Teratogens and Genetic Disruptions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the consequences for children born to mothers who use or abuse psychoactive drugs during pregnancy?

  • Higher likelihood of advanced cognitive abilities
  • Low birth weights and difficulty regulating sleep-wake cycles (correct)
  • Decreased risk of developmental issues
  • High birth weights

    • What is a potential consequence for children born to fathers who work with toxic chemicals?

  • Improved physical health
  • Enhanced cognitive abilities
  • Increased risk of prenatal abnormalities (correct)
  • Decreased likelihood of genetic disorders

    • What did previous assumptions link to an increased likelihood of Down syndrome?

  • Father's age only
  • No correlation with parental age
  • Both mother's and father's age
  • Mother's age only (correct)

    • What impact has alcohol use by fathers been linked to in terms of prenatal and birth abnormalities?

    <p>Increased likelihood of birth abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of Down syndrome cases are attributed to difficulties with the father's sperm?

    <p>1/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence for children born to fathers who have jobs working with toxic chemicals?

    <p>Increased risk of genetic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are teratogens?

    <p>Environmental factors that can negatively affect prenatal development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a genetic disruption in prenatal development?

    <p>An error or break in the genetic material before the fertilization process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does maternal age influence prenatal defects?

    <p>The incidence of prenatal defects increases with maternal age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental factors can impact prenatal development?

    <p>Smoking, drinking, and drug use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are older mothers more likely to have children with birth defects?

    <p>Older ova might be more likely to be defective due to aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of genetic disruptions before the fertilization process?

    <p>Can result in minor issues like birthmarks or major problems like mental retardation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does maternal malnutrition impact prenatal development?

    <p>It leads to an increase in miscarriages, stillbirth, and premature births.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of maternal calcium deficiencies on prenatal development?

    <p>Affecting the development of bones and teeth in the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can infectious diseases impact prenatal development?

    <p>They can cause blindness, deafness, or heart disease in the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does cigarette smoking have on prenatal growth?

    <p>It causes retarded prenatal growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does alcohol affect unborn children during pregnancy?

    <p>It is quickly passed through the placenta from the mother to the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are potential consequences of a mother contracting Rubella during pregnancy?

    <p>Possibility of blindness, deafness, or heart disease in the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what stage of prenatal development does the human brain begin to develop rapidly, producing more neurons than needed by the fetus?

    <p>Embryonic stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is most highly developed at birth and is involved in arousal and involuntary body functions like respiration?

    <p>Brain stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the brain thickens during the first 3 months of life after birth, leading to the development of primary motor areas?

    <p>Cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage marks the final phase of prenatal brain development, although brain development continues post-birth?

    <p>Fetal stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of prenatal development does the zygote form into a hollow ball called a blastocyst?

    <p>Germinal stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point does the brain undergo its most rapid development according to the text?

    <p>During prenatal development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point does the embryonic stage of prenatal development typically come to an end?

    <p>After eight weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can affect fetal brain development, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Genetic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of prenatal development do most of the cell divisions and the formation of organs take place?

    <p>Embryonic stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which week does the fetal stage of prenatal development typically begin?

    <p>Week 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the developing child called during the fetal stage of prenatal development?

    <p>Fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of prenatal development typically involves the zygote moving down the fallopian tube towards the uterus?

    <p>Germinal stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does human life begin according to the text?

    <p>At fertilization when the sperm cell unites with the egg cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens once the sperm penetrates the egg during fertilization?

    <p>The head of the sperm ruptures, spilling genetic material from the father into the egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the fertilized egg after conception?

    <p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes are present in a fertilized egg?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the genetic sex of the baby?

    <p>The chromosomes contributed by the father</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences human development as indicated in the text?

    <p>Genetic predisposition and environmental experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the stage of prenatal development when the zygote moves down the fallopian tube towards the uterus?

    <p>Germinal stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does most of the cell divisions and the formation of organs take place during prenatal development?

    <p>Embryonic stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage marks the beginning of human life according to the text?

    <p>Germinal stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the developing child during the embryonic stage of prenatal development?

    <p>Embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic sex in humans is decided by:

    <p>The father only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens once the sperm penetrates the egg during fertilization?

    <p>The sperm head ruptures spilling genetic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the developing child from week eight until birth?

    <p>Fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of prenatal development does the face, eyes, ears, fingers, and toes become identifiable?

    <p>Embryonic stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the beginning of the embryonic stage of prenatal development?

    <p>Implantation of zygote into the uterus wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of prenatal development is characterized by rapid cell growth and the formation of a blastocyst?

    <p>Germinal stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point does the zygote move towards the uterus?

    <p>After implantation in the uterus wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the fetal stage typically begin in terms of weeks after conception?

    <p>Week 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the fetal stage of prenatal development, which parts of the brain are most highly developed at birth?

    <p>Brain stem and midbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the primary sensor and motor areas in brain development during the first 6 months after birth?

    <p>Limb and body movement controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of prenatal development does the human brain start to develop rapidly, producing more neurons than the fetus needs?

    <p>Embryonic stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the final stage of prenatal brain development, even though brain development continues after birth?

    <p>Thickening of the cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain thickens during the first 3 months of life, leading to the development of primary motor areas?

    <p>Cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can impact fetal brain development according to the text?

    <p>Both environmental factors and genetic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

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