TCM Theory Test
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Questions and Answers

What is the earliest known written record of TCM?

  • Shang Dynasty archaeological findings
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Book of Changes
  • The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic (correct)

    • In which dynasty were the concepts of Yin and Yang and Five Elements firmly established?

  • Zhou Dynasty
  • Tang Dynasty
  • Han Dynasty (correct)
  • Shang Dynasty

    • What archaeological findings from the Shang Dynasty are associated with TCM?

  • Stone tablets with medical texts
  • Herbal remedies and incense burners
  • Statues of ancient healers
  • Acupuncture needles and divination bones (correct)

    • Which book is associated with the earliest reference to Yin and Yang?

    <p>Yi Jing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept of TCM recognizes the inseparable relationship of body, mind, spirit, and nature?

    <p>Concepts of harmony and balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle of Traditional Chinese Medicine regarding the body's ability to heal?

    <p>The body has an innate self-healing capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to TCM, what is considered the best approach to healthcare?

    <p>Prevention being better than cure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Traditional Chinese Medicine differentiate its treatment methods?

    <p>By treating each patient based on their individual pattern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method of treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine involving inserting needles into specific points on the body?

    <p>Acupuncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would be considered a typical sign for a TCM practitioner to consider when diagnosing a patient?

    <p>The sound of the patient's voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the requirements for CNPBC Acupuncture Certification?

    <p>Minimum 100 hours of supervised clinical training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature between ND programs in Canada and the US regarding acupuncture?

    <p>Canadian ND programs include acupuncture courses, while US ND programs do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes a diploma in Acupuncture eligible for CTCMA according to the text?

    <p>1,920 Hours Lecture and 456 Hours Clinical Internship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hours are dedicated to Oriental Medicine/Acupuncture Theory in NCCAOM Eligibility for Acupuncture Programs?

    <p>705 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can TCM be applied by Naturopathic Doctors (NDs) according to the text?

    <p>TCM principles can be combined with Naturopathic Modalities effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which character represents the concept of positive electrical charge, sun, and male in Chinese medicine?

    <p>陽 / 阳</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between Yin and Yang?

    <p>Yin and Yang change continuously to maintain homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept states that too much Yin will deplete Yang, and vice versa, leading to imbalance?

    <p>Mutual Consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Chinese medicine, which season is associated with Yang, upward and outward movement, and the upper body?

    <p>Spring and Summer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Yin according to Chinese medicine?

    <p>Cooling and Nourishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does tongue body colour in Traditional Chinese Medicine reflect?

    <p>The condition of the Yin Organs, Blood, and Nutritive Qi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Traditional Chinese Medicine, what does tongue coating refer to?

    <p>The layer on top of the tongue reflecting the state of the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of tongue diagnosis focuses on whether the tongue is thin or swollen in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Tongue body shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is tongue diagnosis considered remarkably reliable in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>It reflects the true condition of the body irrespective of temporary conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of pulse palpation in Traditional Chinese Medicine allows it to assess internal conditions?

    <p>Depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Traditional Chinese Medicine, what does tongue shape observation focus on?

    <p>Consistency, texture, and mobility of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of the tongue indicates whether specific parts are swollen according to Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Tongue shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of pulse palpation in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>To assess internal conditions and imbalances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does tongue coating provide information about?

    <p>Variety of internal conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a normal tongue described in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Moist, fresh-looking, and supple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pulse diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine assess?

    <p>The state of Qi, Blood, Yin, and Yang</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should a TCM practitioner feel the pulse to diagnose a patient?

    <p>Radial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the pulse do TCM practitioners assess to determine strength or weakness?

    <p>Fullness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finger is positioned at the level of the styloid process when taking the pulse of a patient?

    <p>Middle finger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Traditional Chinese Medicine, what are TCM practitioners looking for when assessing a patient's pulse rate?

    <p>How fast or slow it is</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some symptoms of Yin deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Red cheeks, dry stools, night sweats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which season is associated with Yang, according to Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Spring and Summer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pulse is characteristic of Yang deficiency in TCM?

    <p>Deep, slow, weak pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Yin expressed on the tongue in TCM when there is a deficiency?

    <p>Absence of tongue coating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body part is associated with Yang in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Upper body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of Yang deficiency according to Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Edema and fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Yin deficiency manifest on the pulse based on TCM principles?

    <p>Fast, thin pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of Yang imbalance in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Cold extremities, rapid pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Yin and Yang in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Yin is cold and downward while Yang is hot and upward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Traditional Chinese Medicine, which element controls Earth by covering?

