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Questions and Answers
Which cytokine stimulates the differentiation of Regulatory T (Treg) cells?
Which cytokine stimulates the differentiation of Regulatory T (Treg) cells?
Which cytokine stimulates the differentiation of Th1 cells?
Which cytokine stimulates the differentiation of Th1 cells?
What is the role of Th1 cells in the immune system?
What is the role of Th1 cells in the immune system?
What are the two main types of cell-mediated immune responses?
What are the two main types of cell-mediated immune responses?
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What is the primary cytokine produced by Th2 cells?
What is the primary cytokine produced by Th2 cells?
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What are the functionally distinct subsets of CD4+ T cells that produce different cytokines and eliminate different types of pathogens?
What are the functionally distinct subsets of CD4+ T cells that produce different cytokines and eliminate different types of pathogens?
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Which type of T cell recognizes both intra and extracellular microbes?
Which type of T cell recognizes both intra and extracellular microbes?
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What is the primary role of Treg (Regulatory T) cells in the immune system?
What is the primary role of Treg (Regulatory T) cells in the immune system?
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Which type of immune reactions consist of multiple steps involving antigen recognition, T cell proliferation, differentiation of Naïve T cells, migration of effector cells to the site of infection, and effector function of T cells at the site of infection?
Which type of immune reactions consist of multiple steps involving antigen recognition, T cell proliferation, differentiation of Naïve T cells, migration of effector cells to the site of infection, and effector function of T cells at the site of infection?
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Which type of T cell recognizes cytosolic microbes only?
Which type of T cell recognizes cytosolic microbes only?
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Study Notes
Cytokines and T Cell Differentiation
- Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) stimulates the differentiation of Regulatory T (Treg) cells.
- Interleukin-12 (IL-12) promotes the differentiation of Th1 cells.
Role of Th1 Cells
- Th1 cells play a crucial role in the immune response against intracellular pathogens, such as viruses and some bacteria.
- They activate macrophages and enhance their ability to eliminate pathogens.
Cell-Mediated Immune Responses
- There are two main types:
- Cell-mediated immunity, which targets intracellular pathogens.
- Humoral immunity, which targets extracellular pathogens through antibody production.
Primary Cytokine of Th2 Cells
- Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is the primary cytokine produced by Th2 cells, essential for promoting allergic responses and defense against helminths.
Distinct Subsets of CD4+ T Cells
- CD4+ T cells include functionally distinct subsets such as Th1, Th2, and Th17, each producing different cytokines and targeting specific pathogens.
T Cell Recognition of Pathogens
- CD4+ helper T cells (including Th1 and Th2) recognize extracellular antigens presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II molecules.
- CD8+ cytotoxic T cells recognize cytosolic microbes presented by MHC class I molecules, targeting infected or altered cells.
Primary Role of Treg Cells
- Treg cells maintain immune tolerance and prevent overactive immune responses, thus playing a pivotal role in self-tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases.
Effector Phase of T Cell Immune Reactions
- Immune reactions involve multiple steps, including:
- Antigen recognition.
- T cell proliferation.
- Differentiation of Naïve T cells.
- Migration of effector cells to the infection site.
- Execution of effector functions to combat infection.
Recognition of Cytosolic Microbes
- CD8+ T cells exclusively recognize cytosolic microbes and are vital for targeting infected cells through the MHC class I pathway.
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Description
Test your knowledge on T cell differentiation and cytokine production with this quiz. Explore the distinct roles and cytokine profiles of effector T cells such as Th1 cells, and enhance your understanding of cellular immunity against intracellular pathogens.
