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Community Health Officer CHO Golden Key Points Guide

• A concise guide for the Community Health Officer (CHO) exam, based on new concepts.
• Includes possible one-liner multiple-choice questions (MCQs).

Important Health Programs in India

• National Family Planning Programme was introduced in 1951.
• National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) was introduced in 1953.
• National Leprosy Control Programme was introduced in 1955.
• National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP) was introduced in 1958.
• National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) was introduced in 1962.
• Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme was introduced in 1975.
• National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB) was introduced in 1976.
• Kala Azar Control Programme was introduced in 1977.
• Modified Plan of Operation (MPO) was introduced in 1977.
• National Mental Health Programme was introduced in 1982.
• National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP) was introduced in 1983.
• Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) was introduced in 1985.
• National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) was introduced in 1987.
• Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (B FHI) was introduced in 1991.
• Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) was introduced in 1992.
• Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) Programme was introduced in 1992.
• National AIDS Control Programme I (NACP I) was introduced in 1992-97.
• Enhanced Malaria Control Project (EMCP) was introduced in 1997.
• Reproductive and Child Health Programme I was introduced in 1997.
• National Anti Malaria Programme (NAMP) was introduced in 1999.
• National AIDS Control Programme II (NACP II) was introduced in 1999-2004.
• National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) was introduced in 2003-04.
• Revised Programme of Nutritional Support was introduced in 2004.
• Reproductive and Child Health Programme II was introduced in 2004-09.
• Janani Suraksha Yojana was launched in 2005.
• Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) was introduced in 2006.
• National AIDS Control Programme III (NACP III) was introduced in 2006-11.
• National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP) was introduced in 2007-08.
• National Program for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE) was introduced in 2011.
• National Health Mission (NHM) was introduced in 2013.
• Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) was introduced in 2014.
• Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana and Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti BimaYojana were introduced in 2015.
• The National Health Policy (NHP) was introduced in 1983.
• National AIDS Control Program IV (NACP IV) was introduced in 2012-17.

