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Questions and Answers
What is the process of heat transfer through direct contact between molecules?
What is the process of heat transfer through direct contact between molecules?
What is the term for redness of the skin associated with various skin rashes?
What is the term for redness of the skin associated with various skin rashes?
What is the term for a body temperature above the usual range?
What is the term for a body temperature above the usual range?
What is the term for the use of extreme cold to freeze and remove abnormal tissue?
What is the term for the use of extreme cold to freeze and remove abnormal tissue?
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What is a contraindication for heat therapy?
What is a contraindication for heat therapy?
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What is a type of heat therapy?
What is a type of heat therapy?
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What is a contraindication for cold therapy?
What is a contraindication for cold therapy?
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What is the term for a core body temperature below the lower limit of normal?
What is the term for a core body temperature below the lower limit of normal?
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What is a contraindication to the use of heat?
What is a contraindication to the use of heat?
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What is a contraindication to the use of cold?
What is a contraindication to the use of cold?
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What is the effect of heat on inflammation?
What is the effect of heat on inflammation?
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What is the effect of cold on pain?
What is the effect of cold on pain?
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What is the purpose of tepid sponging?
What is the purpose of tepid sponging?
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What is a guideline for the application of heat and cold?
What is a guideline for the application of heat and cold?
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What is a contraindication to the use of heat in the first 24 hours after traumatic injury?
What is a contraindication to the use of heat in the first 24 hours after traumatic injury?
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What is the effect of heat on muscle spasm?
What is the effect of heat on muscle spasm?
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What type of heat therapy is provided by a compress, hot pack, soak, or sitz bath?
What type of heat therapy is provided by a compress, hot pack, soak, or sitz bath?
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Before applying heat or cold therapy, what should be done?
Before applying heat or cold therapy, what should be done?
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What is a contraindication for cold therapy?
What is a contraindication for cold therapy?
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What type of cold therapy is applied locally by means of a cold pack, ice bag, ice glove, or ice collar?
What type of cold therapy is applied locally by means of a cold pack, ice bag, ice glove, or ice collar?
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What should be done 15 minutes after starting the heat or cold therapy?
What should be done 15 minutes after starting the heat or cold therapy?
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What is a contraindication for heat therapy?
What is a contraindication for heat therapy?
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What type of heat therapy is provided by a hot water bottle, aquathermia pad, disposable heat pack, or electric pad?
What type of heat therapy is provided by a hot water bottle, aquathermia pad, disposable heat pack, or electric pad?
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After applying heat or cold therapy, what should be done?
After applying heat or cold therapy, what should be done?
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What is vasoconstriction?
What is vasoconstriction?
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What is the normal body temperature?
What is the normal body temperature?
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What is the process of transferring heat through air or liquid currents?
What is the process of transferring heat through air or liquid currents?
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What is the application of heat to the body for local and systemic effects called?
What is the application of heat to the body for local and systemic effects called?
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What is the application of cold to the body for local and systemic effects called?
What is the application of cold to the body for local and systemic effects called?
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What is the effect of heat application on blood vessels?
What is the effect of heat application on blood vessels?
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What is the effect of heat application on pain?
What is the effect of heat application on pain?
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When is heat application contraindicated?
When is heat application contraindicated?
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What is the effect of extensive cold applications on a patient's blood pressure?
What is the effect of extensive cold applications on a patient's blood pressure?
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What is a normal response to prolonged cold exposure?
What is a normal response to prolonged cold exposure?
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Which of the following conditions necessitates precautions in the use of cold applications?
Which of the following conditions necessitates precautions in the use of cold applications?
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What is the effect of heat on bleeding and swelling after injury or surgery?
What is the effect of heat on bleeding and swelling after injury or surgery?
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Which of the following body parts is highly temperature sensitive?
Which of the following body parts is highly temperature sensitive?
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What is the effect of size of the exposed body part on physiological tolerance to heat and cold?
What is the effect of size of the exposed body part on physiological tolerance to heat and cold?
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What is the effect of individual tolerance on physiological tolerance to heat and cold?
What is the effect of individual tolerance on physiological tolerance to heat and cold?
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What is the effect of injured skin areas on physiological tolerance to heat and cold?
What is the effect of injured skin areas on physiological tolerance to heat and cold?
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Study Notes
Temperature Ranges for Hot and Cold Applications
- Very Cold: Below 15°C (59°F) - Ice bags
- Cold: 15°C - 18°C (59°F - 65°F) - Cold Packs
- Cool: 18°C - 27°C (65°F - 80°F) - Cold Compression
- Tepid: 27°C - 37°C (80°F - 98°F) - Alcohol sponge bath
- Warm: 37°C - 40°C (98°F - 104°F) - Warm bath, aquathermia pads
- Hot: 40°C - 46°C (104°F - 115°F) - Hot soak, irrigations, hot compress
- Very Hot: Above 46°C (above 115°F) - Hot water bags for adults
Applying Heat and Cold
- Heat can be applied in both dry and moist forms
- Dry heat: hot water bottle, aquanthermia pad, disposable heat pack, or electric pad
- Moist heat: compress, hot pack, soak, or sitz bath
- Dry cold: cold pack, ice bag, ice glove, or ice collar
- Continuous cold therapy (cryotherapy): following joint surgery or injury
Guidelines for Local Applications of Heat or Cold
- Determine the patient's ability to tolerate the therapy
- Identify conditions that might contraindicate treatment (e.g., bleeding, circulatory impairment)
- Explain the application to the patient
- Assess the skin area to which the heat/cold will be applied
- Ask the patient to report any discomfort
- Return to the patient 15 minutes after starting the heat/cold therapy and observe the local skin area for any untoward signs (e.g., redness)
- Stop the application if any problems occur
- Remove the equipment at the designated time and dispose of it appropriately
- Examine the area to which the heat or cold was applied and record the patient's response
Contraindications to the Use of Heat and Cold
- Neurosensory impairment
- Impaired mental status
- Impaired circulation
- Open wounds
Contraindications to the Use of Heat
- The first 24 hours after traumatic injury
- Active hemorrhage
- Noninflammatory edema
- Skin disorder
Contraindications to the Use of Cold
- Open wounds
- Impaired circulation
- Allergy/hypersensitivity to cold
Selected Indications of Heat and Cold
- Muscle spasm: heat relaxes muscles and increases their contractility; cold relaxes muscles and decreases muscle contractility
- Inflammation: heat increases blood flow, softens exudates; cold vasoconstriction decreases capillary permeability, decreases blood flow, slows cellular metabolism
- Pain: heat relieves pain by promoting muscle relaxation, increasing circulation, and promoting psychological relaxation and a feeling of comfort; cold decreases pain by slowing nerve conduction rate and blocking nerve impulses
- Contracture: heat reduces contracture and increases joint range of motion
- Joint stiffness: heat reduces joint stiffness by decreasing viscosity of synovial fluid and increasing tissue distensibility
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Description
Learn about the different temperature ranges and their corresponding medical applications, from ice bags to warm baths.