(2) ECT200_Ch02.pptx

The Internet & the World Wide Web: Exploring Cyberspace 2 Chapter © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, o...

The Internet & the World Wide Web: Exploring Cyberspace 2 Chapter © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Chapter 2 Topics Using Information Technology, 11e UNIT 2A: The Internet & the Web UNIT 2A: The Internet & the Web 2.1 Connecting to the Internet: Narrowband, Broadband, & Access Providers 2.1 Connecting to the Internet: Narrowband, Broadband, & Access Providers 2.2 How Does the Internet Work? 2.2 How Does the Internet Work? 2.3 The World Wide Web 2.3 The World Wide Web UNIT 2B: The Riches & Risks of Internet Use UNIT 2B: The Riches & Risks of Internet Use 2.4 Email & Other Ways of Communicating over the Net 2.4 Email & Other Ways of Communicating over the Net 2.5 The Online Gold Mine: Telephony, Multimedia, Webcasting, Blogs, E-Commerce, 2.5 The Online Gold Mine: Telephony, Multimedia, Webcasting, Blogs, E-Commerce, & Social Networking & Social Networking 2.6 The Intrusive Internet: Snooping, Spamming, Spoofing, Phishing, Pharming, Cookies, 2.6 The Intrusive Internet: Snooping, Spamming, Spoofing, Phishing, Pharming, Cookies, & Spyware & Spyware 2 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e UNIT 2A: The Internet & the Web • The Internet began in 1969 as ARPANET . • The Internet was text-only. In the early 1990s, multimedia became available on the Internet, and the World Wide Web (web) was born. This is the first image uploaded to the web, in 1992. 3 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e • To connect to the Internet, you need 1. An access device (computer with modem) 2. A means of connection (phone line, cable hookup, or wireless) 3. An Internet access provider © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e 2.1 Connecting to the Internet Narrowband, Broadband, & Access Providers 5 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e However you connect to the Internet, the bandwidth will determine the speed of your connection. • Bandwidth: Expresses how much data can be sent through a communications channel in a given amount of time. • Baseband: Slow type of connection that allows only one signal to be transmitted at a time. • Broadband: High-speed connections. 6 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e • Physical connection to Internet—wired or wireless? • Telephone [dial-up] modem • High-speed phone line—DSL, T1/T3 • Cable modem • Wireless—satellite and other through-the-air links 7 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e • Data Transmission Speeds • • • • • Originally measured in bits per second (bps) 8 bits are needed to send one character, such as A or a Kbps connections send 1 thousand bits per second Mbps connections send 1 million bits per second Gbps connections send 1 billion bits per second •Uploading & Downloading • Upload—transmit data from local to remote computer • Download—transmit data from remote to local computer 8 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e • Narrowband (Dial-Up Modem): Low speed but inexpensive • Telephone line = narrowband, or low bandwidth, low speed • Dial-up connection—use of telephone modem to connect to Internet (used mostly in rural areas on POTS, or plain old telephone system) • Telephone Modems • Can be either internal or external • Maximum speed of 56 Kbps • Most ISPs offer local access numbers 9 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e Telephone (Dial-Up) Modem Panel Panel 2.3 2.3 Page Page 55 55 10 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e High-Speed Phone Lines • More expensive but available in cities & most towns • DSL line • • • • Uses regular phone lines, DSL modem Receives data at 7 ̶ 105Mbps; sends at about 384 Kbps – 1 Mbps Is always on Need to live no farther than 4.5 miles from phone company switching office • Not always available in rural areas • T1 line—very expensive • Traditional trunk line, fiber optic or copper; carries 24 normal telephone circuits • Transmission rate of 1.5 ̶ 6 Mbps • Generally used by large organizations 11 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. High-Speed Phone Lines Using Information Technology, 11e • Cable modem • TV cable system with Internet connection; company usually supplies cable modem • Is always on • Receives data at up to 100 Mbps; sends at about 2-8 Mbps 12 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e Basic DSL/ Cable-PC system Panel Panel 2.4 2.4 Page Page 57 57 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Satellite Wireless Connections Using Information Technology, 11e •Transmits data between satellite dish and satellite orbiting earth •Connection is always on •Requires Internet access provider with 2-way satellite transmission •User needs to buy or lease satellite dish and modem and have them connected 14 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e Other Wireless: Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G, & 5G • Wi-Fi—stands for “wireless fidelity” • Name for a set of wireless standards (802.11) set by IEEE • Transmits data wirelessly up to 54 Mbps for 300 – 500 feet from access point (hotspot) • Typically used with laptops and tablets that have Wi-Fi hardware • 3G = “third generation”; uses existing cellphone system; handles voice, email, multimedia • 4G = “fourth generation”; faster than 3G; built specifically for Internet traffic • Both 3G and 4G used mostly in smartphones • 5G = “fifth generation”; faster than 4G; 15 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Internet Access Providers (ISPs) Using Information Technology, 11e • ISP: Local, regional, or national organization that