a respiratory rate greater than 30 would receive a red tag under the START triage system.
A patient with a respiratory rate greater than 30 would receive a red tag under the START triage system.
The SALT triage method includes a step for performing simple life-saving techniques during the triage phase.
The SALT triage method includes a step for performing simple life-saving techniques during the triage phase.
Yellow tags are assigned to patients who are able to follow simple commands.
Yellow tags are assigned to patients who are able to follow simple commands.
In the SALT triage approach, waving an arm or leg is used to assess who needs help.
In the SALT triage approach, waving an arm or leg is used to assess who needs help.
Walking wounded patients are categorized under the red tag in the START triage system.
Walking wounded patients are categorized under the red tag in the START triage system.
Flashcards
Mass Casualty Incidents
Mass Casualty Incidents
Events with many injured that overwhelm local medical resources, requiring prioritization.
Disaster Planning
Disaster Planning
Systematic process for preparing for disasters with four main components.
Identifying Hazards
Identifying Hazards
Identifying potential risks and threats that could cause a disaster.
Mitigating Risks
Mitigating Risks
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Preparing and Responding to Emergencies
Preparing and Responding to Emergencies
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Level 3 Disaster
Level 3 Disaster
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Level 1 Disaster
Level 1 Disaster
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Level 2 Disaster
Level 2 Disaster
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Activation (Disaster Planning)
Activation (Disaster Planning)
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START Triage
START Triage
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Triage tag
Triage tag
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RED tag
RED tag
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YELLOW tag
YELLOW tag
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GREEN tag
GREEN tag
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BLACK tag
BLACK tag
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Casualty collection point
Casualty collection point
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START system
START system
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JumpSTART system
JumpSTART system
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Normal respiratory rate in START
Normal respiratory rate in START
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Abnormal respiratory rate in START
Abnormal respiratory rate in START
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AVPU assessment
AVPU assessment
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Catastrophic hospital plan
Catastrophic hospital plan
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Triage area
Triage area
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Emergency Disaster Plan
Emergency Disaster Plan
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Disaster Mitigation
Disaster Mitigation
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Triage System
Triage System
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Disaster Planning Exercises
Disaster Planning Exercises
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Disaster Planning Process
Disaster Planning Process
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Triage
Triage
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Black Tag (Triage)
Black Tag (Triage)
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Yellow Tag (Triage)
Yellow Tag (Triage)
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Red Tag (Triage)
Red Tag (Triage)
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Green Tag (Triage)
Green Tag (Triage)
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START Triage System
START Triage System
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What is START Triage?
What is START Triage?
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What is the JumpSTART system?
What is the JumpSTART system?
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How is neurological assessment done in JumpSTART?
How is neurological assessment done in JumpSTART?
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What is considered an abnormal respiratory rate in START?
What is considered an abnormal respiratory rate in START?
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What is a catastrophic hospital plan?
What is a catastrophic hospital plan?
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What is a triage area?
What is a triage area?
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What are triage tags used for?
What are triage tags used for?
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What is a casualty collection point?
What is a casualty collection point?
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Study Notes
Terrorism, Mass Casualty, and Disaster Nursing
- Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) are disasters with a large number, severity, and diverse patient population, overwhelming local resources. This is a major concern for healthcare facilities.
- Terrorist attacks, including biological, nuclear, incendiary, chemical, and explosive attacks are considered technological hazards by nature. (earthquakes, tornadoes)
- Preparedness and planning are crucial for MCIs, as they can occur in any community. Pre-hospital triage systems are essential for effective resource allocation once the incident occurs.
- Triage systems prioritize the allocation of limited resources such as healthcare workers, equipment, and supplies to maximize the benefit for the greatest amount of people.
- Triage aims to rapidly move patients away from the incident scene to facilities with more comprehensive resources to treat them.
- Disaster planning is a systematic process with four key components:
- Hazard identification
- Risk mitigation (identifying how to reduce effects before the event)
- Emergency preparedness and response, including specific written plans, practice exercises, and community resource identification
- Disaster recovery/development. (Debriefing vital for evaluating and improving future response)
- Disaster levels are graded based on the level of support needed.
- Level 1: Local resources sufficient for managing the disaster. Local personnel and emergency organizations contain the disaster and manage the aftermath.
- Level 2: Regional efforts and outside assistance are necessary, including mutual aid from surrounding communities.
- Level 3: Regional resources are overwhelmed. Statewide or federal assistance is required.
- Triage systems, like START (Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment) use colored tags or markings to categorize injuries and prioritize treatment.
- BLACK: Deceased/expectant (incompatible with life)
- RED: Immediate (high potential for survival with treatment prioritized)
- YELLOW: Delayed (serious but not immediately life-threatening)
- GREEN: Walking wounded (minor injuries)
- START and SALT (Sort, Assess, Life-saving Interventions, Treatment/triage) are common triage systems, with SALT adding simple life-saving techniques during triage.
- JumpSTART is a modification of the START system, tailored for pediatric patients, differentiating based on age. Children under 8 years old have different normal respiratory rates; a pulse, then 5 rescue breaths, then a black tag. Abnormal posturing; or unresponsive to stimuli will result in a red tag designation by using the mnemonic AVPU (alert, verbal, painful, unresponsive).
- Hospitals have a pre-set catastrophic plan.
- Staff members are assigned tasks (through a messenger system) on arrival, based on the plan.
- Victims are assigned a number; triage cards and bracelets are used to identify victims based on the assigned number.
- Traged victims are initially triaged outside the Emergency Department (ED) and assigned to different groups based on color-coded groups, depending on severity of injury. Administrative staff members collaborate with hospital administrators and outside emergency response personnel (including Red Cross) for each victim.
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Description
This quiz explores the critical aspects of nursing in mass casualty incidents (MCIs) and terrorism-related disasters. It covers the significance of preparedness, triage systems, and the systematic processes involved in disaster planning. Understanding these elements is essential for effective healthcare response in emergencies.