Important Key Points

• Chloramphenicol causes Gray Baby Syndrome in infants and children.
• Amebiasis is transmitted by the fecal-oral route.
• A Scotch tape swab is used to identify pinworm infestation.
• Baggassosis is caused by the inhalation of sugarcane dust.
• Streptomycin (antituberculosis drug) is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy.
• Kala Azar is transmitted by sandflies.
• Universal Immunization Program was launched in 1985.
• The Guthrie test is used to screen for phenylketonuria.
• World Health Day (WHO Day) is celebrated on April 7th.
• The causative organism of AIDS is the retrovirus HIV.
• The route of administration for the BCG vaccine is intradermal.
• The Mid-day Meal program started in 1961.
• Koplik's spots are a clinical manifestation of measles (Rubeola).
• Anthracosis is caused by the inhalation of coal dust.
• JSY stands for Janani Suraksha Yojana.
• DOTS stands for Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course.
• Primary postpartum hemorrhage occurs within 24 hours.
• Normal birth weight is between 2.5-3.5 kg.
• The best test to detect iron deficiency in a client is serum ferritin.
• Exclusive breastfeeding refers to feeding an infant only with breast milk for six months.
• DOTS are used to treat tuberculosis.
• ASHA stands for Accredited Social Health Activist.
• Another name of Health Survey and Development Committee is the Bhore Committee (1943).
• The most common side effect of Copper T is bleeding.
• Follic acid deficiency during the first trimester of pregnancy can cause neural tube defects in the fetus.
• Another name for leprosy is Hansen's disease.
• The last reported natural case of smallpox was in 1977.
• Smallpox was eradicated in 1980 by the WHO.
• At institutional delivery, BCG, OPV, and Hepatitis B vaccines are administered at birth.
• The National Malaria Control Program was launched in 1953.
• Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative was started in India in 1993.
• DDT is a contact poison.
• Rabies is caused by an RNA virus called Lyssavirus type 1 and belongs to the family Rhabdoviridae serotype 1.
• Frozen DPT vaccine should be discarded. -BCG vaccines should be diluted with normal saline; it is available along with the vaccine.
• Another name for whooping cough is pertussis.
• The sucking reflex in the mother causes milk production.
• The community health center is the first referral unit.
• Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness in India.
• Niacin (Vitamin B3) deficiency causes pellagra, including the symptoms of diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis (the 3 D's).
• The Mid-Day Meal program started in 1961.
• Monday fever is also known as byssinosis.
• Byssinosis is caused by the inhalation of cotton dust or other vegetable fibers.
• The father of epidemiology is John Snow.
• Brachial neuritis is the reaction occurring towards the tetanus vaccine.
• Polishing rice can lead to a loss of Vitamin B1 (thiamine).
• Schick's test is used to diagnose diphtheria
• Tetracycline is the drug of choice for cholera..
• Ongoing measurement of the performance of health services is known as surveillance.
• The terminal method of contraception in males is vasectomy, and in females, it is tubectomy.
• A cold chain is a system of preserving vaccines.
• The constant presence of a particular disease in a geographic area is called endemic. -Spread of disease among a larger population is known as a pandemic.
• Endemic is a disease affecting many a community or a population simultaneously.
• Episodic refers to occasional occurrences.
• Mala N and Mala D are both are oral contraceptive pills with the same combination of hormones. -Mala N is distributed free of cost by the government, while Mala D is sold in the consumer market. -Oral contraceptive pills contain a total of 28 pills, of which 21 are hormonal pills and 7 are iron tablets. -Rotavirus vaccines are given by the oral route. -The initial dose of Vitamin A is 100,000 IU at 9-12 months, followed by 200,000 IU at an interval of 6 months until the age of 5 years. -Sabin oral vaccine is a live attenuated polio vaccine given orally. -Salk is an inactivated polio vaccine given by the intramuscular/subcutaneous route. -Sentinel surveillance identifies hidden cases in the community. -Chloroquine is the drug of choice for falciparum malaria. -Tetracycline is the drug of choice for cholera. -Alma Ata was conducted in 1978. -Prevention of risk factors is known as primordial prevention. -Deficiency of thiamine causes Wernicke's encephalopathy. -The limit for birth registration is 21 days. -Census is conducted every 10 years. -A nosocomial infection is a hospital-acquired infection that develops after 48 hours of hospitalization. -The recommended site for the DPT vaccine in infants is the lateral aspect of the thigh. -The first dose of the measles vaccine is administered at 9 months. -Rubella vaccine is contraindicated in pregnancy because it can cause severe birth defects in the fetus. -Reconstituted measles vaccine should be used within 3 hours. -BCG vaccine is given by the intradermal route. 77 -June month is antimalaria month. -Chikungunya is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito. -OPV is the is most heat-sensitive vaccine. -Hydrophobia is a clinical feature of rabies. -Chickenpox rashes first appear on the trunk. -December 1st is World AIDS Day. -The national tuberculosis program was launched in 1962. -The revised national tuberculosis program was launched in 1997. -Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world. -Breast cancer in females is the most common cancer in India. -Vitamin A is also known as retinol. -One gram of fat contains 9 Kcal. -One gram of carbohydrate contains 4 Kcal. -100 ml of human milk provides 70 calories. -ASHA works at the village level.