provides access to the Internet for a fee — e.g., Comcast, Charter, AT&T. • Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP) — e.g., AT&T, T-Mobile, Verizon Wireless, Sprint, Credo • Enables wireless-equipped laptop/tablet and smartphone users to access Internet 16 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e 2.2 How Does the Internet Work? 17 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e • The Internet is basically a huge network that connects hundreds of thousands of smaller networks. • Central to this arrangement are client/server networks • Client: computer requesting data or services • Server or host computer: central computer supplying data or services requested of it Client 18 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e Internet Connections: POP & IXPs • Point of Presence (POP) • A collection of modems and other equipment in a local area • A local gateway (access) to an ISP’s network • ISP connects to an IXP • Internet Exchange Point (IXP) • A routing computer at a point on the Internet where several connections come together • IXPs are run by private companies • Allow different ISPs to exchange Internet traffic (continued) 19 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Internet Connections: Backbone, & Internet2 Using Information Technology, 11e • Internet Backbone • High-speed, high-capacity data transmission lines, usually fiber optic • Uses the newest technology • Providers include AT&T, Sprint, Verizon, CenturyLink, and Deutsche Telekom 20 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e How the Internet works Panel Panel 2.5 2.5 Page Page 59 59 21 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Internet Communications: Protocols, Packets, & IP Addresses Using Information Technology, 11e • Handshaking & Authentication: Connecting to your ISP’s point of presence (POP) • Handshaking—fastest transmission speed established • Authentication—correct password & user name • Protocols • The set of rules a computer follows to electronically transmit data. • TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the Internet protocol • Developed in 1978 by ARPA; used for all Internet transactions • Packets • Fixed-length blocks of data for transmission, determined by TCP/IP • Data transmissions are broken up into packets and re-assembled at destination (the IP—Internet Protocol— address) 22 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e IP (Internet Protocol) Addresses • Every device connected to the Internet has an address • Each IP address uniquely identifies that device • The address is four sets of numbers separated by periods (e.g., 1.160.10.240) • Each number is between 0 and 255 • Dynamic IP addresses change with every use; individual computer users are assigned static IP addresses when they log on • Static IP addresses don’t change (established organizations – including ISPs – and companies have static IP addresses, which they pay for) 23 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e Who Runs the Internet? • Basically, no one owns the Internet • The board of trustees of the Internet Society (ISOC) oversees the standards • Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) regulates domain names (such as .com, edu., .net) that overlie IP addresses; ICANN does not control content 24 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e 2.3 The World Wide Web 25 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e The Face of the Web: Browsers, Websites, & Web Pages The World Wide Web brought multimedia to the Internet. • The web and the Internet are not the same; the web is multimedia-based, and the Internet is not. The Internet is the infrastructure that supports the web. • A browser is software that gets you to websites and their individual web pages and displays the content in such a way that the content appears mostly the same regardless of the computer, operating system, and display monitor. Examples = Internet Explorer Mozilla FireFox Apple Macintosh’s Safari Google’s Chrome Microsoft’s Bing 26 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e • Website • The location on a particular computer (server) that has a unique address; example = www.barnesandnoble.com, www.mcgraw-hill.com • The website (server) could be anywhere — not necessarily at company headquarters • Web Page • A document on the web that can include text, pictures, sound, and video • The first page on a website is the Home page • The Home page contains links to other pages on the website (and often other websites) 27 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. How the Browser Finds Thing: URLs Using Information Technology, 11e • Uniform Resource Locator (URL): address for a web page • A character string that points to a specific piece of information anywhere on the web • A website’s unique address • It consists of • • • • The The The The web protocol, http:// domain name of the web server directory name or folder on that server file within the directory, including optional extension 28 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. The Nuts & Bolts of the Web: HTML & Hyperlinks Using Information Technology, 11e • TCP/IP— As explained (p. 60), general Internet Protocol • HTTP—Protocol Used to Access World Wide Web • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) • The “markup” language used in writing and publishing web hypertext link • pages • Set of instructions used to specify document structure, formatting, and links to other documents on the web Tim Berners-Lee saw the possibility of using hyperlinks to linkconnect any information any other Hypertext links onetoweb document information over the Internet. to another 29 