    <p>Wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cycle in Traditional Chinese Medicine occurs when the controller is in deficiency relative to the controlled?

    <p>Controlling cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to TCM principles, which cycle involves an element 'backlashing' its controller?

    <p>Insulting cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition occurs in Traditional Chinese Medicine when an element is deficient?

    <p>It will fail to nourish the child on the generating cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cycle is activated when an element allows an insult to itself by creating a relative excess in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Pathology cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is controlled by Water by extinguishing it in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Traditional Chinese Medicine, which element is associated with the qualities of being workable, solid, and can be bent and straightened?

    <p>Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the seasonal cycle in TCM, which element is most active during the fall season?

    <p>Metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element in TCM has the quality of being combustible, warming, and flares upwards?

    <p>Fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the generating cycle of the 5 elements in TCM, which element creates Metal by containing it?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which direction is associated with the Wood element in TCM?

    <p>Expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which season is the Earth element most active according to Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Summer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is associated with the emotion of worry and the taste of pungent?

    <p>Metal Element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organ is associated with the Earth Element in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sense is linked to the Water Element in TCM?

    <p>Ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Seasons are associated with which element in TCM?

    <p>Wood Element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is not associated with the Wood Element?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What secretion is associated with the Metal Element?

    <p>Mucous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which emotion is related to the Fire Element?

    <p>Joy and anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which taste is not associated with the Earth Element?

    <p>Sour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Triple Burner/San Jiao Upper Burner according to Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Traditional Chinese Medicine, which TCM organ is part of the Lower Burner according to the Organ Mapping on the Tongue?

    <p>Bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of pulse diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine assesses the speed of the pulse?

    <p>Rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to TCM principles, what does a 'wiry' pulse indicate in pulse diagnosis?

    <p>Excess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which TCM organ is associated with the Middle Burner according to Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In TCM pulse taking locations, what does 'thready' width of the pulse indicate?

    <p>Weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Slippery' quality in TCM pulse diagnosis is associated with which condition?

    <p>'Wiry'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms are associated with Summer Heat in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Aversion to heat, sweating, dark urine, dry lips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pulse condition is associated with Summer Heat according to Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Rapid and wiry pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the tongue might a TCM practitioner observe in a patient with Summer Heat?

    <p>Red tongue with prickles on its surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a common misconception about Summer Heat and Yin deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Yin deficiency can only result from Summer Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the symptoms of Summer Heat differ from those of Dampness in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Summer Heat has scanty dark urine while Dampness has clear urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body part may indicate Summer Heat according to Traditional Chinese Medicine tongue diagnosis?

    <p>The sides of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tongue characteristic is commonly associated with Summer Heat in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Red tongue with prickles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sense organ may be affected by Summer Heat according to Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Eyes causing blurred vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can TCM practitioners differentiate between Summer Heat and other conditions based on pulse diagnosis?

    <p>Summer Heat often displays a rapid and forceful pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tongue presentation is indicative of Heat as a pathogenic factor in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Red tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogenic factor in TCM is associated with a stiff tongue and quivering of the tongue?

    <p>Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In TCM, what does a pale tongue indicate in terms of the vital substance?

    <p>Blood Deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with a Dry pathogenic factor on the tongue according to TCM?

    <p>Very dry tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Wind pathogenic factor cause in terms of tongue presentation in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Quiver of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coloration of the tongue is associated with Cold as a pathogenic factor according to TCM?

    <p>Bluish-purple tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interaction between Food Qi and Air that forms Zong Qi closely related to?

    <p>Functions of the Heart and Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Nutritive Qi (Ying Qi) in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Nourishing the Internal Organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Blood relate to the mental activities and the mind according to Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Foundation of mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ in TCM is responsible for storing Blood?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Thick Fluids (Ye) in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Lubricate joint cavities, bone marrow, and CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Qi according to Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Promoting growth &amp; development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a man's Essence at 32 years according to the text?

    <p>The tendons and bones are at their strongest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signifies a woman's Essence at 21 years based on the text?

    <p>Wisdom teeth coming in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of Qi is rooted in the Kidneys and needs to be supplemented by food essence?

    <p>Yuan Qi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first stage in the transformation of food into Qi according to Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Food Qi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the 8-year cycle for men at 48 years according to the text?

    <p>The hair whitens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can Yuan Qi be depleted in the body according to TCM principles?

    <p>Prolonged illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does a woman's Essence ascend, leading to the teeth changing and hair growing according to the text?

    <p>7 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of Qi in TCM protects the body from external attacks?

    <p>Wei Qi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant change in a man's Essence at 40 years based on the text?

