Teratogens and Genetic Disruptions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the consequences for children born to mothers who use or abuse psychoactive drugs during pregnancy?

  • Higher likelihood of advanced cognitive abilities
  • Low birth weights and difficulty regulating sleep-wake cycles (correct)
  • Decreased risk of developmental issues
  • High birth weights

What is a potential consequence for children born to fathers who work with toxic chemicals?

  • Improved physical health
  • Enhanced cognitive abilities
  • Increased risk of prenatal abnormalities (correct)
  • Decreased likelihood of genetic disorders

What did previous assumptions link to an increased likelihood of Down syndrome?

  • Father's age only
  • No correlation with parental age
  • Both mother's and father's age
  • Mother's age only (correct)

What impact has alcohol use by fathers been linked to in terms of prenatal and birth abnormalities?

<p>Increased likelihood of birth abnormalities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of Down syndrome cases are attributed to difficulties with the father's sperm?

<p>1/3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence for children born to fathers who have jobs working with toxic chemicals?

<p>Increased risk of genetic disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are teratogens?

<p>Environmental factors that can negatively affect prenatal development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a genetic disruption in prenatal development?

<p>An error or break in the genetic material before the fertilization process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does maternal age influence prenatal defects?

<p>The incidence of prenatal defects increases with maternal age (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental factors can impact prenatal development?

<p>Smoking, drinking, and drug use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are older mothers more likely to have children with birth defects?

<p>Older ova might be more likely to be defective due to aging (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of genetic disruptions before the fertilization process?

<p>Can result in minor issues like birthmarks or major problems like mental retardation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does maternal malnutrition impact prenatal development?

<p>It leads to an increase in miscarriages, stillbirth, and premature births. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of maternal calcium deficiencies on prenatal development?

<p>Affecting the development of bones and teeth in the fetus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can infectious diseases impact prenatal development?

<p>They can cause blindness, deafness, or heart disease in the fetus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does cigarette smoking have on prenatal growth?

<p>It causes retarded prenatal growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does alcohol affect unborn children during pregnancy?

<p>It is quickly passed through the placenta from the mother to the fetus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are potential consequences of a mother contracting Rubella during pregnancy?

<p>Possibility of blindness, deafness, or heart disease in the fetus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During what stage of prenatal development does the human brain begin to develop rapidly, producing more neurons than needed by the fetus?

<p>Embryonic stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is most highly developed at birth and is involved in arousal and involuntary body functions like respiration?

<p>Brain stem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain thickens during the first 3 months of life after birth, leading to the development of primary motor areas?

<p>Cerebral cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage marks the final phase of prenatal brain development, although brain development continues post-birth?

<p>Fetal stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of prenatal development does the zygote form into a hollow ball called a blastocyst?

<p>Germinal stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what point does the brain undergo its most rapid development according to the text?

<p>During prenatal development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what point does the embryonic stage of prenatal development typically come to an end?

<p>After eight weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can affect fetal brain development, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Genetic disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of prenatal development do most of the cell divisions and the formation of organs take place?

<p>Embryonic stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which week does the fetal stage of prenatal development typically begin?

<p>Week 8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the developing child called during the fetal stage of prenatal development?

<p>Fetus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of prenatal development typically involves the zygote moving down the fallopian tube towards the uterus?

<p>Germinal stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does human life begin according to the text?

<p>At fertilization when the sperm cell unites with the egg cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens once the sperm penetrates the egg during fertilization?

<p>The head of the sperm ruptures, spilling genetic material from the father into the egg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the fertilized egg after conception?

<p>Zygote (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are present in a fertilized egg?

<p>46 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the genetic sex of the baby?

<p>The chromosomes contributed by the father (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences human development as indicated in the text?

<p>Genetic predisposition and environmental experiences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the stage of prenatal development when the zygote moves down the fallopian tube towards the uterus?

<p>Germinal stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does most of the cell divisions and the formation of organs take place during prenatal development?

<p>Embryonic stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage marks the beginning of human life according to the text?

<p>Germinal stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the developing child during the embryonic stage of prenatal development?

<p>Embryo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genetic sex in humans is decided by:

<p>The father only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens once the sperm penetrates the egg during fertilization?

<p>The sperm head ruptures spilling genetic material. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the developing child from week eight until birth?

<p>Fetus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of prenatal development does the face, eyes, ears, fingers, and toes become identifiable?

<p>Embryonic stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What marks the beginning of the embryonic stage of prenatal development?

<p>Implantation of zygote into the uterus wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of prenatal development is characterized by rapid cell growth and the formation of a blastocyst?

<p>Germinal stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what point does the zygote move towards the uterus?

<p>After implantation in the uterus wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the fetal stage typically begin in terms of weeks after conception?

<p>Week 8 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the fetal stage of prenatal development, which parts of the brain are most highly developed at birth?

<p>Brain stem and midbrain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the primary sensor and motor areas in brain development during the first 6 months after birth?

<p>Limb and body movement controls (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of prenatal development does the human brain start to develop rapidly, producing more neurons than the fetus needs?

<p>Embryonic stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What marks the final stage of prenatal brain development, even though brain development continues after birth?

<p>Thickening of the cerebral cortex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain thickens during the first 3 months of life, leading to the development of primary motor areas?

<p>Cerebral cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can impact fetal brain development according to the text?

<p>Both environmental factors and genetic disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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