Tadalafil and Erectile Dysfunction Overview

Tadalafil

• Erectile dysfunction agent, vasodilator (phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor)
• Treats erectile dysfunction and benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Contraindicated in hypersensitivity, concurrent nitrate or riociguat use, unstable angina, recent stroke (within 6 months), life-threatening heart failure (within 6 months), uncontrolled hypertension, or MI (within 90 days)
• Also contraindicated in any other cardiovascular pathology, hereditary degenerative retinal disorders, or severe hepatic impairment, congenital/acquired QT interval prolongation, or concurrent use of Class IA or III antiarrhythmics or alpha-adrenergic blockers (for BPH)
• Should not be taken with alpha-adrenergic blockers (unless on a stable dose) or nitrates
• Take as needed, at least 30 minutes before sexual activity, and not more than once per day
• Sexual stimulation is required for erection
• Not indicated for women
• Avoid excess alcohol (≥5 units)
• Notify healthcare provider if erection lasts longer than 4 hours, or if sexual performance is unsatisfactory, unwanted side effects develop, or decreased vision loss in one or both eyes, decreased/loss in hearing, or dizziness occurs
• Inform healthcare provider of all other medications
• Counseling regarding protection against sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection recommended

Oxytocin

• Hormone (oxytocic)
• Used for induction of labor at term, threatened abortion (IV), and postpartum control of bleeding after placental expulsion.
• Maternal adverse reactions occur with IV use only
• Potential adverse reactions include coma, seizures, hypotension, hypochloremia, hyponatremia, water intoxication, increased uterine motility, painful contractions, abruptio placentae, decreased uterine blood flow, and hypersensitivity
• Nursing Implications: include assessment of fetal maturity, presentation, pelvic adequacy, character, frequency, duration of uterine contractions, and fetal heart rate (FHR) frequently.
• In cases of frequent contractions (less than 2 minutes apart and lasting 60-90 seconds or longer), stop infusion, place patient on left side to prevent fetal anoxia, and notify healthcare provider immediately.
• Monitor maternal blood pressure (BP) and pulse frequently throughout administration, and continuously monitor FHR.

Nifedipine

• Antianginal, antihypertensive (calcium channel blocker)
• Treats hypertension, angina pectoris, and vasospastic angina
• Potential adverse reactions include headache, abnormal dreams, anxiety, confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, jitteriness, nervousness, psychiatric disturbances, weakness, blurred vision, disturbed equilibrium, epistaxis, and tinnitus

Cough, Dyspnea, SOB, etc.

• Potential symptoms of medical conditions, may indicate a need to assess and monitor the patient. It requires a more detailed context to provide specific information.

Potential Nursing Diagnoses

• These are diagnoses that could be considered based on the information provided. Context is needed to provide more detailed information.

Ethinyl Estradiol

• Contraceptive hormone
• Prevents pregnancy, regulates menstrual cycle, and manages acne in women 14 years and older
• Contraindicated in pregnancy
• History of thromboembolic disease (DVT, PE, stroke), history of smoking (age > 35), valvular heart disease, major surgery, diabetes with vascular involvement, headache with focal neurological symptoms, uncontrolled hypertension, or a history or breast, endometrial or estrogen-dependent cancer

Oral Meds (General Instructions)

• Take medication as directed, at the same time each day, in the original container
• Do not skip doses unless almost time for the next dose; do not take double doses.
• If a single dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered. If several consecutive doses are missed, contact a healthcare provider for guidance. If one dose is missed and it's close to the next scheduled dose, consult a healthcare professional. If it has been two days missed in a row, consult a provider

Terbutaline

• Bronchodilator
• Treats reversible airway diseases (asthma and COPD)
• Unlabeled use in pregnancy for prevention/treatment (>48-72 hours)
• Potential adverse reactions include nervousness, restlessness, tremor, headache, insomnia, pulmonary edema, angina, arrhythmias, hypertension, myocardial infarction (MI), nausea, and vomiting.

Risperidone

• Antipsychotic, mood stabilizer
• Treats symptoms of psychosis, bipolar mania, or autism.
• Potential interactions with other medications including alcohol, antihistamines, sedative/hypnotics, opioid analgesics.
• May cause extrapyramidal side effects (akathisia, dystonia, parkinsonism) and tardive dyskinesia.

Misoprostol (Cytotec)

• Antiulcer and cytoprotective agent
• Used for prevention of gastric ulcers (especially those associated with NSAID use) and termination of pregnancies (within 49 days)

Cisplatin

• Antineoplastic (alkylating agent)
• Treats metastatic ovarian cancer, testicular cancer, and bladder cancer
• Potential adverse reactions are very diverse, from seizures, nausea, vomiting, to kidney/liver damage, hair loss, and other blood disorders

Methylphenidate

• Central nervous system stimulant
• Treats attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
• Potential side effects include chest pain, edema, tachycardia, constipation, dry mouth, nausea, abdominal pain, anorexia and diarrhea.

Cyclobenzaprine

• Skeletal muscle relaxant
• Treats acute conditions of the musculoskeletal system associated with muscle spasms
• Possible side effects could include dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, fatigue, headache, nervousness, a dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, dyspepsia, nausea, and unpleasant taste.

Acyclovir

• Antiviral agent
• Treats herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections
• Can potentially cause frequent urination.

Ketorolac

• NSAID, non-opioid analgesic
• Used short-term for pain management
• Possible side effects that could occur including allergic reactions, kidney damage, bleeding problems and decreased blood pressure.

Alendronate

• Bisphosphonate bone resorption inhibitor
• Treat or prevents post-menopausal osteoporosis and Paget's disease
• Can cause irritation if not taken correctly and may result in esophageal irritation.

Insulin Detemir

• Antidiabetic
• Treats hyperglycemia in diabetic patients
• Potential adverse reactions, or side effects, include hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, or reactions related to the administration methodology.

Butorphanol

• Opioid analgesic
• Used for pain relief during labor.
• Potential side effects include respiratory depression, nausea, and vomiting.

Oxybutynin

• Anticholinergic
• Treats overactive bladder
• Potential side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, nausea, abdominal pain, anorexia and diarrhea.

Dinoprostone

• Cervical ripening agent
• Stimulates labor or facilitates delivery
• Potential adverse reactions include severe uterine contractions, pelvic pain, and bleeding.

Somatropin

• Growth hormone
• Treats growth failure in children and growth deficiencies in adults
• Potential side effects include hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylaxis), increased risk of second neoplasm in childhood cancer survivors, Prader-Willi syndrome, acute critical illness, and other conditions.

Levetiracetam

• Anticonvulsant
• Treats various types of seizures
• Potential side effects that could occur are a wide variety of neurological effects, such as suicidal thoughts, vertigo, diplopia, trouble with heart rhythm, or a generalized abnormal skin reaction.

Phenobarbital

• Anticonvulsant, sedative/hypnotic
• Treats seizures and conditions requiring sedation
• Side effects reported can include potential gastrointestinal symptoms (constipation/diarrhea with N/V).

This quiz covers the key aspects of Tadalafil, a medication used for treating erectile dysfunction and benign prostatic hyperplasia. It explores its contraindications, dosage recommendations, and necessary precautions for safe use. Test your knowledge on the medical guidelines surrounding this medication.