System Calls Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which mode does a process execute in until a system call interrupts it?

  • User mode (correct)
  • Kernel mode
  • Priority mode
  • Interrupt mode

    • What mode does a system call execute in?

  • User mode
  • Priority mode
  • Kernel mode (correct)
  • Interrupt mode

    • What happens once the execution of a system call is over?

  • Control returns to the kernel mode
  • Control returns to the user mode (correct)
  • Control is transferred to the priority mode
  • Control is transferred to the interrupt mode

    • How are parameters passed to the operating system in a system call?

    <p>In registers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of system calls in an operating system?

    <p>Process Control, File Management, Device Management, Communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of system calls handles file manipulation tasks like creating, reading, and writing files?

    <p>File Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of system calls are used for interprocess communications?

    <p>Communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system call is used to terminate program execution?

    <p>exit()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system program provides a convenient environment for program development and execution?

    <p>Programming language support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is file management defined as?

    <p>The process of manipulating files and directories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of loaders are used for program loading and execution?

    <p>Relocatable loaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do background services provide?

    <p>Facilities like disk checking and process scheduling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are application programs?

    <p>Programs run by users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle allows maximum flexibility if policy decisions are to be changed later?

    <p>The separation of policy from mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system structure is divided into layers, with each layer built on top of lower layers?

    <p>Layered Approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system structure removes non-essential components from the kernel and implements them as system and user programs?

    <p>Microkernel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system structure is similar to layers but with more flexibility, allowing each core component to be separate and loadable as needed within the kernel?

    <p>Modules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system structure combines multiple approaches, such as monolithic and microkernel, to address performance, security, and usability needs?

    <p>Hybrid Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system structure is known for its performance overhead of user space to kernel space communication?

    <p>Microkernel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system structure is not divided into modules and has interfaces and levels of functionality that are not well separated?

    <p>MS-DOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system structure is easier to extend and port to new architectures, more reliable, and more secure due to less code running in kernel mode?

    <p>Microkernel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system structure implements loadable kernel modules, with each core component separate and talking to others over known interfaces?

    <p>Modules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system structure is a hybrid of monolithic and microkernel, with the kernel consisting of Mach microkernel and BSD Unix parts, plus additional modules?

    <p>Hybrid Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which programming language is typically used to write system calls?

    <p>C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a system call?

    <p>To provide a programming interface to the services provided by the OS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of system programs?

    <p>To explain the role of system programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an Application Programming Interface (API) in relation to system calls?

    <p>To provide a programming interface to the services provided by the OS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a system-call name in the context of an operating system?

    <p>To identify a specific system call</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of an interactive system, what are the first two system calls required to execute a program that copies the contents of one file to another?

    <p>Read from the keyboard and write a prompting message on the screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of system calls in the context of an operating system?

    <p>To provide a programming interface to the services provided by the OS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which programming language is typically used to write system calls?

    <p>C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an Application Programming Interface (API) in relation to system calls?

    <p>To provide a programming interface for system calls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens once the execution of a system call is over?

    <p>The program continues executing the next instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system structure designs the operating system by removing all non-essential components from the kernel and implementing them as system and user programs?

    <p>Microkernel System Structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system structure is divided into layers, with each layer built on top of lower layers?

    <p>Layered Approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system structure implements loadable kernel modules, with each core component separate and talking to others over known interfaces?

    <p>Modules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system structure combines multiple approaches, such as monolithic and microkernel, to address performance, security, and usability needs?

    <p>Hybrid Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system call is used by the operating system to send a termination signal to a process that urges the process to exit?

    <p>kill()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of file management in an operating system?

    <p>To create and modify files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system program provides facilities like disk checking and process scheduling?

    <p>Background services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of separating policy from mechanism in operating system design?

    <p>To allow maximum flexibility for changing policy decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of system calls handle file manipulation tasks like creating, reading, and writing files?

    <p>File Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of system calls in an operating system?

    <p>Process Control, File Management, Device Management, Information Maintenance, Communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are parameters passed to the operating system in a system call?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of system calls are specially used for interprocess communications?

    <p>Communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a process in an operating system?

    <p>A program in execution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What resources do processes need in order to execute?

    <p>Memory space, CPU, and other resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an operating system assigns resources to processes?

    <p>The operating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the executable file contains global variables?

    <p>Data section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of a process when it is waiting for an event to occur?

    <p>Waiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Process Control Block (PCB)?

    <p>To track the execution status of a process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is contained in the PCB?

    <p>Process state, process ID, and program counter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the size of a message that the link can accommodate fixed or variable?

    <p>Fixed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is a link unidirectional or bi-directional?

    <p>Bi-directional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of communication link is associated with exactly one pair of communicating processes?

    <p>Logical link</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of communication link allows processes to communicate only if they share a mailbox?

    <p>Logical link</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason for cooperating processes in an operating system?

    <p>To maximize CPU use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about process termination in an operating system?

    <p>All resources assigned to a terminated process are deallocated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inter-process communication (IPC) in an operating system?

    <p>To allow processes to exchange data and information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two models of IPC (Inter-Process Communication) in an operating system?

    <p>Shared memory and message passing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which year did the Internet begin as ARPANET?

    <p>1969</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial purpose of the Internet?

    <p>Text-only communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit of the book covers the topic 'The World Wide Web'?

    <p>UNIT 2A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a high-speed connection to the Internet?

    <p>DSL line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of bandwidth in relation to Internet connection?

    <p>Determines the speed of the connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connection allows only one signal to be transmitted at a time?

    <p>Baseband</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum speed of a narrowband (dial-up) modem connection?

    <p>56 Kbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common risk associated with email attachments?

    <p>Attachments may contain viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of instant messaging?

    <p>To communicate with specified users in real time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution should be taken before opening an attachment in an email?

    <p>Know who has sent the attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the web and the Internet?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)?

    <p>To point to a specific piece of information anywhere on the web.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of search engines in finding information on the internet?

    <p>To crawl through the World Wide Web and index the words on websites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a search service?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connection allows different ISPs to exchange Internet traffic?

    <p>Internet Exchange Point (IXP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of TCP/IP in the context of the Internet?

    <p>To provide a set of rules for transmitting data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the format of an IP address?

    <p>Four sets of numbers separated by periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who oversees the standards of the Internet?

    <p>The Internet Society (ISOC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of search engine allows you to search several search engines simultaneously?

    <p>Metasearch engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of specialized search engines?

    <p>To locate specialized subject matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two ways to send and receive email?

    <p>Email program and web-based email</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using web-based email?

    <p>You can easily send and receive messages while traveling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of high-speed phone line is very expensive and generally used by large organizations?

    <p>T1 line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wireless standard is typically used with laptops and tablets that have Wi-Fi hardware?

    <p>Wi-Fi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of Internet access provider enables wireless-equipped laptop/tablet and smartphone users to access the Internet?

    <p>Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central computer supplying data or services requested by a computer requesting data or services called?

    <p>Server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common risk associated with email attachments?

    <p>Viruses or malware can be hidden in attachments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of bandwidth in relation to Internet connection?

    <p>Bandwidth determines the speed at which data can be transmitted over the Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an Application Programming Interface (API) in relation to system calls?

    <p>API provides a set of functions and protocols for building software applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential risk associated with opening email attachments?

    <p>Attachment may contain a virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of instant messaging?

    <p>To communicate with specified users in real time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What software is required to open an email attachment?

    <p>Compatible software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization oversees the standards of the Internet?

    <p>ISOC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Point of Presence (POP)?

    <p>To connect to an ISP's network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two components of the TCP/IP protocol?

    <p>Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of IP address changes with every use?

    <p>Dynamic IP address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of search engine allows you to search several search engines simultaneously?

    <p>Metasearch engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of search engine helps locate specialized subject matter, such as information on movies or health?

    <p>Specialized search engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an email program in relation to sending and receiving email?

    <p>To interact with an email server at your ISP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using web-based email?

    <p>You can easily send and receive messages while traveling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of high-speed phone line is very expensive and generally used by large organizations?

    <p>T1 line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wireless standard transmits data wirelessly up to 54 Mbps for 300 - 500 feet from an access point (hotspot)?

    <p>Wi-Fi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of internet access provider enables wireless-equipped laptop/tablet and smartphone users to access the internet?

    <p>WISP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central computer supplying data or services requested by a computer requesting data or services called?

