Podcast
Questions and Answers
A sentence can have multiple clauses, but only one phrase.
A sentence can have multiple clauses, but only one phrase.
False
The largest grammatical unit is a morpheme.
The largest grammatical unit is a morpheme.
False
A simple sentence always has only one clause.
A simple sentence always has only one clause.
True
A complex sentence always has a relative clause.
A complex sentence always has a relative clause.
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A coordinate clause is a type of dependent clause.
A coordinate clause is a type of dependent clause.
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A subordinator introduces a coordinate clause.
A subordinator introduces a coordinate clause.
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A sentence can have multiple subjects.
A sentence can have multiple subjects.
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The subject of a sentence is always a noun phrase.
The subject of a sentence is always a noun phrase.
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A direct object can exist on its own without an indirect object.
A direct object can exist on its own without an indirect object.
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A subjective complement is a type of object.
A subjective complement is a type of object.
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Study Notes
Syntax
- Determines the relevant parts of a sentence and describes them grammatically
- Concerned with the structure of a sentence
Grammatical Units
- Constituents combine to form larger units, from bottom to top
- Hierarchy: sentence → clauses → phrases → words → morphemes
Sentence
- Largest unit, starts with a capital letter and ends with a period
- Organized structure with specific rules
- Consists of phrases
- May vary in length and complexity
- May be a single word
- Called sentence grammar or syntax
- Two main constituents: subject (nph) and predicate (vph)
- Basic formula: subject + predicate + object
Types of Sentences
- Simple: answers yes-no and wh questions, one clause
- Compound: string of coordinated clauses, each clause has equal importance
- Complex: contains embedded clauses, one clause is more important than the other
- Complex compound: mixed types of sentences with coordination and subordination
Coordinate and Subordinate Clauses
- Coordinate: clauses introduced by coordinators, same importance, can't be fronted
- Subordinate: clauses introduced by subordinators, depend on another clause, can be fronted
Analysis Grid of a Sentence
- Sentence: number
- Clause: number
- Coordinator: (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
- Sub coordinator: (when, before, because, if, since, although, that, provide, so far)
- Acc structure: (simple, compound, complex, complex-compound)
- Acc function: (declarative, interrogative, exclamative, imperative)
Subject
- Used to mention something, what the sentence is about
- Not always a noun phrase, not always at the beginning
- Test for subject: yes-no question, introducing a form of the verb "do" in the sentence
Empletive Subject
- Empty subject, sentence doesn't mention anything, only a predicate
Predicate
- Says something about the subject, what is being said
- Part could be at the beginning
Objects and Complements
- Direct object: what you give, may exist on its own
- Indirect object: can't exist on its own, only with direct object
- Subjective complement: describes or is identified with the subject of the sentence
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of syntax, including grammatical units, constituents, and how they combine to form sentences. Learn about the structure of sentences, from morphemes to clauses.