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Search Services & Search Engines • Organizations that maintain databases accessible through Using Information Technology, 11e websites to help you find information on the internet • Examples: portals like Yahoo! and Bing, plus Google, Ask.com, Gigablast • Search services maintain search engines—programs that users can use to ask questions or use keywords to find information • Databases of search engines are compiled using software programs called spiders (crawler, bots, agents) • Spiders crawl through the World Wide Web • Follow links from one page to another • Index the words on that site • A search never covers the entire web • Search engines differ in what they cover 30 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Four Web Search Tools Using Information Technology, 11e 1. Individual Search Engines • Compile their own searchable databases on the web • You search by typing keywords and receiving “hits” • Examples are Ask, Bing, Google, and Yahoo! 2. Subject Directories • Created and maintained by human editors, not electronic spiders • Allow you to search for information by selecting lists of categories or topics • Example sites are Beaucoup!, LookSmart, Open Directory Project, and Yahoo! Directory (continued) 31 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e 3. Metasearch Engines  Allows you to search several search engines simultaneously  Examples are Yippy!, Dogpile, Mamma, MetaCrawler, and Webcrawler 4. Specialized Search Engines  Help locate specialized subject matter, such as info on movies, health, jobs  Examples are Career.com. WebMD, Expedia, U.S. Census Bureau 32 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Smart Searching: Three General Strategies Using Information Technology, 11e • If you’re just browsing . . . • Try a subject directory • Next try a metasearch engine • If you’re looking for specific information . . . • Try a Answers.com “one-click” search • Or go to a general search engine, then a specialized one • If you’re looking for everything on a subject . . . • Try the same search on several search engines 33 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e 2.4 Email, Instant Messaging, & Other Ways of Communicating over the Net 34 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Email Using Information Technology, 11e • Outgoing mail: sent from your computer to a Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server run by your ISP • Incoming mail: Email sent to your computer: uses Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3) 35 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e Difference between SMTP and POP3 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e Page Page 77 77 37 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e • Two ways to send & receive email: 1. Email Program • Enables you to send email by running email software on your computer that interacts with an email server at your Internet access provider • Incoming mail is stored on the server in an electronic mailbox • Upon access (your ID and password), mail is sent to your software’s inbox • Examples: Microsoft Outlook, Apple Mail 2. Web-Based Email • You send and receive messages by interacting via a browser with a website • Advantage: You can easily send and receive messages while traveling, using any computer or equipped mobile device • Examples: Yahoo! Mail and Gmail (Google) • Disadvantages are ads and email hacking 38 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e • Using email Get an email address from your ISP, following this format: 39 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e • Email Attachments • A copy of a file or document that you send attached to an email to one or more people • Recipients must have compatible software to open the attachment; for example, if they don’t have Excel, they probably can’t read the spreadsheet you sent them. • Be careful about opening attachments: • Many viruses hide in them; scan them with antivirus software • Know who has sent the attachment before you open it 40 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Instant Messaging Using Information Technology, 11e • Instant messaging enables you to communicate • • • • by email with specified other users (“buddies”) in real time. Any user on a given email system can send a message and have it pop up instantly on the screen of anyone logged into that system. To get IM: Download IM software from a supplier Examples: AOL/AIM, Google Chat, Windows Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger Done on computers; is not the same as texting. 41 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Using Information Technology, 11e • Software standard for transferring large files • • • • between computers, including those with different operating systems You can also transfer files from an FTP site on the Internet to your PC FTP sites offer many free files FTP sites may be either public or proprietary You can download using your web browser or FTP client programs, such as Fetch, Cute, FileZilla, and SmartFTP 42 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e 2.5 The Online Gold Mine Telephony, Multimedia, Webcasting, Blogs, E-Commerce, & Social Networking © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Telephony: The Internet Telephone Using Information Technology, 11e • Uses the Internet to make phone calls via VoIP • • • • (Voice over Internet Protocol) Long-distance calls are either very inexpensive or free With no PC, dial a special phone number to packetize your call for a standard telephone Use with a PC that has a sound card, microphone, Internet connection with modem & ISP, and internet