    <p>Server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connection is a slow type of connection that allows only one signal to be transmitted at a time?

    <p>Baseband</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connection uses regular phone lines and a DSL modem, receives data at 7-105Mbps, and sends at about 384 Kbps - 1 Mbps?

    <p>Broadband</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum speed of a narrowband (dial-up) modem connection?

    <p>56 Kbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a system call in the context of an operating system?

    <p>To request services from the operating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the difference between the web and the Internet?

    <p>The web is a document on the Internet that can include text, pictures, sound, and video.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a browser?

    <p>To connect to websites and display their content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)?

    <p>The address for a web page.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of search engines?

    <p>To compile searchable databases on the web.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chapter of the textbook covers the topic 'The World Wide Web'?

    <p>Chapter 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit of the textbook focuses on 'The Riches & Risks of Internet Use'?

    <p>Unit 2B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the Internet begin?

    <p>1969</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of broadband connections?

    <p>They have high-speed connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a dial-up modem in connecting to the Internet?

    <p>To transmit data from local to remote computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of internet connection is very expensive and generally used by large organizations?

    <p>T1 line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wireless standard transmits data wirelessly up to 54 Mbps for 300 - 500 feet from an access point (hotspot)?

    <p>Wi-Fi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum speed of a DSL line connection?

    <p>7-105 Mbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of bandwidth in relation to Internet connection?

    <p>To determine the speed of the connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of internet access provider enables wireless-equipped laptop/tablet and smartphone users to access the internet?

    <p>WISP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these best describes the Internet?

    <p>A huge network that connects hundreds of thousands of smaller networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common risk associated with email attachments?

    <p>Email attachments can contain viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution should be taken before opening an attachment in an email?

    <p>Scan the attachment with antivirus software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of instant messaging?

    <p>To communicate in real time with specified users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)?

    <p>IXPs allow different ISPs to exchange Internet traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of IP addresses?

    <p>To identify devices connected to the Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who oversees the standards of the Internet?

    <p>The board of trustees of the Internet Society (ISOC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Internet backbone?

    <p>To provide high-speed, high-capacity data transmission lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of search engine allows you to search several search engines simultaneously?

    <p>Metasearch engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using web-based email?

    <p>Ability to access email from any device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two ways to send and receive email?

    <p>Email program and web-based email</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of instant messaging?

    <p>To communicate in real-time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the difference between the web and the Internet?

    <p>The web is multimedia-based, while the Internet is not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a browser?

    <p>To get you to websites and display their content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a web page?

    <p>A document on the web that can include text, pictures, sound, and video</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a URL?

    <p>The web protocol, domain name, directory name, and file within the directory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a normal form in database design?

    <p>4NF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of normalization in database design?

    <p>To minimize data redundancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about denormalization is true?

    <p>Denormalization improves performance and reduces data redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key objective of the normalization process?

    <p>To identify the dependencies of a relation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of normalization, what does it mean for an attribute to be fully functionally dependent on another attribute?

    <p>The attribute is not dependent on any other attribute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the normalization process?

    <p>The process determines if the structure can be improved through normalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Consider a table called 'Students' with attributes 'StudentID,' 'StudentName,' 'StudentMajor,' and 'StudentAdvisor.' Which attribute is functionally dependent on 'StudentID'?

    <p>StudentAdvisor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attribute represents the number of hours an employee worked on a specific project?

    <p>HOURS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the CHG_HOUR attribute represent?

    <p>The amount charged per hour for a job classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is knowing the PROJ_NUM and EMP_NUM values important?

    <p>To find the job classification of an employee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the dataset structure indicate about the occurrence of employees in each project?

    <p>Each project includes only a single occurrence of any one employee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about entity names in data modeling?

    <p>Entity names should be unique within the model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should attribute names in data modeling be descriptive of?

    <p>The characteristic being represented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should relationship names in data modeling be?

    <p>Active or passive verbs that indicate the nature of the relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which normal form requires that a table be in 1NF and have no partial dependencies?

    <p>Second normal form (2NF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the normalization process in database design?

    <p>To eliminate data redundancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a transitive dependency in the context of functional dependence?

    <p>An attribute B that is indirectly dependent on attribute A through another attribute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the determinant attribute in functional dependence?

    <p>An attribute A that determines attribute B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of partial dependency?