    <p>Hair falling out and teeth being loose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do women start experiencing weakness in the three Yang Meridians above their face, leading to a dark complexion and white hair?

    <p>42 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which meridian is considered deficient at 49 years, leading to weakness and infertility according to the text?

    <p>Conception Meridian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mental activity is closely related to the Heart in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function related to SHEN (MIND) 神 as described in the text?

    <p>Senses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What begins to happen at the age of 35 years according to the text, associated with the weakening of the Yang Brightness Meridian?

    <p>Face darkens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

    • Recognizes the inseparable relationship of body, mind, and Spirit and Nature
    • History dates back to at least 2,200 years
    • Five Elements (Wu Xing) theory established in 1000-770 BCE
    • Earliest written record of TCM is the Huang Di Nei Jing (The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic) from the 3rd century BCE

    Principles of TCM

    • Holism: treats the patient as a whole, not just a disease
    • Balance: aim to achieve balance and harmony in the body
    • Prevention: prevention is the best cure
    • Pattern Differentiation: treats the patient's unique pattern, not just a disease
    • Innate self-healing capacity: the body has the ability to heal itself

    Yin and Yang

    • Fundamental principles of TCM
    • Yin: material, receptive, passive, cold, and feminine
    • Yang: immaterial, creative, active, hot, and masculine
    • Opposite but interconnected, constantly changing, and mutually consuming
    • Apply to the body, seasons, and directions

    Five Elements

    • Wood: corresponds to the Liver and Gall Bladder, spring, and east
    • Fire: corresponds to the Heart and Small Intestine, summer, and south
    • Earth: corresponds to the Spleen and Stomach, late summer, and center
    • Metal: corresponds to the Lung and Large Intestine, autumn, and west
    • Water: corresponds to the Kidney and Urinary Bladder, winter, and north

    Tongue Diagnosis

    • Observes the body color, shape, coating, moisture, and spirit
    • Reflects the condition of the Yin Organs, Blood, and Nutritive Qi
    • Reliable for monitoring the patient's condition

    Pulse Diagnosis

    • Feels the rate, strength, width, and quality of the pulse
    • Reflects the state of balance of the body, Qi, Blood, Yin, and Yang
    • Used in conjunction with tongue diagnosis

    TCM in Naturopathic Practice

    • Applications of TCM can be used powerfully in conjunction with naturopathic modalities
    • Use of acupuncture and TCM principles in conjunction with naturopathic practice

    Eight Principles

    • Yin-Yang, Heat-Cold, Internal-External, Excess-Deficiency
    • Used to identify patterns and manifestations of disease

    Pattern Differentiation

    • Rather than a symptom or diagnosis, TCM looks at the whole picture of the patient to determine a pattern
    • Identifies patterns according to the Eight Principles### Organ Impairment and Pathogenic Factors
    • Organ impairment can be caused by diet, drugs, alcohol, medication, overwork, emotional factors, or external pathogens that penetrate the interior and begin to damage organ systems.
    • Six External Pernicious (Pathogenic) Influences/Factors:
      • Wind
      • Cold
      • Heat
      • Dampness
      • Dryness
      • Summer Heat

    Wind

    • Yang in nature
    • Usually used as a source for other factors to enter
    • Arises quickly and changes rapidly
    • Moves around
    • Affects the lungs first (External Wind)
    • Liver is affected for Internal Wind
    • Causes tremors or convulsions, stiffness, paralysis
    • Symptoms:
      • Stiffness, rigidity, contraction of the muscles with sudden onset
      • Pain that moves from joint to joint, especially the upper part of the body
      • DDX: Wind Cold, Wind Heat

    Cold

    • Injures Yang
    • Contracts and congeals
    • Causes clear discharge
    • Symptoms:
      • Sleepiness
      • Severe localized pain improved by heat
      • White tongue coating and body discharges
      • Slow pulse
      • Craves warmth, aversion to cold, feels cold
      • Pale complexion
      • Lack of thirst
      • Loose stool
      • Clear and profuse urine

    Heat

    • Yang in nature
    • Blazes upwards
    • Drying - damages Blood and Yin
    • May cause bleeding
    • Potential to generate Wind when severe
    • Affects the mind
    • Symptoms:
      • High fever, desires cold, aversion to heat, heat sensation
      • Redness - skin, face, eyes, and complexion
      • Thirst
      • Constipation (complicated) or foul smelling diarrhea
      • Scanty, dark yellow urine
      • Restlessness, irritability
      • Bleeding symptoms - cough, vomit, nose, gums, urine, stool, skin
      • Rapid anything - including pulse, breathing rate
      • Yellow tongue coating (full heat) and other body discharges, red tongue body

