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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of system integration?
Which of the following is NOT a key step in the system integration process?
Which challenge is related to the technical compatibility of systems during integration?
What are the crucial components of system architecture?
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Which step in building a system architecture involves designing the overall layout and structure?
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What type of system integration focuses on the collaboration between different businesses?
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In the context of system architecture, what does scalability refer to?
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Which of the following is a type of system architecture that is designed to be a single, unified application?
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What is the primary focus of a predictive project life cycle?
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Which of the following is not a phase of a project life cycle?
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What is a characteristic of the Agile project life cycle?
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What is the purpose of establishing system architecture?
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In which project life cycle phase does the project manager define scope and objectives?
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Which project life cycle approach delivers software in fully completed pieces?
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What does the planning phase primarily involve?
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Which architectural style allows for decentralized interactions between multiple entities?
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What ethical issue is raised by the unauthorized use of computer services or stored information?
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In the context of computer ethics, new forms of assets challenge traditional concepts of ownership due to their unique nature. What is one example of such an asset?
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Which of the following is a general moral imperative related to ethical behavior in computing?
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What responsibility is associated with the integrity and appropriateness of computer output?
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Which action is part of ethical computing practices in relation to intellectual property?
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What is the primary focus of the development stage in the product life cycle?
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Which phase of the product life cycle is characterized by stable market position and consistent sales?
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At which stage is a product first launched into the market?
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Which of the following best describes the retirement stage in the product life cycle?
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How does the product life cycle differ from the project life cycle?
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What is a common misconception about cybercrime?
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Which aspect is typically included in the project life cycle but not in the product life cycle?
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In which phase of the product life cycle does a product generally gain momentum and popularity?
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What is a primary use of computers as communication tools in illegal activities?
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Which of the following best describes intellectual property?
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Which of the following is an example of a computer used as a storage device for unlawful activity?
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What do copyrights primarily protect?
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Which type of property can include items like cars and bank accounts?
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What function do trademarks serve in commerce?
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Which of the following activities falls under the use of computers as a target?
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In which category do the illegal sales of prescription drugs and gambling activities belong?
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Study Notes
System Integration
- Definition: Connecting multiple systems into a single, larger system that functions as one.
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Examples:
- Inventory Management & Point-of-Sale (POS) Integration
- CAD & Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) Integration
- Banking Systems & Accounting Software Integration
- Electronic Health Records (EHR) & Appointment Scheduling Systems Integration
- CRM & Marketing Automation Integration
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Key Steps:
- Planning and feasibility analysis - Assess systems and develop a strategy.
- Architecture Modeling - Design a custom architecture to meet specific needs.
- Implementation - Execute and make the system usable.
- Maintenance - Routine upkeep of the integration.
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Benefits:
- Consistency
- Agility and Innovation
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Challenges:
- Compatibility Issues - Ensuring systems work together seamlessly.
- Security and Compliance - Maintaining data security and adhering to regulations.
- Resource Constraints - Limited budget, time, or expertise.
- Maintenance and Upgrades - Upgrading systems as needed.
- Change Management - Managing the transition for users.
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Types:
- Legacy System Integration - Connecting older systems.
- Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) - Connecting applications within an organization.
- Third-party System Integration - Connecting external systems .
- Business-to-Business Integration (B2B) - Connecting systems between businesses.
System Architecture
- Definition: The structural framework defining the properties of a system.
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Key Components:
- Hardware Infrastructure - Physical components like servers and storage devices.
- Software Stack - Software layers like operating systems, databases, and applications.
- Network Configuration - How systems are connected.
- Data Storage - Mechanisms for storing data.
- Web User Interface (UI) - User interactions with the system.
- Security Measures - Security protocols to protect data and systems.
- Scalability Solutions - Ability to handle increased usage.
- Integration Protocols - Standards for communicating between systems.
- Monitoring and Logging - Tracking system performance and events.
- Backup and Recovery - Procedures for restoring data in case of failures.