• One Anganwadi unit covers a population of 1000. Population covered by PHC is 30000 in plain area and 20000 in hilly area. Sub center is at population of 5000-6000. Coitus interruptus and Breast Feeding is the natural method of contraception. Eligible couple age is 15-45 years.. Cu T 380 is the most effective Copper T; it needs to be replaced every 10 years. Vasectomy is the most cost-effective family planning method. The extra calorie requirement for a lactating mother is 550 Kcal/day. The Children Act was passed in 1960. Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is characterized by a low-grade fever in the afternoon. Pneumonia presents with rust-colored sputum.. Asthma is characterized by wheezing during expiration. Emphysema results in a barrel chest. Kawasaki Syndrome presents with a strawberry tongue. Pernicious Anemia is associated with a red, beefy tongue. Down Syndrome presents with tongue protrusion. Cholera results in rice watery stool and wrinkled hands (washer woman's hands) due to dehydration. Malaria is characterized by a stepladder-like fever with chills. Typhoid presents with rose spots on the abdomen. Dengue manifests with fever, a rash, a headache, and a Positive Herman's sign. Diphtheria results in pseudomembrane formation. Measles presents with Koplik's spots clustered white lesions on the buccal mucosa. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus results in a butterfly rash. Leprosy is characterized by leonine facies with thickened folded facial skin. Bulimia includes chipmunk facies with parotid gland swelling. Appendicitis is characterized by rebound tenderness at McBurney's point. Rovsing's sign indicates appendicitis, where palpation of the lower left quadrant elicits pain in the lower right quadrant. Psoas sign indicates appendicitis, where pain results with flexing the thing to the hip. Meningitis is characterized by Kernig's sign, causing stiffness of the hamstrings and inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees. Brudzinski's sign indicates meningitis, where forced flexion of the neck elicits a reflex flexion of the hips. Tetany is characterized by hypocalcemia, a positive Trousseau's sign and Chvostek sign. Tetanus presents with risus sardonicus or a rictus grin. Pancreatitis is characterized by Cullen's sign, indicated by ecchymosis of the umbilicus, and Grey Turner's sign, indicated by bruising of the flank. Pyloric Stenosis is associated with an olive-like mass. Patent Ductus Arteriosus manifests a washing machine-like murmur. Addison's disease results in bronzelike skin pigmentation. Cushing's syndrome results in a moon face appearance and a buffalo hump. Grave's Disease (hyperthyroidism) includes exophthalmos, indicated by bulging of the eye out of the orbit. Intussusception causes a sausage-shaped mass. Multiple Sclerosis is characterized by Charcot's Triad, presenting Nystagmus, intention tremor, and dysarthria. Myasthenia Gravis is characterized by descending muscle weakness and ptosis, or drooping of the eyelids. Guillain Barre Syndrome results in ascending muscle weakness. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is identified by Homan's Sign. Angina is characterized by crushing, stabbing pain relieved by nitroglycerin (NTG). Myocardial Infarction is characterized by crushing, stabbing pain radiating to the left shoulder, neck, and arms, unrelieved by nitroglycerin (NTG). Parkinson's disease presents with pill-rolling tremors. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection results in an Owl's-eye appearance of cells with huge nuclei. Glaucoma causes tunnel vision. Retinal Detachment results in flashes of light or shadows with a curtain across vision. Basilar Skull Fractures present as Raccoon eyes with periorbital ecchymosis and Battle's sign with mastoid ecchymosis. Buerger's Disease causes intermittent claudication, or pain in the buttocks or legs, from poor circulation resulting in impaired walking. Diabetic Ketoacidosis causes acetone breath. Pregnanacy Induced Hypertension (PIH) has proteinuria, hypertension, and edema. Diabetes Mellitus has polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria . Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) causes heartburn. Hirschsprung's Disease (Toxic Megacolon) results in ribbonlike stool. Sexual Transmitted Infections include: -Herpes Simplex Type Il with painful vesicles on the genitalia -Genital Warts with warts 12 mm in diameter -Syphilis with painless chancres; Chancroid with painful chancres -Gonorrhea is characterized by green, creamy discharges and painful urination -Chlamydia results in milky discharge and painful urination Candidiasis presents as white cheesy, odorless vaginal discharges. Trichomoniasis presents as yellow, itchy, frothy, and foul-smelling vaginal discharges.

Important Lab Diagnostic Tests

• Adom Test is performed to diagnose scoliosis
• Allen Test is performed for ABG analysis
• Aldehyde Test is performed to diagnose leprosy
• Phosphate Test is used for pasteurization
• Patch Test is performed to identify allergic reactions
• Tourniquet Test is performed to diagnose dengue
• Urea Breath Test is performed to diagnose H.Pylori
• Schick test is performed to diagnose diphtheria
• Dick test is performed to diagnose scarlet fever
• Rothera Test is performed to detect acetone in urine
• Hey Test is performed to detect bile salt in urine
• Smith Test is performed to detect bile pigment in urine
• Benedict Test is performed to detect urine glucose
• Kveim Test is performed to diagnose sarcoidosis
• Rinne & Webber Test is performed for hearing
• Direct Coomb Test is performed to diagnose HemolyticAnemia
• Ischiara Test is performed to evaluate ColorVision
• SnellenChart Test is performed to evaluate DistanceVision
• Confrontation Test is performed to evaluate CentralandPeripheralVision
• Jegar's type Card Test is performed to evaluate NearVision
• Schiling Test is performed to evaluate VitaminB12Absorption
• Histamine Test is performed to diagnose leprosy
• Roller over Test is performed to diagnose pre-eclampsia
• Fern Test Nitrizine Test is performed to detect leakage of AmnioticfluidandA
• VMA is performed to detect Pheochromocytoma
• Glucose Tolerance Test is performed to diagnose DiabetesMellitus
• Glyco sylated Hemoglobin/Hb1AC Test is performed to diagnose Diabetes Mellitus
• Water Deprivation Test is performed to diagnose Diabetes Insipidus
• Treadmill/Stress Test is performed to assess HeartFunction
• Triple Test is performed to detect Down Syndrome
• measuring Clot formation (DVT, PE, DIC)
• TrendelenburgTest -Vericose Vein
• Phallen/Tinnel Test -Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Gold Quntiferon Test
• Bangle Test – Protein Energy Malnutrition
• Tensilon Test – Myasthenia Gravis
• Romberg Test -Neurological Function
• Knee Kiss Test - - Meningitis in Children
• T zank Test t - - Herpes Genital or Vericella
• Frie Test - Lymphogranulomainguinale
• Widal Test -Typhoid (on 2ndweek)
• Weil felix Test - Typhoid fever
• Bonny/Marshall Test -Stress Incontinence
• Binnet Test -Intelligence Quotient
• Sweat Chloride Test -Cystic fibrosis
• Hanging Drop Test - Cholera
• Paul bunnel Test - Epstien BarrVirus
• Shake /Bubble Test -Surfactant and fetal Lungs maturity
• Rubin Test -Patency of Fallopian Tube
• Tape Test - Pin Worm
• Ortho Tolidin Test -Check Chlorine in Water
• Dexa Scan Bone Metabolic Disease
• Heelto Shin Test - Body Coordination Test -
• Halo Test - CSF Leakage
• Dexamethasone Suppression Test - ACTH or Pituitary/Adrenal gland tumor
• Arthrocentesis - Joint inflammation and Infection
• Holter Monitoring - 24Hour ECG Monitoring in Dysrhythmia
• Pulmonary Function Test
• measure lung volume and Capacity (By Spirometer)
• SGOT&SGPTAST/ALT Liver Function Test - 
• PAP's Smear Cancer of Cervix
• Creatinine Clearance Test - estimation of GFR
• Wood's Light Examination Superficial Infection of Skin
• Burrow Ink Test - Scabies/ the Itch Braden Scaleto Measure integrity of Bed Sore

Community Health Nursing Golden Points

JSSK launch 1st June 2011 NRHM start 5 April 2005 NUHM started 2008 0.5 to 0.8 MG per liter fluoride is normal in drinking water Under five clinic also known as well baby clinic Salter scale used for low birth weight monitoring VDRL Test - used for diagnosis of STD Sick Test - used diphtheria Classical dengue fever known as the break bone fever Measles known as the rubella Leprosy is another name is the Hansen disease Diphtheria whooping cough transmitted by droplet infection Tubectomy permanent contraceptive method in female Vasectomy permanent contraceptive method of male Red Cross Society founder - Henry Duralt in 1919 MMR maternal mortality rate, birth and death registration act passed 1969 Birth registration time 21 days Death registration time 7 days 8 may 1984 declared smallpox the world Oral polio vaccine stored 20 degree temperature In pregnancy pregnant mother given 2 TT dose Pulse polio immunization programme start 1995 Trans placental vertical transmission ex AIDS, syphilis, torch Hepatitis A diarrhoea, Typhoid fever is transmitted by contaminated food and water Dengue malaria Chikungunya Filaria ji Kala Azhar is a Vector Borne Disease Epidemic usually effective large population Koplik spot are seen in measles Mums is an acute infectious disease caused by an RNA virus paramyxo virus. Poliomyelitis is caused by polio virus incubation 7 to 14 days Qunien is the common treatment of Malaria

More Key Points

Slim disease also known as the HIV Treatment of HIV giving anti retroviral drug Zidovudin First case of HIV in Chennai 1986 Rabies is caused by Lassa virus Type 1 found warm blooded animals like dog. Census in done every 10 year 1st census in India 1881 32. tragi system used in disaster and Management Silicosis is occupational disease show XRay in snowstorm ESI act passed 1948 First generation intrauterine contraceptive device is a lippes loop Second generation intrauterine device copperT 200, prevent 5 year copper T 380 prevent 10 year pregnancy 3rd Generation hormonal intrauterine device LNG (Marina) Copper T instillation timing 7 to 10 days during menses, first week after delivery, Bleeding is a commonest complication Combined pills oestrogen progesterone example Mala N and Mala D in Mala N levonorgestrel MTP Act was passed 1971 duration 12 week pregnancy RMP doctor Mishon indradhanush start 26 December 2014 2005 eradicate Polio in India STD Disease Control Programme 1946 National Malaria Control Programme 1953 National leprosy Control Programme 1955 Mid day meal programme 1961 National Goiter Control Programme 1962 National Cancer Control Programme 1975 National blindness Control Programme 1976 National AIDS control programme 1987 Janani Suraksha Yojana 2005 Bhore committee – 1946 (health survey and development committee) Mudaliar committee 1962 (health survey and planning committee) Kartar singh committee1974 (multipurpose worker committee) WHO - 7 April 1948 headquarter in Geneva UNICEF 1946 Headquarter New York UNDP 1966 Headquarter New York Food and Agriculture Organization 1945 headquarter ROM International Labor Organization 1919 headquarter Geneva USAID 1961 headquarter Washington International Red Cross Society 1919 headquarter Geneva Indian Red Cross 1920 ( 700 branches in India work relief work milk and medical supply armed forces and services family planning blood bank and first aid) Hind kusth Nivaran Sangh 1950 Headquarter New Delhi Tuberculosis Association of India 1939 Kasturaba Memorial fund 1944 Family planning Association of India 1949 headquarter Mumbai One sub Centre cover 3000 - 5000 population & total staff 3 One PHC cover 20000 -30000 population & total staff 15 One CHC cover 80000 -120000 population & total staff 25 Small pox causative agent of veriola virus 12 to 14 incubation period Chicken pox cause varicella zoster 14 to 16 days incubation period Diphtheria caused by cornibactirium dipthiriya 2-6 day incubation period Dengue arbo virus group 4-7 incubation period Tetanus causative agent clostridium tetani 6 to 10 day incubation period 75 Anti leprosy day 31 January World cancer day 4 February World glaucoma day 8 march World tuberculosis day 24 March World Autism awareness day 2 April World immunization week 24 April World Malaria Day 25 April World asthma day 5 may World Thalassemia day / World Red Cross day 8 may World blood Donor day 14 June World breastfeeding week 1 to 7 August Day 21 September world heart day World hand washing day 29 September World polio day 15 October World diabetes day 29 October World rabies day 14 November International yoga Day 21 June International day 1 December One oral pills package 28 tablet, 7 iron pills & 21 hormonal pills DOTS treatment of tuberculosis MDT – treatment of Leprosy Complication of MUMPS (Orchitis) ASHA, ANGANWADI WORKER cover 1000 population Indirect transmission by – 5F - Flies, Fomits, Fingers, food & Fluid TBA – Traditional birth attendant Local Dai tanning 30 day Village health guide tanning 3 Month (100 Day

Medical Surgical Golden Key points

Most common initial symptoms of pulmonary embolism in chest pain Right lung have 3 lobe left lung 2 lobe Sharp pain breathing symptoms of pleurisy Pulse oximeter used to check oxygen saturation status Common cause of COPD smoking Commonest site of lungs tuberculosis in apex apex of lungs Blood in urea is called haematuria Removal of lungs Called Laryngotomy contaminates catheter most common cause of urinary bladder infection . Coli most common cause of E.coliUTI Glomerulonephritis is in inflammation of renal pelvic inflammation of renal pelvic Wilms tumor also known as Nephroblastoma In myocardial infection ECG St segment elevated elevated segment elevated Aseptic technique used during catheterization Normal serum creatinine level 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dl Full from of BUN blood urea nitrogen Vitamin a stored in in stored in ijn liver Cataract is opacity of transparent lens Hepatitis A transmitted by contaminates water and food Leukoplakia is white tickness patches in mouth sign fo cancer Calcitonin hormone secreted by c. Cell of thyroid gland Major cause of cretinism is deficiency of thyroid hormone Glucaggon hormone secreted by alpha cell of pancreas Insulin hormone secreted by beta cells of pancreas beta Somatostatin hormone secreted by delta cells of pancreas by delta Chronic comliclation if dia betes mellitus is retinopathy, neuropathy corinary Insulin should be administered subcutaneous route Pernicious anemia deficiency of b12 Fat embolism is most serious comlication of fracture of bone Heartburn is main clinicial feature of hiatal hernia Cholelithiasis means stone present in gallbladder Hitroglycerin is vasodilator given sublingually Miner disesses is a inner ear diseses Diplopia means double vision Hepatomegaly is a largest size of liver Inflammation of oral cavity callee stomatitis Annulation is the removal of eye NO2 used in cryosurgery Chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery are all types of treatment for cancer Internal radiotherapy is known as beachy therapy Hydrocele means collection of fluid in scrotum Fistula between general and bladder is callex best vaginal fistula Differentiation is used pulseless patients highest energy waste 360 jule Rhinitis inflammation of nasal mucous Collage of lungs is called atelectasis Collection of plus in lungs abscess DOTS theraoy ussed treatment of tuberculosis John criteria used diagnosed if hematic fever Accumulation fluid in car called cardiac tampaned Chronil liver disesse caused by hepatitis c Cushing syndrome disorder of endocrine system moon like face face thin Skin main sign Rule if 9 used in turn TBSA Aqueous humour is produced and secreted by celery body Bilirubin is end product of breakdown of RBC 56 Inflammation if test -es is called orchitis Wome are carrier if haemophilia scabies on a skin disorder disorder