    <p>StudentMajor and StudentAdvisor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between partial dependency and transitive dependency?

    <p>Partial dependency occurs when an attribute depends on only part of the primary key, while transitive dependency occurs when an attribute depends on another attribute that is not part of the primary key.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of transitive dependency?

    <p>MajorName and Department</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between partial dependency and full functional dependency?

    <p>Partial dependency occurs when an attribute depends on only part of the primary key, while full functional dependency occurs when an attribute depends on the entire primary key.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the tabular format in First Normal Form (1NF)?

    <p>All key attributes are defined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the conversion to Second Normal Form (2NF) occur?

    <p>When the 1NF has a composite primary key</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of creating separate tables in the conversion to Second Normal Form (2NF)?

    <p>To eliminate partial dependencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a separate 'Publishers' table created in the conversion to Third Normal Form (3NF)?

    <p>To eliminate transitive dependencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Process Execution and System Calls

    • Processes execute in user mode until interrupted by a system call, which switches to kernel mode.
    • After a system call execution, control returns to user mode.
    • Parameters for system calls are typically passed through registers or the stack.
    • Types of system calls include file manipulation, process control, interprocess communication, and error handling.

    Types of System Calls

    • File manipulation calls handle creating, reading, and writing files.
    • Interprocess communication (IPC) calls are used for communication between processes.
    • The exit system call terminates program execution.
    • System programs provide environments that facilitate program development and execution.

    File Management

    • File management refers to the handling and organization of data stored on devices.

    Loaders and Services

    • Various loaders are employed for loading programs into execution space.
    • Background services provide ongoing functionalities to assist other applications.

    Application Programs and Design Principles

    • Application programs perform specific tasks for users, built on top of system capabilities.
    • The policy-mechanism separation principle allows future flexibility in operating system policy changes.

    Operating System Structures

    • Layered structure divides responsibilities across layers, with higher layers built on lower ones.
    • Microkernel architecture removes non-essential components from the kernel, operating as separate programs.
    • Modular structure allows loadable kernel modules, facilitating efficient resource management.
    • Hybrid structures combine features of both monolithic and microkernel design for performance and security.

    System Calls and APIs

    • System calls are typically written in C or assembly language.
    • They offer an interface for programs to request services from the operating system.
    • The Application Programming Interface (API) serves as a bridge between applications and system calls.

    Inter-Process Communication (IPC)

    • IPC allows processes to communicate and synchronize their actions.
    • Two IPC models are message passing and shared memory.

    Internet Overview

    • ARPANET initiated the Internet in 1969, primarily designed for military and educational communication.
    • The World Wide Web serves as a key component of Internet functionality, with high-speed connections like broadband gaining prominence.

    Networking and Connection Types

    • Bandwidth measures the data transfer capacity of an Internet connection.
    • Narrowband modems (dial-up) offer low-speed connections, typically around 56 Kbps.
    • Unidirectional links transmit signals in one direction only.

    Security and Risks

    • Email attachments pose risks like viruses and malware if not handled properly.
    • Precautions should include ensuring the attachment is from a trusted source before opening.

    URLs and Search Engines

    • A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) specifies the address of online resources.
    • Search engines facilitate information discovery on the Internet, with specialized engines targeting specific content areas.

    Email Services

    • Web-based email allows access from any browser, providing convenience.
    • An email program handles sending and receiving emails, requiring software to manage attachment formats.

    Internet Protocols and Standards

    • TCP/IP protocols underlie Internet communication, with IP addresses formatted as four decimal numbers separated by periods.
    • The Internet standards are governed by organizations like the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
    • Point of Presence (POP) connects users to the Internet, often through local ISPs.

    Types of Search Engines

    • Meta-search engines aggregate results from multiple search engines.
    • Specialized search engines focus on niche subjects, enhancing the search experience.

    Other Important Concepts

    • Temporary IP addresses change with each connection, enhancing privacy.
    • Risks associated with email attachments necessitate protective measures against potential threats.

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    Related Documents

    Chapter 2 Operating System Structure (1).ppt
    Chapter 3 Processes.pptx
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    Database Systems Normalization PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of system calls with this quiz! Learn about the exec(), kill(), and exit() system calls, and understand their functions and how they are used in operating systems.

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