Syntax and Sentence Structure Quiz

False (B)

superordinate clause

<p>clauses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subordinate Clause = A clause that depends on another clause Main Clause = A clause that can stand alone as a sentence Coordination = A symmetrical relationship between clauses Embedding = Incorporating a clause within another clause</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unbounded length of sentences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>embedding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The category of the phrase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>maximal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X0 = The head of the phrase X' = The first projection of the head XP = The maximal projection of the head Zero level projections = Heads that are unprojected elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>XP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They must have heads of the appropriate kind. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocentric phrases derive properties from an element they contain, while exocentric phrases do not have an element that functions like the whole phrase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>adverb</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocentric = Can function independently as a whole phrase Exocentric = Does not have a functional element as the whole phrase PP = Phrase headed by a preposition AP = Phrase headed by an adverb</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adverb phrase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fond</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>post-Head string</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>happy to see you (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>premodifier*, HEAD, postmodifier*</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The noun phrase that expresses the recipient or undergoer of the action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Noam Chomsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transitive Verb = A verb that requires a direct object Direct Object = Noun phrase affected by the action of a verb Subject = The noun phrase that performs the action Universal Grammar = Theory that suggests innate language principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The structural position determines their choice. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To explain how quickly and easily children learn languages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ship sank. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Θ-role</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>book</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ask = Can take a direct DP complement. Wonder = Can only take a question as a complement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semantic restrictions from the predicate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Question</p> Signup and view all the answers

A group of words that functions as a single unit, often modifying a noun or verb.

A phrase that modifies an adjective. It usually comes before the adjective and enhances its meaning.

The main word in an adjective phrase, the adjective itself.

Words that come before the head adjective in an adjective phrase.

Words or phrases that come after the head adjective in an adjective phrase.

A phrase that modifies a verb, adverb, or adjective.

The main word in an adverb phrase, the adverb itself.

Words or phrases that come before the head adverb in an adverb phrase.

A sentence structure where one clause is included within another, creating a hierarchical relationship.

A clause that contains another clause within it.

A clause that is included within another clause.

The process of placing one clause inside another, creating layers of meaning within a sentence.

A sentence structure where two or more clauses are of equal importance and connected by conjunctions like 'and' or 'but'.

The grammatical role a clause plays within a sentence or another clause.

The idea that a language has no limit on the number of sentences that can be created.

The way we understand and create new sentences we’ve never heard before by using our knowledge of grammar.

The noun phrase that represents the entity performing the action, often positioned before the verb in a sentence.

The noun phrase that receives the action of the verb, typically positioned after the verb in a sentence.

The choice of the subject in a sentence is primarily determined by its structural position, rather than solely based on meaning, especially when the verb doesn't represent a typical action.

The study of Universal Grammar aims to discover the innate linguistic principles and constraints common to all human languages, regardless of their specific variations.

Universal Grammar is a theory that suggests that all human languages share a fundamental underlying structure based on innate principles, accounting for the ease and speed with which children acquire language.

Universal Grammar offers a potential explanation for the ease and speed with which children learn languages, suggesting an innate capacity for language acquisition.

A set of linguistic principles and constraints that are hypothesized to be innate to human beings, serving as a foundation for the structure of all natural languages.

The argument undergoing the process described by the verb. In the example of "The children fall over", the bubbles are undergoing the process of falling.

The part of a phrase that occupies the specifier position. It determines the category and meaning of the entire phrase.

The rule of projection states that a head word's category "projects" to the entire phrase, making the phrase the same category as the head.

A phrase's level of projection. X0 (head) is the original level, X' is the first projection, and XP is the fully projected phrase.

The top level of projection of a phrase. The full phrase, the final product of the projection process.

The idea that a phrase's category is always determined by its head. The head cannot change the phrase's category.

The main word in an Adjective Phrase; an adjective itself.

The main word in an Adverb Phrase; an adverb itself.

A phrase that functions adverbially, but is headed by a preposition; modifies a verb.

The category of a phrase is determined by its head, not its function.

A traditional linguistic distinction where phrases are categorized as either endocentric or exocentric based on the presence or absence of a head.

A type of phrase where the head can function independently as the phrase itself. Example: 'three blind mice' (noun phrase)

The main argument (usually a noun phrase) that appears before the verb in a sentence.

Verbs that have a noun phrase as their subject, indicating the entity that performs the action.

A grammatical structure where an element is positioned within another element, creating a nested structure.

The part of the sentence containing the verb and its complements (objects or prepositional phrases).

Elements that are directly governed by a head and have a specific grammatical relationship with it.

The thematic role assigned to an argument by the verb, indicating its function in the event.

The restriction placed on an argument based on its meaning, requiring it to be compatible with the thematic role assigned by the verb.

Words or phrases that provide additional information about a noun phrase, often specifying its attributes or location.