Kaposi's sarcoma is a skin disorder Glagow coma scale used dfor diagnosis if neurological problem Inflammation if the fallopian tube is the salpingitis HydrocelocTommy is the treatment if hydrocele Prostate gland present in around bail urethra Gynecomastia is development of breast tissue in male Breast self examination will be free 3-7 days after menses period end Lithotomy position used vaginal examination Heptane nature natural anticoagulant in body Hospital acquired infection called nasocrominl infection Scleroderma is chronix hardening any body part Hodgkin's disease id most commonn type of lymphoma Acquired active immunity developed by immunization Natural acquire of in unit of mother breastfeeding Glasgow coma score rang 3-15 Red blood cells formed in bone marrow found long bones and stemum Rheumatoid arthritis pain relief, ver Apiring used 74 Fungal Infection on scalp is tinea capitis Parkland fluid replacement for burn Burn patient with hypovelomic shock Injury of shock, and cord and risk of neurogienic and shock Hospital staff and common source of turn patient injection RL solution administered burn patient prevent Hyper natremia 990 Tone meter wuse is intra ocular pressure of all pressure 14-21 Cardiac vasomotor regulating center is medulla oblongata Cads artery disease

• cvp central Venous pressure range 5-10 and h2o 2-8mmhg Sa mode pacemaker of heart Helio bacteria pylori is most common cause of the tea culture

Barium swallow hiatal hernia Alserative colitis is chronic information if the rectum and colon Bone modern depression Constipation give high fiber diet and diabetes same as Mastectomy is the removal jof breast Uterine and Cervical cancer is most common site of cancer in female Normal inter cranial pressure 715mm/Hg Normal CPF is 100180mm of h2O 815mm/Hg Prostate cancer most common aging person old age Oedema is last sign of heart failure Alopecia - loose of hair First part of duodenum most commonness site septic ulcer Athletic foot is cause by fungal infection

MedicalWifery & Gynecology Golden Key Points

• Two Bartholin gland present between hymen and labia majora.
• PH of vagina is acidic between 3.5 to 4.5.
• Size of uterus 7.5 x 5x2.5 Non pregnancy.
• Weight of uterus is 52-80 gram (non pregnant).
• Weight of uterus in pregnancy 800-900 gram.
• Cervix mucus secret per day 20-60 ml cervical mucosa.
• Fallopian tube also known as uterine tube & oviduct.
• Length of fallopian tube is 10 centimetre..
• Longest part of the fallopian tube is ampulla length 6 cm and wide 5mm.
• Fertilization in done Ampulla part of fallopian tube. -Ovary is also known as the primary sex gland in female.
• Size of ovary 3 x 2 x 1 and color is pink Grey.
• Main function of the ovary is development of the ovum and secreted sex hormone, estrogen and progesterone.
• Breast is also known as the mammary gland, extending from the 2nd to the 6th midclavicular line. The average weight of the breast in a childbearing woman is 200-400 grams.
• Surrounding the nipples is a dark pigmented area called Montgomery tubercles.
• Oogenesis is the process of mature ovum development.
• Mature ovum is the largest cell in the body; it has a size of 130 microns.
• The Ovum is covered by two layers: the outer layer zona pellucida and the inner layer— Corona radiata.
• Female pelvis made 4 bone ( 2 innominate bone, 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx.
• Gynecoid pelvis is true pelvis, oval shape, favourable for childbirth.
• Anthropoid pelvis oval shape.
• Android pelvis same male pelvis
• Platypelloid pelvis kidney shape. Anterior-posterior diameter is11 cm, oblique diameter 12 cm, and transverse diameter 13cm Diameter of cavity anterior posterior 12 cm transvers 12cm oblic 12 cm2. Weight of placenta 500gm Umbilical cord another name funic Short cord placenta 20 cm Long cord Placenta 100 cm Outer coring umbilical Code by wartans jelly Umbilical cord containing 2 artery 1 vein
  Umbilical van carry oxygenated blood placenta to petal And carry deoxygenated blood fetal to placenta Sagital suture between two parental bone Coronary suture between parental and frontal bone Frontal suture between two frontal. Lambdoid suture between parietal and occipital bone )6. Squamous suture between parietal and temporal bone