telephone software such as Skype and Vonage Also allows videoconferencing 44 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e Multimedia on the Web • Allows you to get images, sound, video, and animation • May require a plug-in, player, or viewer • A downloadable program that adds a specific feature to a browser so it can view certain files • Examples: Flash, RealPlayer, QuickTime • Multimedia Applets • Small programs that can be quickly downloaded and run by most browsers • Java is the most common Applet language • Text & Images: great variety available • Example: Google Earth (continued) 45 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. The Web Automatically Comes to You Using Information Technology, 11e • Push technology: Software that automatically downloads information to personal computers. • Webcasting: Sending users customized text, video, audio on regular basis. • RSS newsreaders (RSS aggregators): Programs that scour the web, sometimes hourly, sometimes more frequently, and pull together in one place “feeds” from several websites. RSS is based on XML, or extensible markup language, a web-document tagging and formatting language that is an advance over HTML and that two computers can use to exchange information. 46 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e • XML and RSS have led to blogs and blogosphere. • Blogs (weblogs) are frequently updated sites on the web intended for public consumption that contain a writer’s observations, opinions, images, and links to other websites. • Podcasting: Internet radio or similar Internet audio program delivered via RSS feed to a subscriber to be played back on computer or digital audio device. 47 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. E-Commerce: B2B, B2C, & C2C Using Information Technology, 11e • E-Commerce (electronic commerce): conducting business activities online • E-commerce has led to showrooming, the phenomenon in which shoppers browse for products in stores, only to buy them from an online rival, frequently at a lower price. • B2B is business-to-business e-commerce. • Business-to-consumer commerce, or B2C, is the electronic sale or exchange of goods and services from the companies directly to the public, or end users (e.g., online banking, online shopping, online stock trading). • Consumer-to-consumer commerce, or C2C, is the electronic sale or exchange of goods and services between individuals (e.g., auctions). Discussion Question: Have you every sold anything on eBay? Used PayPal? Did you have any problems? What would you 48 warn people about? © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Web 2.0: The Social Web Using Information Technology, 11e • Web 2.0 refers to the web viewed as a medium in which interactive experience, in the form of blogs, wikis, forums, social networking, and so on, plays a more important role than simply accessing information. • The move toward a more social, collaborative, interactive, and responsive web; has led to the “social web,” giving rise to: • Social networking sites: Online communities that allow members to keep track of friends and share photos, videos, music, stories, and ideas (e.g., Facebook, LinkedIn). • Media-sharing sites: Online social networks in which members share media such as photos, videos, music, ideas (e.g., YouTube, Flicker, Shutterfly). • Social-network aggregators: Collect content from all of a user’s various social network profiles into one place, then allow him or her to track friends and share other social network activities (e.g., Mugshot, Readr). 49 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Web 3.0: Computer-Generated Information Using Information Technology, 11e • In Web 3.0, information will be computer-generated with less human interaction required to discover and integrate that information. • Two ideas might form the basis for Web 3.0— semantic markup and a personal browser. • Semantic markup: Data interchange formats that will allow machines to understand the meaning—or “semantics”—of information on the web. • The Web 3.0 browser will probably act as a personal assistant because every user will have a unique Internet profile based on his or her browsing history. The more you use the Web, the more your browser learns about you and the less specific you'll need to be with your questions. 50 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e 2.6 The Intrusive Internet Snooping, Spamming, Spoofing, Phishing, Pharming, Cookies, Spyware, & Malware © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e • Snooping • Email is not private • Corporate management has the right to view employees’ email. • Friends can send email anywhere. • Not all ISPs protect their customers’ privacy. • Deleted emails can be retrieved from a hard disk. 53 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e • Spam: Electronic Junk Mail • • • • Unsolicited email that takes up your time. Delete it without opening the message. Never reply to a spam message. Do not click on “unsubscribe” at the bottom of an email. • When you sign up for something, don’t give your email address. • Use spam filters. • Fight back by reporting new spammers to www.abuse.net or www.spamhaus.org. 54 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e • Spoofing • Using fake email sender names so the message appears to be from a different source, so you will trust it. • If you don’t know the sender, don’t open it. • Phishing • Sending forged email directing recipient to fake website. • Purpose: to entice people to share personal or financial data. • Fake website looks like real website, such as a bank’s. • Pharming • Implanting malicious software on a victim’s computer that redirects the user to an impostor web page even when the individual types the correct address into his or her browser. • Use websites with URLs that begin with “https:// • Some spyware removal programs can correct the corruption. 