Systems Analysis and Design Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which phase of the Unified Process comes immediately after Elaboration?

  • Inception
  • Construction (correct)
  • Transition
  • Deployment

    • What principle does Extreme Programming emphasize regarding change?

  • Change is a hindrance to development.
  • Change is more important than detailed plans. (correct)
  • Change is less important than detailed plans.
  • Change should be avoided during projects.

    • In Extreme Programming, what does the practice of pair programming involve?

  • Coding solo while frequently consulting with team members.
  • Programming with alternating shifts to maximize productivity.
  • One programmer codes while another reviews the final output.
  • Two programmers collaborate on designing, coding, and testing. (correct)

    • What is a key characteristic of the Unified Process in terms of user involvement?

    <p>Focuses early and often on users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of refactoring code in Extreme Programming?

    <p>To improve the code's structure without altering its behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which discipline is NOT part of the UP disciplines?

    <p>Measuring performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does XP prioritize to avoid project failure?

    <p>Open communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the practice of continuous integration entail in Extreme Programming?

    <p>Frequent integration of small code pieces that have passed unit tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered one of the core values of Extreme Programming?

    <p>Inclusivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of having an on-site customer in Extreme Programming?

    <p>To ensure business decisions regarding functionality are made quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does feedback play in Extreme Programming?

    <p>It is recognized as a best practice in software development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the XP practice known as 'system metaphor' aim to achieve?

    <p>To establish a shared understanding among team members about the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of small releases in Extreme Programming?

    <p>They provide frequent opportunities for user feedback and involvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of XP, what does planning focus on?

    <p>Making a rough plan and refining it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Unified Process handle project adaptability?

    <p>It can be adapted to the needs of a specific project.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the 'forty-hour week' principle in Extreme Programming?

    <p>Focusing on a standard work week rather than the specific number of hours worked.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of a Scrum team during a sprint?

    <p>To implement a specific portion of the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the product owner play in a Scrum project?

    <p>They are responsible for project backlog and priorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice is conducted during a daily Scrum meeting?

    <p>Reporting progress and challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the 'sprint backlog' in Scrum?

    <p>The scope of the sprint that cannot be changed once established</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes 'Software as a Service' (SAAS)?

    <p>Software accessed via the Internet without local installations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Scrum?

    <p>The project manager has complete control over all tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern of back-end computing?

    <p>Server capabilities to handle heavy workloads from client requests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Scrum master?

    <p>To facilitate the Scrum process and remove obstacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three specific system development methodologies emphasized in this content?

    <p>Unified Process, Extreme Programming, Scrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which methodology is based on agile principles but can also be used in an agile fashion?

    <p>Unified Process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an aspect of iterative development in Scrum?

    <p>Long biannual project planning sessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trend describes the convergence of Internet and telephone communications?

    <p>Integration of voice and video services over the Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant aspect of the Unified Process methodology?

    <p>It defines an elaborate set of activities and deliverables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Extreme Programming (XP)?

    <p>Emphasizes customer involvement and feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of open-source software?

    <p>Freely available source code to any interested developers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'last mile' refer to in Internet infrastructure?

    <p>The final delivery path of Internet connectivity to customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key trend affecting system development mentioned in the content?

    <p>Continuation of Web-based applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of devices impacts trends in application software availability?

    <p>Shift towards cloud computing and network accessibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Extreme Programming and Scrum have in common?

    <p>Both are rooted in agile principles and iterative development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about Scrum philosophy?

    <p>It allows teams to exert complete control over their processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the Unified Process Life Cycle?

    <p>It includes phases and iterations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable change in more recent versions of the Unified Process?

    <p>A simplification of activities and deliverables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following trends is NOT mentioned as a factor affecting system development?

    <p>Use of cloud computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which modeling technique is predominantly used in the Unified Process?

    <p>UML</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Web 2.0 applications?

    <p>Support for user-generated content and interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a widget?

    <p>A type of add-on that enhances user interfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a toolbar in a web application?

    <p>To facilitate user access to application functionalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mashups utilize predefined APIs?

    <p>By combining functionalities of different websites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology is known for providing desktop-like interactions within browsers?

    <p>Ajax libraries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major characteristic of Rich Internet Applications (RIAs)?

    <p>They support active user interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Software as a Service (SAAS)?

    <p>Software applications shared among multiple users and organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Adobe Flash Platform primarily known for?

