lecture 12 multiple chocie quiz- immuology

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Which process involves the random recombination of gene segments in lymphocytes?

Proliferation

Antigen receptor gene rearrangement (correct)

Maturation

Selection

What is responsible for the generation of a diverse and competent immune system in humans?

B cell migration

Hematopoietic stem cells

Antigen receptor gene rearrangement (correct)

Thymus migration

Where does the maturation of lymphocytes into fully functional cells occur?

Peripheral lymphoid organs (correct)

Thymus

Bone marrow

Spleen

What is the role of the thymus in lymphocyte maturation?

Commitment Signup and view all the answers

How do B cell and T cell clones achieve unique antigen receptors despite a relatively small number of genes coding for them?

(V(D)J recombination Signup and view all the answers

What is the key step in both B and T cell maturation?

Sequential rearrangement (recombination) of antigen receptor genes Signup and view all the answers

Where does B cell undergo V(D)J recombination to assemble immunoglobulin genes?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are eliminated during negative selection in lymphocyte maturation?

Cells that strongly recognize self-antigens Signup and view all the answers

What do mature B cells differentiate into based on their antigen encounter?

Plasma cells or memory B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of positive selection in the thymus and bone marrow?

To select cells expressing antigen receptors with moderate affinity for self-antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of V(D)J recombination in lymphocytes?

To generate diversity in B and T cell receptors before encountering specific antigens Signup and view all the answers

Which gene segments are involved in the heavy chain of human immunoglobulins?

V, D, J Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Complementarity-Determining Regions (CDRs) in antigen recognition?

They form the antigen-binding site in immunoglobulins Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of lymphocyte maturation do immature B cells express B cell receptors (BCRs)?

Immature B cell stage Signup and view all the answers

What does the germline organization of human Ig heavy chain include?

Variable, Diversity, Joining segments Signup and view all the answers

What is the main process that initiates the generation of a diverse repertoire of antigen receptors in B cells?

V(D)J recombination of immunoglobulin genes Signup and view all the answers

What serves as a checkpoint for the selection of cells capable of generating functional antigen receptors?

Expression of pre-antigen receptors on the surface Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lymphocyte expresses functional antigen receptors on their surface?

Immature lymphocyte Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the selection process in pre-lymphocytes with moderate affinity for self-antigens?

To eliminate cells with non-functional receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which process helps ensure the presence of a diverse and functional repertoire of antigen receptors in lymphocytes?

Maturation and selection processes in immature lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

During lymphocyte maturation, which process involves the commitment of progenitor cells to either the B lymphoid or T lymphoid lineage?

Proliferation of progenitor cells Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of lymphocyte maturation involves the migration of T lymphoid progenitors to the thymus for further development?

Commitment to B or T Lymphoid Lineage Signup and view all the answers

What drives the rapid proliferation of progenitor cells upon commitment to the B or T cell lineage during lymphocyte maturation?

Growth factors and cytokines in the microenvironment Signup and view all the answers

Which process in lymphocyte maturation involves the sequential rearrangement (recombination) of antigen receptor chains?

Proliferation of progenitor cells Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the differentiation stage of lymphocyte maturation?

Selection of Cells Expressing Functional Antigen Receptors & Elimination of Cells that Strongly Recognize Self Antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that involves the commitment of hematopoietic stem cells to the lymphoid lineage?

Initiation of Antigen Receptor Gene Rearrangement Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a role in inducing commitment of hematopoietic stem cells to the lymphoid lineage?

Growth factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of pro-lymphocytes?

Potential to differentiate into B or T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of lymphocyte maturation involves the sequential rearrangement of antigen receptor genes?

Initiation of Antigen Receptor Gene Rearrangement Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lymphocyte maturation?

Maintaining self-tolerance Signup and view all the answers

Which segments are randomly rearranged during V(D)J recombination to form a functional gene encoding the variable region of the antigen receptor?

Variable (V), Diversity (D), and Joining (J) segments Signup and view all the answers

Which cells utilize V(D)J recombination to generate diversity in their antigen receptor genes?

Both B cells and T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the gene rearrangement process in lymphocytes?

The details are the same for both Ig heavy chains and TCR chains. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the process of antigen receptor gene rearrangement crucial for generating diverse B cell and T cell receptors occur?

Marrow Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct about the antigen receptor gene rearrangement in lymphocytes?

It occurs after antigens have been encountered. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the process of antigen receptor gene rearrangement crucial for lymphocytes?

To produce receptors that recognize a wide range of antigens. Signup and view all the answers

Which region of each antigen receptor is generated by combining different gene segments during V(D)J recombination?

Variable region Signup and view all the answers