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Questions and Answers
What is the typical shape of E. coli bacteria?
What is the typical shape of E. coli bacteria?
- Bacillus (rod-shaped) (correct)
- Spirillum (spiral)
- Vibrio (comma-shaped)
- Coccus (spherical)
What is the primary function of flagella in E. coli?
What is the primary function of flagella in E. coli?
- Movement in liquid environments (correct)
- Nutrient absorption
- Adhesion to host cells
- Protection against host defenses
What characteristic is associated with E. coli O157:H7?
What characteristic is associated with E. coli O157:H7?
- It is strictly anaerobic
- It is a non-motile strain
- It produces beta-hemolysis on blood agar
- It produces verocytotoxins (correct)
What is the purpose of using transport media when collecting E. coli samples?
What is the purpose of using transport media when collecting E. coli samples?
What is the function of pili in E. coli?
What is the function of pili in E. coli?
What type of bacteria is Klebsiella?
What type of bacteria is Klebsiella?
Where can Klebsiella bacteria typically be found?
Where can Klebsiella bacteria typically be found?
What is a characteristic feature that surrounds Klebsiella?
What is a characteristic feature that surrounds Klebsiella?
What percentage of hospital-acquired infections are attributed to Klebsiella?
What percentage of hospital-acquired infections are attributed to Klebsiella?
Why is Klebsiella infection treatment increasingly challenging?
Why is Klebsiella infection treatment increasingly challenging?
What is the primary purpose of transporting a specimen to the laboratory promptly?
What is the primary purpose of transporting a specimen to the laboratory promptly?
What type of media inhibits the growth of some bacteria while allowing E. coli to flourish?
What type of media inhibits the growth of some bacteria while allowing E. coli to flourish?
Which test identifies bacteria that produce indole from tryptophan?
Which test identifies bacteria that produce indole from tryptophan?
What does a positive result in an E. coli test indicate?
What does a positive result in an E. coli test indicate?
Which staining method is used on direct smears to examine diarrheal stool samples, urine, pus, CSF, and blood?
Which staining method is used on direct smears to examine diarrheal stool samples, urine, pus, CSF, and blood?
To which family of bacteria does Klebsiella belong?
To which family of bacteria does Klebsiella belong?
Which Klebsiella species is most clinically significant?
Which Klebsiella species is most clinically significant?
What is crucial for minimizing contamination during specimen collection?
What is crucial for minimizing contamination during specimen collection?
What characteristic morphology does Klebsiella exhibit under microscopic examination of Gram-stained smears?
What characteristic morphology does Klebsiella exhibit under microscopic examination of Gram-stained smears?
What is the purpose of Gram staining in the laboratory diagnosis of Klebsiella?
What is the purpose of Gram staining in the laboratory diagnosis of Klebsiella?
EHEC strains produce Shiga toxins.
EHEC strains produce Shiga toxins.
Differential media prevent the differentiation of bacteria based on metabolic characteristics.
Differential media prevent the differentiation of bacteria based on metabolic characteristics.
ETEC strains cause dysentery-like symptoms.
ETEC strains cause dysentery-like symptoms.
E. coli is not a common cause of UTIs.
E. coli is not a common cause of UTIs.
MacConkey agar selects for gram-positive bacteria such as E. coli.
MacConkey agar selects for gram-positive bacteria such as E. coli.
Cooking meat and poultry to the recommended internal temperature kills E. coli.
Cooking meat and poultry to the recommended internal temperature kills E. coli.
The Indole test identifies bacteria that produce indole from tryptophan.
The Indole test identifies bacteria that produce indole from tryptophan.
A positive result for E. coli in a sample indicates the absence of E. coli.
A positive result for E. coli in a sample indicates the absence of E. coli.
A vaccine is currently available to protect against all types of E. coli infection.
A vaccine is currently available to protect against all types of E. coli infection.
The Methyl Red test determines the ability of bacteria to produce acid from mannose fermentation.
The Methyl Red test determines the ability of bacteria to produce acid from mannose fermentation.
E. coli infections pose a greater threat to vulnerable groups.
E. coli infections pose a greater threat to vulnerable groups.
Food safety is not typically impacted by E. coli.