7. Anterior fonlanels called brahma, shame diamond, size 2.53cm, and closing time 18 nonth )R. Posterior fontanels called Lambda size 1.2-
8. A days Tringular shout ). Highest d.amete of feta' head mento vertebra' 14cm -93 )1- Obstacle grip a. so known as leopodd maneuvers 9 Lateral for umbilical Grip second leopodd maneuvers Pelvic grip fourth Leopold maneuver In breach presentation presenting pout buttocks also say complete breach presentation
9. in fetus different poo relationship one another pout called attitude . exion is the Universal attitude of 7etus )R- Free emryonic period 2 week alter Conception ). Embryonic period 3rd week H week after conception

. Fetal period 9 weeks to birth '9 1-12 week development kidney be.n urine 5 Heatboat detected by droplet transducer between 10 to 12 week 3- Quickening feel mother 15 week ~ Testes are the scrotum In +o week ) alter fertitzation vgotr implanted . th day In uterine cavity - Pacenla and fetal membrane are development tiopoblast - Pregnant uterus innermost -aver endometrium called decidua -r Leto placental orculotion soon 40-4 davs alter fertlzotion % )9. fjacenlae development start 6 week and completely ' 2 week (1- )0. Tacenta shape is crcular dvc diameter ' 5 to 20 cent metre 2 \ight vf placenta 500 groom, wa,ght rotio with fels 164,

• Maternal surface of placenta . (.. Fetal surface if placenta '

One mature placenta hove a Umbilical artery hove a o Tetal outer layer is chorwn, and inner loyer is amnion - )7- Amniotic fluid is also known as the liquor amni. and Noture is alkaline -e )H. Amniotic fluid wiume 12 week so ml. 20 week +00 ml. 36& week 1 later \term 600-800 ml - I'uhvhydrammos 200m amniotic fluid. Oligohydramnios 200 ml fluid 3]

Green wlour amniotic fluid lme conium sloinedi delal dnless mdrote :5 ' Luthrn wlou: amniotic fluid mdrote mcompatibd.o 4 51. Green <alar amniotic fluid Saffron colour indicate post matunty -T 5 :» Dark brown wolour amniotic fluid tobaco juice indicate intrauterine death

:9: Dark volour amniotic fluid mdrote hemorrhage w

Normal lmbilird cord length 50 cm Short Lard less thon 30 cm long and 2_ .u - V \mhwentevs dione " to week vdenlifv the rhromovomol > abnormal.tv fetal lung motunlv and vex drlet a L Alpha Letoprotein level increased open neural lube defect spme blhda and anteniepholy lnh.bin .4 preteh level mcrese-d m dawn svndrame iglzcoprotern mode -T h\ Corpus luteum and placenta <5 'V Chumc vdlus vonl:mg for detection .enete abnormality alter 30 week 3 V Cnrdenlenes dione IB to weeks intrauterine lite ,,-g V Llicx test dione alter week Know the fetal movements . Triple Lest aged combined bwihvmical lest In the lest tow maternal , serum aipholeta protein human thornwnk genedoeropmn and unconjugated . estiele this lest - use detect the down svn drone :5 . Nausea and vomllng m list trimet-ter vl pregnaniv e mom cause HCG % and progesterone level mcrease and blood .v aciorling to whe ot loot visit In anlenotel period first IB week vewnd -T l3 to weeks third "2 week and forth week <3: . rundol height v; week on Lmbuuuvel hgh'ning m :6-:>7 week Su, % wel-ame sign 0! pregnancy <12 (lucken ng between it to IB week fetal movements feel by mother lapurnneic a v-hadmnk sign g IB week blue