55 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Phishing Examples Using Information Technology, 11e Phishing examples "YOUR NET ID ACCOUNT" Phishing Scam (3/31/2013) https://wiki.library.ucsb.edu/display/SYSPUB/ Latest+Phishing+Attempts 56 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Cookies Using Information Technology, 11e • Little text files left on your hard disk by some • • • • • websites you visit. Can include your log-in name, password, browser preferences, and credit card information. Every time you load a particular website, the browser sends the cookie back to the server to notify the website of your previous activity. Can make visiting these websites next time more convenient and faster. But cookies can be used to gather information about you and your browsing habits and history; this information can be used without your consent. A first-party cookie is a cookie from a website that you have visited. Thirdparty cookies are placed by trusted partners of the websites you visit. (Third-party cookies are frequently placed by ad networks.) 57 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Spyware : Adware, Browser & Search Hijackers, & Key Loggers Using Information Technology, 11e • Spyware is software surreptitiously installed on your computer via the web. • Spyware hides on your PC/device and captures information about what is on the it, such as keystrokes and passwords 58 © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e • Adware, or pop-up generator, is a kind of spyware that tracks web surfing or online buying so that marketers can send you targeted and unsolicited pop-up and other ads. • Browser hijackers change settings in your browser without your knowledge, often changing your browser’s home page and replacing it with another web page. © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Using Information Technology, 11e • Search hijackers intercept your legitimate search requests made to real search engines and return results from phony search services designed to send you to sites they run. • Key loggers, or keystroke loggers, can record each character you type and transmit that information to someone else on the Internet, making it possible for strangers to learn your passwords and other information. © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Malware Using Information Technology, 11e • There are many forms of malicious software—so-called malware—that can harm a computer system, a common danger being viruses. • A virus is a rogue program that migrates through the Internet or via operating systems and attaches itself to different programs that spread from one computer to another, leaving infections. • The principal defense is to install antivirus software, which scans a computer to detect viruses and, sometimes, to destroy them. © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. How to Reduce Malware Risks Using Information Technology, 11e • Install a virus protection software, such as McAfee VirusScan ( www.mcafee.com ) or Norton AntiVirus ( www.symantec.com/nav ). (Don’t use antivirus software from companies you know nothing about.) • Scan your entire system with antivirus software the first time it’s installed; then scan it regularly after that. Also scan any new CDs and drives before using them. • Don’t open, download, or execute any files, email messages, or email attachments if the source is unknown or if the subject line of an email is questionable or unexpected. • Delete spam and email messages from strangers. Don’t open, forward, or reply to such messages. • Use webmail sparingly, since viruses can hide in the HTML coding of the email. Even the simple act of previewing the message in your email program can activate the virus and infect your computer. • Don’t start your computer with a flash drive, USB thumb drive, or CD/DVD in place. • Back up your data files regularly, and keep at least one backup device in a location separate from your computer or use an online (cloud) backup service. • If you discover you have a virus, ask McAfee or Norton to scan your computer online; © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Passwords Using Information Technology, 11e • Never choose a real word or variations of your or your family’s name, address, phone number, Social Security number, license plate, or birth date. • Don’t use passwords that can be easily guessed, such as “12345” or “password.” • Avoid any word that appears in a dictionary. Instead, mix letters, numbers, and punctuation marks in an oddball sequence of no fewer than eight characters, such as 2b/orNOT2b% and Alfred!E!Newman7. Or choose a password that is memorable but shift the position of your fingers on the keyboard, so that, for instance, TIMBERWOLVES becomes YO,NRTEP;BRD when you move your fingers one position right. For sensitive sites, such as financial accounts, create long passwords, such as 15-character passwords. • Don’t use the same password for multiple sites, so that if someone obtains the password to one account, that person won’t have access to your entire online life. • Don’t write passwords on sticky notes or in a notebook or tape them under your keyboard. Don’t carry the passwords in your wallet. If you have to write down all your passwords, find a safe place to put the paper, or use a software password manager, such as Kaspersky Password Manager, RoboForm Everywhere, or Last Pass Premium. © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.