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Questions and Answers
What characterizes a functional organizational structure?
Which organizational structure is designed to meet the needs of specific customers or groups?
How does a matrix structure organize its workforce?
What is a distinct feature of a project organizational structure?
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In which structure are individuals grouped by both skill and product specialization?
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What is the primary purpose of systems integration?
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Which of the following best describes systems architecture?
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What is necessary for system developers and architects before they can start working?
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In the context of systems, what role does a subsystem play?
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Why is identifying a containing whole important when explaining a system's behavior?
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What element is essential for improving system interoperability?
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Which of the following is NOT a requirement to integrate systems in a large organization?
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Systems Thinking can best be defined as:
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Which of the following best describes a system?
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What is a primary goal of system architecture in an organization?
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Which aspect of system integration focuses on maintaining accuracy and consistency of data?
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What benefit does system integration provide regarding operational efficiency?
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What does robustness in system integration refer to?
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What is a defining characteristic of a project?
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Which of the following is NOT a typical attribute of projects?
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Why is it important for project managers to understand their project's context within the organization?
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Who is considered a stakeholder in a project?
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How can project managers effectively address stakeholder needs?
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What is a primary consideration regarding organizational structures in projects?
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Which group is considered a critical stakeholder in project management?
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Which attribute does NOT describe the nature of projects?
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Study Notes
Introduction
- Many systems are built to improve and transform organizations.
- Systems may not have an abstract view (architecture) which leads to failure of system interoperability.
System Integration and Architecture
- Organizations need to integrate systems to ensure:
- Flexibility
- Speed
- Cost
- Standardization
- Data Integrity
- Reliability
- Robustness.
Key Terminology
- System: A group of interacting or interrelated entities that form a unified whole.
- Systems Thinking: An ability or skill to perform problem solving in complex systems.
- System Integration: The combination of interrelated elements to achieve a common objective(s).
- System Architecture: The high-level design and structure of complex systems.
Systems Thinking
- A way of understanding an entity in terms of its purpose.
- Three major steps for systems thinking:
- Identify a containing whole (system), of which the thing to be explained is a part.
- Explain the behavior or properties of the containing whole.
- Explains the thing to be explained in terms of its roles or functions within its containing whole.
System Integration
- Allows for the automated exchange of consistent information between different systems.
Systems Architecture
- Serves as a blueprint that defines how components, subsystems, and modules within a system interact with each other to achieve specific objectives.
Projects
- System developers and architects cannot do anything without establishing projects.
- Project managers need to take a holistic or systems view of a project and understand how it is situated within the larger organization.
What is a Project?
- Attributes of projects:
- Unique purpose
- Temporary
- Require resources, often from various areas
- Should have a primary sponsor and/or customer
- Involve uncertainty
Stakeholders
- People involved in or affected by project activities.
- Include:
- Project sponsor and project team
- Support staff
- Customers
- Users
- Suppliers
- Opponents to the project.
Importance of Stakeholders
- Project managers must take time to identify, understand, and manage relationships with all project stakeholders.
Basic Organizational Structures
- Four general types of organizational structure:
- Functional
- Divisional
- Matrix
- Project-based
Functional Structure
- Also referred to as a bureaucratic organizational structure.
- Breaks up a company based on the specialization of its workforce.
Divisional Structure
- Coordinates inter-group relationships to create a work team that can readily meet the needs of a certain customer or group of customers.
Matrix Structure
- Groups people in two different ways: by the function they perform and by the product team they are working with.
Project Organization Structure
- Teams are put together based on the number of members needed to produce the product or complete the project.
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of system integration and architecture in organizations. This quiz covers key terminology, the importance of systems thinking, and the necessary elements for successful system interoperability. Test your understanding of how organizations can achieve flexibility, speed, and reliability through effective system design.
