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Questions and Answers
What is a teratogen?
What is a teratogen?
- A hormone in males that affects strength
- The embryo or fetus
- The baby's genetic makeup
- An environmental agent that causes harm to the embryo or fetus (correct)
Early exposure to a teratogen is likely to lead to which of the following?
Early exposure to a teratogen is likely to lead to which of the following?
- Structural damage
- Structural damage AND an easier labor for the mother
- Structural damage AND functional damage (correct)
- An easier labor for the mother
- Functional damage
What are the most widely used recreational drugs?
What are the most widely used recreational drugs?
- Mescaline
- Amphetamines
- Alcohol and tobacco (correct)
- Naproxen
Effects of maternal cocaine use on babies include all of the following EXCEPT:
Effects of maternal cocaine use on babies include all of the following EXCEPT:
How does carbon monoxide increase the risk of fetal hypoxia?
How does carbon monoxide increase the risk of fetal hypoxia?
The most prevalent fetal defect associated with congenital rubella disease is:
The most prevalent fetal defect associated with congenital rubella disease is:
Toxoplasmosis is associated with:
Toxoplasmosis is associated with:
Anti-D IgG immunoglobulin has been successful in protection against:
Anti-D IgG immunoglobulin has been successful in protection against:
Down syndrome is:
Down syndrome is:
Symptoms of walking delayed two or more years, short stature, slow speech development, and prominent anatomical features suggest:
Symptoms of walking delayed two or more years, short stature, slow speech development, and prominent anatomical features suggest:
Which of the following statements about cystic fibrosis (CF) is EXCEPT:
Which of the following statements about cystic fibrosis (CF) is EXCEPT:
Amniocentesis is administered:
Amniocentesis is administered:
The amount of weight a woman should gain over the course of pregnancy is influenced by:
The amount of weight a woman should gain over the course of pregnancy is influenced by:
During which stage of prenatal development is the morula formed?
During which stage of prenatal development is the morula formed?
During which prenatal period is the developing organism most susceptible to teratogens?
During which prenatal period is the developing organism most susceptible to teratogens?
In the situation where both the mother and the father carry the sickle-cell trait, what is the probability that they will produce a child with the sickle-cell trait?
In the situation where both the mother and the father carry the sickle-cell trait, what is the probability that they will produce a child with the sickle-cell trait?
Some researchers believe that overemphasis on achievement in a baby's early life may hamper:
Some researchers believe that overemphasis on achievement in a baby's early life may hamper:
Motor development programs to enhance early development are categorized as 'no programming' and 'programming.' In the 'no programming' motor program, it is suggested that:
Motor development programs to enhance early development are categorized as 'no programming' and 'programming.' In the 'no programming' motor program, it is suggested that:
In 'programming' motor development programs, it is suggested that:
In 'programming' motor development programs, it is suggested that:
The Gymboree philosophy contends that:
The Gymboree philosophy contends that:
Throughout the last decade, one of the most common forms of early motor stimulation has been:
Throughout the last decade, one of the most common forms of early motor stimulation has been:
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, children are generally not ready for swimming lessons until what age?
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, children are generally not ready for swimming lessons until what age?
The Suzuki method of learning to play the violin:
The Suzuki method of learning to play the violin:
Head Start programs:
Head Start programs:
Research on infant walkers has shown that:
Research on infant walkers has shown that:
According to the classic book, The Hopi Child, the frequent use of cradleboards for infants resulted in:
According to the classic book, The Hopi Child, the frequent use of cradleboards for infants resulted in:
Infants under extended hospital care in nonstimulating environments often fail to gain weight and tend to develop respiratory conditions and fever. This condition is known as:
Infants under extended hospital care in nonstimulating environments often fail to gain weight and tend to develop respiratory conditions and fever. This condition is known as:
A time of particular or maximum sensitivity to environmental stimuli is known as:
A time of particular or maximum sensitivity to environmental stimuli is known as:
'Catch-up' is a developmental concept referring to:
'Catch-up' is a developmental concept referring to:
Tanner's (1978) growth curve is an example of:
Tanner's (1978) growth curve is an example of:
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, infant walkers should:
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, infant walkers should:
The term best used to describe infant swim programs is:
The term best used to describe infant swim programs is:
A measurement used to estimate the stature of an individual who is unable to stand erect is:
A measurement used to estimate the stature of an individual who is unable to stand erect is:
Median birth length is:
Median birth length is:
During the first year of postnatal life, body length increases about:
During the first year of postnatal life, body length increases about:
The midgrowth spurt in height is a growth spurt that generally occurs:
The midgrowth spurt in height is a growth spurt that generally occurs:
Most of the height gained during the adolescent growth spurt is due to:
Most of the height gained during the adolescent growth spurt is due to:
After age 30, stature generally remains stable for:
After age 30, stature generally remains stable for:
Full adult height is attained when a female:
Full adult height is attained when a female:
At middle age, there is an apparent decrease in height caused by:
At middle age, there is an apparent decrease in height caused by:
A velocity curve for height is useful in depicting:
A velocity curve for height is useful in depicting:
Factors affecting birth weight include:
Factors affecting birth weight include:
Midway through prenatal life, the fetus weighs:
Midway through prenatal life, the fetus weighs:
During the first year of life, body weight can be expected to:
During the first year of life, body weight can be expected to:
Average mature body weight is approximately:
Average mature body weight is approximately:
Research has consistently indicated that heavy babies often exhibit:
Research has consistently indicated that heavy babies often exhibit:
Adolescent awkwardness is:
Adolescent awkwardness is:
Adolescent awkwardness occurs:
Adolescent awkwardness occurs:
Adolescent awkwardness is:
Adolescent awkwardness is:
At birth, the percentage of total body length accounted for by head and legs respectively is:
At birth, the percentage of total body length accounted for by head and legs respectively is:
The most widely accepted assessment of maturation is:
The most widely accepted assessment of maturation is:
The area of the body most frequently x-rayed to monitor bone growth and maturation is:
The area of the body most frequently x-rayed to monitor bone growth and maturation is:
The result of the condition referred to as 'female athlete triad' is:
The result of the condition referred to as 'female athlete triad' is:
According to the Fels longitudinal growth study, what is the average age at which American boys and girls reach peak height velocity?
