Effector Mechanisms of T Cells
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Questions and Answers

What stimulates eosinophils to release their granule contents?

  • IL-4
  • IL-13
  • IL-5 (correct)
  • Fc receptors

Which cytokine is responsible for stimulating mucus secretion and intestinal peristalsis to expel parasites?

  • IL-2
  • Fc receptors
  • IL-5
  • IL-13 (correct)

What is activated by IgE to release its granule contents?

  • Neutrophils
  • Mast cells (correct)
  • Th2 cells
  • Macrophages

Which type of macrophage activation pathway is stimulated by Th2 cytokines?

<p>Alternative (M2) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of response impairs the microbicidal functions of macrophages?

<p>Alternative macrophage (M2) activation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway of macrophage activation leads to destruction of microbes and inflammation?

<p>M1 (Classical pathway) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What induces the M2 (Alternative pathway) of macrophage activation?

<p>IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when IgE binds to its Fc receptors on eosinophils?

<p>Activation of eosinophils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine induces isotype class switching to IgE in the lymph node?

<p>IL-4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the signature cytokine of Th1 cells?

<p>IFN-γ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells secrete IL-4 to stimulate the development of Th2 cells?

<p>Mast cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major subsets that CD4+ helper T cells may differentiate into?

<p>Th1, Th2, Th17 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine stimulates the production of IgE antibodies by Tfh cells to coat helminths?

<p>IL-4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which Th1 cells enhance phagocytosis by macrophages?

<p>Binding CD40L to CD40 on macrophages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell types produce both IL-12 and IFN-γ to induce differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th1 effector cells?

<p>Macrophages and NK cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are able to infect and replicate inside a wide variety of other cells?

<p>Virus and some bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subset of CD4+ helper T cells is characterized by producing IL-5 among its signature cytokines?

<p>Th2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune responses are induced in genetically susceptible individuals by allergens?

<p>Th2 responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines are targeted for treatment in patients with severe asthma who exhibit strong Th2 responses?

<p>IL-13 antagonists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune response is essential for eliminating Leishmania major, a protozoal parasite that lives inside macrophages?

<p>Th1 cell-mediated response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agents are being tested in asthma and other allergic disorders by targeting IL-4 receptors or IL-5 cytokine?

<p>IL-4 receptor blockers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is a powerful inhibitor of immune responses but promotes the development of Th17 cells when present with IL-6 or IL1?

<p>TGF-β (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Th17 cells in terms of immune response?

<p>Stimulate the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is responsible for maintaining the integrity of epithelial barriers and promoting repair of damaged epithelia?

<p>IL-22 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein disrupts the integrity of the target cell plasma membrane to facilitate delivery of granzymes into the cytosol?

<p>Perforin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism does not require granule exocytosis for inducing target cell apoptosis by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells?

<p>Engagement of Fas with Fas ligand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cytotoxic CD8+ T cells primarily kill target cells?

<p>By exocytosis of granule proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of CD4+ T cells sequestering microbes within macrophage vesicles?

<p>Eradication of infections by secreting IFN-gamma and activating macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when microbes escape from vesicles into the cytoplasm during an infection?

<p>They become resistant to T cell-mediated killing by macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario would CD8+ T cells be more involved in eliminating an infection?

<p>When the infected cells need to be killed due to cytoplasmic escape of microbes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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