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Building a System Architecture:
- Define Your OBJECTIVES - What the system should accomplish.
- Identify STAKEHOLDERS - Individuals or groups involved.
- Gather REQUIREMENTS - The functionalities and features needed.
- Design the ARCHITECTURE - Create a blueprint of the system.
- Prototype and Test - Create a working model and evaluate it.
- Implement and Monitor - Put the architecture into practice and track its performance.
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Types:
- Monolithic - All components in one unit.
- Client-Server - Client interacts with a server.
- Service-Oriented - Components as services that communicate via messages.
- Microservices - Small, independent units of code.
- Event-Driven - Components react to events.
- Layered - Components organized in distinct layers.
- Peer-to-Peer - Components communicate directly with each other.
- Message-Driven - Components communicate via messages.
- Hybrid - Combines elements of multiple architectures.
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Importance:
- Build a Solid Foundation for the Software Project
- Reduce Costs
- Troubleshooting and Improving Performance
- Quicker changes
Project Life Cycle
- Definition: Framework for managing projects strategically and effectively.
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Types:
- Predictive (Traditional/Classical) - Planning and determining project needs before starting. Examples: Waterfall.
- Iterative - Developing software in iterations, with feedback incorporated in each step.
- Incremental - Developing software in stages, each stage producing a complete feature.
- Agile/Adaptive (Change-driven) - Focusing on feedback, timely delivery, and unclear scopes.
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Phases:
- Initiation - Defining the scope and objectives.
- Planning - Identifying technical requirements, creating a detailed project schedule, communication plan, and setting goals/deliverables.
- Execution - Implementing tasks based on the Project Plan.
- Monitoring - Tracking project progress and team performance.
- Closing - Finalizing the project after delivery.
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Product Life Cycle vs. Project Life Cycle
- Product Life Cycle: Covers the entire life of a product, including multiple versions and releases.
- Project Life Cycle: Focuses on specific development tasks for a product version.
- Differences: A product life cycle includes marketing and support, while a project life cycle focuses on development.
Computer Crime (Cybercrime)
- Definition: Criminal activity using computers or networks.
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Categories:
- Computers as Targets: Gaining unauthorized access to information, controlling systems, or altering data integrity.
- Computers as Storage Devices: Storing stolen data, such as passwords, credit card information, or pirated software.
- Computers as Communication Tools: Using computers for online crimes like drug sales, fraud, or child pornography.
Intellectual Property
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Primary Types of Property:
- Real Property: Land and permanent attachments (buildings, trees).
- Personal Property: Movable goods (cars, furniture, bank accounts).
- Intellectual Property: Intangible assets based on human knowledge and ideas.
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Types of Intellectual Property:
- Copyrights: Protecting the expression of an idea, not the idea itself.
- Trademarks: Identifying the source of goods.
- Patents: Granting exclusive rights to inventions.
- Trade Secrets: Confidential information that gives a business a competitive edge.
- Industrial Designs: Protecting the aesthetic features of a product.
Ethical Issues (Computer Ethics)
- Repositories and Processors of Information: Unfair or inappropriate use of computer services or information stored on them.
- Producers of New Forms of Assets: Ownership and legal protection of new assets like computer programs.
- Instruments of Acts: Responsibility for the integrity and appropriateness of computer output.
- Symbols of Intimidation and Deception: Addressing the perception of computers as infallible, thinking machines, or replacements for humans.
General Moral Imperatives
- Contribute to Society and Human Well-being:
- Avoid Harm to Others:
- Be Honest and Trustworthy:
- Be Fair and Take Action not to Discriminate:
- Honor Property Rights including Copyrights and Patents:
- Give Proper Credit for Intellectual Property:
- Respect the Privacy of Others:
- Honor Confidentiality:
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of system integration, including definitions, key steps, and examples. Learn about the benefits and challenges involved in connecting multiple systems to function as a cohesive unit. This quiz will enhance your understanding of what it takes to achieve successful system integration.