According to the Fels longitudinal growth study, what is the average age at which American boys and girls reach peak height velocity?
In developed countries, the average age at the onset of menarche is:
In developed countries, the average age at the onset of menarche is:
To determine dental maturity, researchers examine:
To determine dental maturity, researchers examine:
Sheldon's (1940) process of identifying physique according to three general configurations is known as:
Sheldon's (1940) process of identifying physique according to three general configurations is known as:
The normal growth and development process is:
The normal growth and development process is:
The tranquilizing drug that caused more than 5,000 malformed births in West Germany and dispelled the myth that the maternal environment was a protective shelter for the developing fetus was:
The tranquilizing drug that caused more than 5,000 malformed births in West Germany and dispelled the myth that the maternal environment was a protective shelter for the developing fetus was:
Prescription drugs affect the fetus by:
Prescription drugs affect the fetus by:
Study Notes
Teratogens and Their Effects
- Teratogen: An environmental agent causing harm to an embryo or fetus.
- Early teratogen exposure results in structural and functional damage to the developing baby.
- Alcohol and tobacco are the most widely used recreational drugs impacting fetal development.
Cocaine and Maternal Drug Use
- Maternal cocaine use may cause extreme irritability in babies, miscarriage, and poor sucking ability.
- Cocaine does not typically cause blood vessel dilation or increased oxygen transport to the brain.
Fetal Development Risks
- Carbon monoxide exposure interferes with hemoglobin's ability to carry oxygen, increasing the risk of fetal hypoxia.
- Congenital rubella disease most commonly leads to deafness in newborns.
- Toxoplasmosis, a risk during pregnancy, is linked to cats.
Medical Interventions and Genetic Disorders
- Anti-D IgG immunoglobulin protects against Rh incompatibility risks during pregnancy.
- Down syndrome, also known as mongolism, is the most common cytogenetic disorder and genetic defect.
- Symptoms of Down syndrome include developmental delays and specific physical features.
Cystic Fibrosis
- Cystic fibrosis (CF) affects one in 25 Caucasians, has no cure, and commonly results in respiratory issues and fatigue.
Prenatal Diagnostics and Maternal Health
- Amniocentesis is performed primarily for high-risk pregnancies to test for abnormalities.
- Recommended weight gain during pregnancy is influenced by the mother's body mass index.
Prenatal Development Stages
- The morula forms during the germinal period of prenatal development.
- The embryonic period is when the developing organism is most susceptible to teratogens.
Genetic Traits and Developmental Concepts
- When both parents carry the sickle-cell gene, there is a 50% chance of having a child with sickle-cell trait.
- Overemphasis on achievement in early childhood may hinder emotional, creative, and physical development.
Motor Development Programs
- "No programming" motor development suggests infants should be left on their backs until they can change positions independently.
- "Programming" suggests actively engaging infants with toys to stimulate movement.
Early Childhood Programs and Play
- The Gymboree philosophy values play activities crucial for development, often lacking at home.
- Swim programs for infants are among the most common forms of early motor stimulation recommended.
Growth and Height Development
- Children are typically ready for swimming lessons around age four.
- Full adult height is reached by age 18 for females and 20 for males; females generally reach peak height velocity earlier.
Body Growth and Stature
- At birth, the head constitutes 25% of total body length, while legs account for 15%.
- Height velocity curves are valuable for tracking growth patterns and identifying periods of rapid growth.
Factors Influencing Weight and Growth
- Birth weight is significantly influenced by maternal size, socio-economic status, and birth order.
- Average body weight by adulthood is roughly 20 times birth weight.
Infants and Environmental Stimulation
- Infants in nonstimulating hospital settings may experience dwarf deprivation, failing to gain weight.
- Critical periods indicate times of maximum sensitivity to environmental stimuli during development.
The Impact of Drugs on Pregnancy
- Thalidomide caused extensive birth defects, altering perceptions of maternal impact on fetal safety.
- Prescription drugs can harm a developing fetus by targeting the fastest-growing body parts during usage.
Physical Development at Adolescence
- Adolescent awkwardness, a temporary decline in motor performance during growth spurts, predominantly affects boys.
- Height typically stabilizes around age 30, but can decline later due to various physiological factors.
Assessment of Growth and Maturation
- Skeletal age is the most accepted method for assessing maturation in children.
- Monitoring growth often includes examinations of dental maturity through teeth count and calcification degree.
Overall Growth Process
- Normal growth and development are predictable, varying in timing and pace among individuals.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the impact of teratogens on fetal development and the various risks associated with maternal drug use. It covers substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine, as well as genetic disorders like Down syndrome and infections like toxoplasmosis. Test your knowledge on how these factors affect embryonic and fetal health.