Food safety is not typically impacted by E. coli.
Klebsiella are Gram-positive bacteria, meaning they stain purple under a microscope.
Klebsiella are Gram-positive bacteria, meaning they stain purple under a microscope.
Klebsiella are only found in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals.
Klebsiella are only found in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals.
If you have a strong immune system, Klebsiella will likely cause infection.
If you have a strong immune system, Klebsiella will likely cause infection.
E. coli bacteria are Gram-positive.
E. coli bacteria are Gram-positive.
E. coli are non-motile bacteria.
E. coli are non-motile bacteria.
E. coli is a common cause of fecal pollution of water.
E. coli is a common cause of fecal pollution of water.
All E. coli strains are pathogenic and cause severe illnesses in humans.
All E. coli strains are pathogenic and cause severe illnesses in humans.
Pili are structures that extend from the cell surface and facilitate adherence to host cells.
Pili are structures that extend from the cell surface and facilitate adherence to host cells.
Flashcards
E. coli Morphology
E. coli Morphology
Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria found in the intestines of animals, including humans.
E. coli Flagella
E. coli Flagella
Hair-like appendages that allow E. coli to move freely in liquid environments.
E. coli Capsule
E. coli Capsule
A structure that surrounds the cell wall, protecting against host defenses and environmental stresses.
E. coli Pili
E. coli Pili
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Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
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Selective Media
Selective Media
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Differential Media
Differential Media
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Indole Production Test
Indole Production Test
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Methyl Red Test
Methyl Red Test
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Citrate Utilization Test
Citrate Utilization Test
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E. coli Impact
E. coli Impact
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Klebsiella
Klebsiella
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Facultative Anaerobes
Facultative Anaerobes
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Opportunistic Pathogens
Opportunistic Pathogens
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Klebsiella Pneumonia
Klebsiella Pneumonia
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Klebsiella Species Identification
Klebsiella Species Identification
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Microscopic Appearance of Klebsiella
Microscopic Appearance of Klebsiella
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Specimen Collection
Specimen Collection
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E. coli Characteristics
E. coli Characteristics
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E. coli Haemolysis
E. coli Haemolysis
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Diarrheagenic E. coli
Diarrheagenic E. coli
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Verocytotoxigenic Toxins
Verocytotoxigenic Toxins
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Timely Specimen Delivery
Timely Specimen Delivery
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Voges-Proskauer Test
Voges-Proskauer Test
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Positive E.coli Test Result
Positive E.coli Test Result
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E.coli Lab Diagnosis
E.coli Lab Diagnosis
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Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
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E. coli Clinical Significance
E. coli Clinical Significance
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E. coli Public Health Strategies
E. coli Public Health Strategies
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Klebsiella Epidemiology
Klebsiella Epidemiology
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Klebsiella Drug Resistance
Klebsiella Drug Resistance
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EHEC
EHEC
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ETEC
ETEC
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EIEC
EIEC
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EPEC
EPEC
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E. coli Prevention: Hand Hygiene
E. coli Prevention: Hand Hygiene
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Study Notes
- E.coli can cause fecal pollution of water
Lab Diagnosis - Culture Characters
- E.coli isolated from extraintestinal sources produce beta haemolysis on blood agar.
E. coli Pathogenic Strains
- Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strains produce Shiga toxins, resulting in bloody diarrhea and life-threatening complications, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).
- Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains cause traveler's diarrhea, characterized by watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting.
- Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) strains invade the intestinal lining, leading to bloody diarrhea and dysentery-like symptoms.
- Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains attach to the intestinal lining, causing diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration, particularly in infants.
Klebsiella pneumoniae Subspecies Identification
- Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae is the most common subspecies responsible for infections, including pneumonia, UTIs, and bacteremia and produces a capsule to evade the host's immune system.
- Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae is less commonly encountered, associated with chronic, foul-smelling nasal infections (ozena), and lacks the typical capsule.
Emerging Klebsiella Species and Variants
- Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections.
- Klebsiella oxytoca is commonly found in the environment, particularly in water.
- Klebsiella aerogenes is an opportunistic pathogen commonly found in hospital setting that causes infections in the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and bloodstream.
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