30 Questions
What stimulates eosinophils to release their granule contents?
IL-5
Which cytokine is responsible for stimulating mucus secretion and intestinal peristalsis to expel parasites?
IL-13
What is activated by IgE to release its granule contents?
Mast cells
Which type of macrophage activation pathway is stimulated by Th2 cytokines?
Alternative (M2)
What type of response impairs the microbicidal functions of macrophages?
Alternative macrophage (M2) activation
Which pathway of macrophage activation leads to destruction of microbes and inflammation?
M1 (Classical pathway)
What induces the M2 (Alternative pathway) of macrophage activation?
IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines
What happens when IgE binds to its Fc receptors on eosinophils?
Activation of eosinophils
Which cytokine induces isotype class switching to IgE in the lymph node?
IL-4
What is the signature cytokine of Th1 cells?
IFN-γ
Which type of cells secrete IL-4 to stimulate the development of Th2 cells?
Mast cells
What are the three major subsets that CD4+ helper T cells may differentiate into?
Th1, Th2, Th17
Which cytokine stimulates the production of IgE antibodies by Tfh cells to coat helminths?
IL-4
What is the mechanism by which Th1 cells enhance phagocytosis by macrophages?
Binding CD40L to CD40 on macrophages
Which cell types produce both IL-12 and IFN-γ to induce differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th1 effector cells?
Macrophages and NK cells
Which type of cells are able to infect and replicate inside a wide variety of other cells?
Virus and some bacteria
Which subset of CD4+ helper T cells is characterized by producing IL-5 among its signature cytokines?
Th2
What type of immune responses are induced in genetically susceptible individuals by allergens?
Th2 responses
Which cytokines are targeted for treatment in patients with severe asthma who exhibit strong Th2 responses?
IL-13 antagonists
Which type of immune response is essential for eliminating Leishmania major, a protozoal parasite that lives inside macrophages?
Th1 cell-mediated response
Which agents are being tested in asthma and other allergic disorders by targeting IL-4 receptors or IL-5 cytokine?
IL-4 receptor blockers
Which cytokine is a powerful inhibitor of immune responses but promotes the development of Th17 cells when present with IL-6 or IL1?
TGF-β
What is the main function of Th17 cells in terms of immune response?
Stimulate the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes
Which cytokine is responsible for maintaining the integrity of epithelial barriers and promoting repair of damaged epithelia?
IL-22
Which protein disrupts the integrity of the target cell plasma membrane to facilitate delivery of granzymes into the cytosol?
Perforin
What mechanism does not require granule exocytosis for inducing target cell apoptosis by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells?
Engagement of Fas with Fas ligand
How do cytotoxic CD8+ T cells primarily kill target cells?
By exocytosis of granule proteins
What is the main outcome of CD4+ T cells sequestering microbes within macrophage vesicles?
Eradication of infections by secreting IFN-gamma and activating macrophages
What happens when microbes escape from vesicles into the cytoplasm during an infection?
They become resistant to T cell-mediated killing by macrophages
In what scenario would CD8+ T cells be more involved in eliminating an infection?
When the infected cells need to be killed due to cytoplasmic escape of microbes
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