    Dampness

    • Excess of Yin
    • From damp environments: clothes, living, wading, diet, lack of movement
    • Sticky and difficult to get rid of
    • Symptoms:
      • Feeling of heaviness, pain, or anything worse with damp
      • Anything swollen and/or oozing
      • No appetite, bloating, made worse with food
      • Cloudiness of discharges
      • Pulses: Slippery
      • Tongue: Sticky coat and/or fat, swollen tongue

    Dryness

    • Usually from very dry and/or hot weather, internal heat, dry warming foods and/or herbs, lack of fluid intake, not enough fruit and veggies, salty processes food, etc.
    • All symptoms are DRY
    • Internal dryness is a form of Yin deficiency without heat signs or symptoms
    • Can result from Heat too
    • Symptoms:
      • Dryness of the skin, mouth, throat, etc.

    Summer Heat

    • Yang in nature
    • Only in the "summer"
    • Like a heat stroke
    • Combo of Heat and Damp
    • Usually only encountered in 1st aid situations
    • Symptoms:
      • Aversion to heat
      • Sweating/no
      • Headache
      • Scanty dark urine
      • Dry lips
      • Feeling of heaviness
      • Irritability
      • Thirst, no thirst if severe
      • Pulses: Rapid
      • Tongue: Red on the sides and tip
      • May see delirium, slurred speech, and unconsciousness

    Pathogenic Factors on the Tongue

    • Cold: White coating; can also be thin if other clinical symptoms are present
    • Heat: Yellow coat
    • Red tongue
    • Wind: Quiver of the tongue, stiffness of the tongue, deviation of the tongue
    • Damp: Very wet tongue
    • Dry: Very dry tongue

    Vital Substances

    • Qi
    • Blood
    • Body Fluids
    • Essence

    Qi

    • "Qi is the root of the human body; the stem & leaves would dry up without a root"
    • Functions:
      • Promoting: Growth & development
      • Warming: Warmth is maintained by readjusting Qi
      • Defence: Wei Qi Protects the body from exterior attacks
      • Checking: Maintains homeostasis
      • Nourishing: Ying Qi or Nutritive Qi
    • Types of Qi:
      • Yuan Qi
      • Food Qi
      • Zong Qi
      • Ying Qi
      • Wei Qi
      • Zang-Fu (Organ) Qi

    Blood

    • Formed from mainly Food Qi
    • Functions:
      • Nourishment & moisture
      • Movement of the eyes & 4 limbs
      • Nourishes hair, sinews, bones & bowels
      • Foundation of mental activities; houses the mind
      • Circulates with Ying Qi
      • Determines Menstruation
    • "Qi is the commander of Blood, and Blood is the mother of Qi"

    Body Fluids

    • All the fluids within the body
    • Functions:
      • Moisturize skin, muscles, organs, mucous membranes, and orifices
      • Classified as either Jin (Thin) or Ye (Thick)
    • Thin Fluids (Jin):
      • Circulate with defensive Qi
      • Controlled by the Lung
      • Warm and nourish muscles and moisten skin
      • Clear and watery in nature
      • Found on mucous membranes and the skin
      • Becomes the fluid portion of blood
    • Thick Fluids (Ye):
      • Circulate with nutritive Qi
      • Controlled by the Spleen & Kidney
      • Lubricate joint cavities, bone marrow, and CSF
      • Turbid and viscous in nature
      • Found in the bowels, brain, bones, and viscera

    Essence

    • AKA Jing
    • Primary substance for growth and development
    • Types:
      • Prenatal Essence (From parents)
      • Postnatal Essence (From foods and fluids eat daily)
    • 8-Year Cycle for Men:
      • At 8 years, Essence is full
      • At 16 years, Essence is abundant
      • At 24 years, Essence plateaus
      • At 32 years, tendons and bones are at their strongest, and the flesh is full and strong
      • At 40 years, Essence is weakened
      • At 48 years, Yang Qi is exhausted
      • At 56 years, Liver (Essence) is weak
      • At 64 years, hair and teeth are gone
    • 7-Year Cycle for Women:
      • At 7 years, Essence is ascendant
      • At 14 years, Dew of Heaven arrives
      • At 21 years, Essence plateaus
      • At 28 years, tendons and bones are strong
      • At 35 years, Yang Brightness Meridian weakens
      • At 42 years, three Yang Meridians are weak
      • At 49 years, Conception Meridian is Deficient

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