Operating System Basics and Processes
25 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the difference between a program and a process?

  • A program runs independently of the operating system, whereas a process requires it.
  • A program is an inactive entity, while a process is an active entity. (correct)
  • A program is stored in memory, and a process is stored on disk.
  • A program can be modified during execution, while a process cannot.

    • Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of an operating system?

  • Management of device resources
  • Management of programs in execution
  • File system management
  • Creating hardware specifications (correct)

    • What action does the operating system take first when a program is requested to run?

  • Create a program counter for the program
  • Load the program into the computer's secondary memory
  • Reserve space in the computer’s main memory (correct)
  • Start execution at the first instruction of the program

    • What is typically required to create a new process in an operating system?

    <p>User intervention through a system call (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about processes is true?

    <p>Multiple processes can exist simultaneously for the same program. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main issue that occurs when a program overshoots its allocated buffer size?

    <p>Data is overwritten in adjacent memory space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which programming issue is highlighted by the example of the message size exceeding the buffer?

    <p>Lack of automatic bounds checking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a serious consequence of a buffer overflow in a program?

    <p>Malfunction or crash of the program (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a hacker exploit a buffer overflow vulnerability in a messaging app like WhatsApp?

    <p>By creating a specially crafted message (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way operating systems manage limited main memory resources?

    <p>By using demand loading of program segments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a program receives a message that exceeds its buffer limit without proper checking?

    <p>The program executes instructions from the message (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might human programmers forget to check buffer lengths?

    <p>Certain programming languages lack automatic checks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a program allocates memory but fails to release it over time?

    <p>The system may run out of available memory. (B), Memory allocation will no longer be possible. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which segment contains the instructions of a program?

    <p>Text segment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of buffer overflow?

    <p>Potential security vulnerabilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Process Identifier (PID)?

    <p>To uniquely identify each running process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes dynamic memory allocation?

    <p>Memory can be allocated or released during program execution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason memory leaks occur according to the provided content?

    <p>Human programmers forget to release allocated memory. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a multi-core system, how does process scheduling help manage active processes?

    <p>By determining which process to run next on available cores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two areas where allocated memory during execution can be hosted?

    <p>Heap and stack (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between voluntary and involuntary process termination?

    <p>Voluntary termination is initiated by the process itself (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the operating system do with the memory when a computer starts up?

    <p>It reserves memory for its operations and manages the remainder for processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a program allocates memory but fails to release it after use, what is the likely outcome?

    <p>The overall system performance may degrade over time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the execution of a program, how is memory size for dynamic allocation typically determined?

    <p>It is determined by user input or file sizes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a tree structure in the context of process creation?

    <p>A hierarchy of processes where each parent can have multiple children (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Operating System Basics

    • OS acts as intermediary between hardware and application programs, making computers user-friendly
    • OS manages program execution, manages RAM, file systems, device interaction, and networking

    Program vs. Process

    • Programs are static lists of instructions stored on disk
    • Processes are dynamic, active instances of a program
    • Program execution involves loading into memory, reserving space, instructions for execution, and a program counter.

    Process Creation

    • OS creates new processes when a program is to be run
    • Processes are identified by unique IDs (PIDs)
    • Processes can create new processes (child processes) creating a tree-like structure

    Process Scheduling

    • CPUs can execute one program or process at a time
    • Contemporary CPUs have multiple cores, allowing multiple processes to run simultaneously
    • Process scheduling determines which process to run and on which core.

    Process Termination

    • Voluntary termination: through user action
    • Involuntary termination: when processes malfunction, computations are no longer needed, or problems in processes

    Memory Management

    • RAM is essential for a computer's operational memory
    • Operating system determines available RAM, reserves OS space, and allocates the rest to processes
    • Dynamic memory allocation occurs during program execution, freeing allocated areas when not needed
    • Memory leaks due to failure to release allocated memory after use
    • Buffer overflows occur when writing data exceeds buffer capacity

    Swapping

    • Swapping: moving inactive processes' memory to secondary storage—hard drive—to free memory for others
    • Swapping occurs when memory is full to continue managing and process programs
    • Smartphones typically don't use swapping

    File Management

    • Processes interact with files on storage devices
    • OS maintains a table to track open files and locations within file
    • Table tracks files being read and written by process

    Device Management

    • OS provides a general way for processes to work with diverse devices
    • OS manages communication with new hardware by registration of device drivers
    • Maintains order of accessing devices through interaction between software and hardware

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Basics of Computer Systems Lecture 4 PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of operating systems, including the difference between programs and processes, process creation, scheduling, and termination. This quiz covers how an OS facilitates user interaction with hardware and manages program execution effectively.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser