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• System Analysis & Design is a course taught at Misr Higher Institute for commerce & computers, within the Computer Sciences Department.
• Dr. Lobna Mohamed Aboelmagd is the instructor.

Course Contents:

• Introduction to information system development process
• Managing information system project
• Process requirement
• process modeling
• Data modeling
• Architecture Design
• Data Storage Design
• Program Design
• User Interface Design

Road Map:

• Course Includes a Mid-term exam
• Course Includes Quizzes
• Course includes Projects

Projects will include

• Title
• Collecting Data
• Documentation (DFD – ERD)
• Program components

Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design:

• Systems analysis and design is a methodology utilized by both large and small businesses to maximize the use of information.
• A systems analyst is an individual heavily involved with systems analysis and design within an organization.
• Systems analysts enjoy a career path that enhances both computer and interpersonal skills.

Information Systems Analysis and Design:

• Information systems are created and maintained to perform core business functions, such as tracking customer and employee information, processing orders, and managing payroll.
• The primary objective of systems analysis and design is to enhance organizational systems by implementing software solutions that streamline key business tasks, making them more efficient.
• As a systems analyst, one is at the center of developing this software.

System Analysis Basis:

• The analysis and design of information systems depend on an understanding of the organization's objectives, structure, and processes.
• They also depend on knowledge of how to leverage information technology.
• A structured approach should be followed to be successful.
• The main goal of systems analysis and design is to improve organizational systems by developing or acquiring application software and training employees in its use.
• Application software, also known as a system, is engineered to support specific organizational functions or processes like inventory management, payroll, or market analysis.

Application Software Goals:

• Application software's purpose is to transform data into information.
• Inventory department software tracks the number of books in stock.
• Payroll software monitors changing employee pay rates.
• A variety of off-the-shelf application software options like TurboTax, Excel, and Photoshop are available for purchase.
• Custom software development becomes necessary when off-the-shelf solutions don't align with an organization's specific requirements.

The information System Includes:

• Hardware
• Systems software for application execution
• Documentation/training materials for user assistance
• Defined job roles
• Controls to prevent fraud/theft
• The people (users) who use the software to perform their job functions

System Definition:

• A system comprises interrelated business procedures or components within a business unit that work together for a specific purpose.
• Key aspects of a system include:
  • Components
  • Interrelated Components
  • Boundary
  • Purpose
  • Environment
  • Interfaces
  • Constraints
  • Input
  • Output

Important System Concepts:

• Decomposition
• Modularity
• Coupling
• Cohesion

Decomposition:

• A decomposition technique allows the systems analyst to:
  • Break a system into small, manageable, and understandable subsystems.
  • Focus on one subsystem at a time, without interference.
  • Concentrate on relevant parts for specific user groups, avoiding unnecessary details.
  • Build different system parts independently with various analysts' support.

Modularity, Coupling and Cohesion:

• Modularity is a result of decomposition through dividing systems into uniform modules for ease of understanding, redesign, and rebuilding.
• Coupling refers to subsystem dependency and aims for subsystem independence.
  • If subsystems are highly dependent, the failure of one can cause others to fail or have functional issues.
• Cohesion is the measure of how well a subsystem performs a single function.
  • An example includes the single function of supplying power in an MP3 player
• Thinking about computer-based IS is easier with the use of systems.

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC):

• Organizations use a standard set of steps, known as a systems development methodology, to develop and maintain their information systems following a life cycle.

IS Job Titles:

• Information Systems Manager: They assess an organization's total information needs to find the ideal solution to these problems.
• Software Developer: They design, write, modify, and debug software and computer applications based on client needs.
• Computer Network Architect: They codify data across buildings, websites, networks, or organizations, ensuring information is ergonomic. Also known as information architect.
• Information Security Analyst: Information security analysts meet the needs of enhanced information security because of growing tech.
• Database Administrator: They manage and secure data for availability.
• Computer Systems Administrator: They design, manage, and maintain computer servers of systems and applications in an organization.

SDLC Steps:

• Planning and Selection
• Analysis
• Design
• Implementation and Operation

SDLC phases and deliverables

• Systems planning and selection:
  • Priorities for systems and projects
  • Architecture for data, networks, hardware, and IS management
  • Detailed work plan for selected project
  • Specification of system scope
  • System justification or business case
• Systems Analysis:
  • Description of current system
  • General recommendation on how to fix, enhance, or replace the current system
  • Explanation of alternative systems and justification for chosen alternative
  • Acquisition plan for new technology
• Systems Design:
  • Detailed specifications of all system elements
• Systems Implementation and Operation:
  • Code
  • Documentation
  • Training procedures and support capabilities
  • New versions or releases of software with associated updates to documentation training, and support