    <p>Multimedia platform for animation and interactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about open-source software is true?

    <p>It is provided free of charge and allows users to modify the code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adaptive methodology is known for its formal structure and specific definitions?

    <p>Unified Process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a feature of HTML5?

    <p>It standardizes RIA specifications for built-in browser delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World

    • The text focuses on system development methodologies, emphasizing Agile, iterative development using UML.
    • Three specific methodologies are detailed: Unified Process (UP), Scrum, and Extreme Programming (XP).
    • Additionally, the document discusses three key trends affecting system development: consumer devices, distributed application software, and the shift towards web-based applications.

    Unified Process (UP)

    • Developed by Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson at Rational Software (now part of IBM).
    • Widely recognized for its influence on software development.
    • Uses an object-oriented, adaptive approach.
    • The original version defined detailed activities and deliverables for each development step.
    • More recent versions are streamlined, simplifying activities.

    Unified Process (UP) Life Cycle

    • Iterative and phased, with four main phases: Inception, Elaboration, Construction, and Transition.
    • Each phase consists of iterations.
    • The UP model is similar to the SDLC, but excludes detailed phase definitions for simplicity.

    Unified Process Disciplines

    • A set of functionally related activities that combine to enable the development process
    • Core development processes, including business modeling, requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment, configuration/change management, project management, and environment.
    • These disciplines are involved in each iteration. Iteration 2 involves extensive business modeling and requirements, with some design, implementation, and testing. Iteration 5 involves minimal modeling and requirements, but heavy implementation and testing.

    Extreme Programming (XP)

    • An Agile development methodology, often seen as a response to the original UP.
    • Focuses on industry best practices.
    • Based on core values of communication, simplicity, feedback, and courage.
    • Defines specific XP practices including planning, testing, pair programming, simple designs, refactoring, collective code ownership, continuous integration, on-site customer, small releases, and coding standards.

    Scrum

    • Another influential Agile, iterative development methodology, inspired by Rugby principles.
    • A short, intense time-boxed effort, involving the entire team, typically lasting for a short duration.
    • Scrum philosophy emphasizes team control over its own organization and processes.
    • Software is developed incrementally and controls are empirically focused.

    Scrum Organization

    • Product backlog (prioritized list of user requirements) guides work selection.
    • A product owner represents the client stakeholder.
    • A Scrum master manages the project, similar to a project manager.
    • Scrum teams generally consist of 5-9 people.
    • Teams set their own goals, organize themselves, and make decisions.

    Scrum Practices

    • Sprint—a time-controlled mini-project to implement a specific part of a system with a set scope and deliverable.
    • Daily Scrum meetings—regular team check-ins on progress (15 minutes max).
    • Sprint backlog—defines the scope of the work during the sprint.
    • New client computing devices and applications, including small, mobile, connected devices, device-top applications, and free/standalone internet applications.
    • Trend toward continuous connectivity to the Internet.
    • Large back-end computing services, with significant workloads and consolidation.
    • Software as a service (SaaS) model for software delivery and access
    • Open-source software, which provides free access to source code.
    • Detailed cost comparison between purchasing software ownership verses SaaS
    • Open Source applications, including business, databases, development, and web application categories.

    The Web as an Application Platform

    • Evolution from simple text/image pages, to animation and media integration, toward rich interaction applications (RIAs).
    • Web 2.0 is a nonstandard, loosely defined term encompassing user-generated content, interaction, specific software components (plug-ins/widgets), and customizable themes.

    Rich Internet Applications (RIAs)

    • Enable interactive, multimedia-rich user experience on the web.
    • Relies on several key technologies, libraries and platforms including JavaScript, Ajax libraries, ICEFaces, JavaFX, Adobe Flash platform, Microsoft Silverlight, and HTML5.

    Summary

    • Adaptive development methodologies like the Unified Process, Extreme Programming, and Scrum are key trends in software development.
    • Mobile devices and the growth of large-scale server farms are crucial for web based applications/services
    • Trends in software availability: SaaS and open source remain prominent.
    • The web is increasingly recognized as a significant application platform.

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    Description

    Explore the key methodologies in systems analysis and design, with a focus on Agile, Unified Process (UP), Scrum, and Extreme Programming (XP). This quiz also examines the impact of consumer devices, distributed applications, and web-based trends on system development. Test your understanding of these critical concepts.

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