30 Questions
What type of compounds are odorants?
Volatile compounds
Which animal has the olfactory system that has been most carefully studied?
Dogs
What type of receptors are odorant receptors?
G-protein coupled receptors
Where do olfactory neurons send signals to in the brain?
Frontal cortex and other parts associated with motivation, emotions, and memory
What happens when odorant binds to an olfactory receptor cell?
Depolarization of the cell and increased chances of an action potential
What is the function of the accessory olfactory system?
Second chemoreceptor system for animals
Which cranial nerves are responsible for carrying information about taste?
VII, IX, and X
What type of sodium flow activates type 1 taste receptors?
Sodium ions flowing through an ion channel
Where are taste receptors grouped together in the oral cavity?
In papillae on the tongue
Which brainstem nucleus do the second order neurons synapse with first order neurons in taste pathways?
Nucleus of the solitary tract
Where do the axons of third order neurons project to in taste pathways?
Gustatory cortex
Are taste pathways typically ipsilateral or contralateral?
Ipsilateral (do not cross midline)
Which cranial nerve is responsible for providing parasympathetic innervation to most of the viscera?
Cranial Nerve IX
What type of fibers are found in cranial nerves responsible for motor input to smooth muscle and glands?
Visceral efferent fibers
Which cranial nerves do not contain somatic efferent fibers?
Cranial Nerve I
Which cranial nerve contains motor nerve fibers that send signals to the muscles of mastication?
Cranial Nerve V
Which subtype of sensory fibers provide sensory information from internal structures?
Visceral afferent fibers
Which group of cranial nerves is responsible for special senses like taste and smell?
Cranial Nerves I, II, and VII
Where are the preganglionic neurons located for the sympathetic innervation of the smooth muscle and glands of the head?
In the intermediolateral horn of the thoracic spinal grey matter
What neurotransmitter do preganglionic neurons release in sympathetic innervation of the head?
Acetylcholine
Which receptors do epinephrine or norepinephrine bind to in postganglionic sympathetic neurons for head innervation?
Alpha or beta-adrenergic receptors
Except for the salivary glands, what neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic sympathetic neurons for head innervation?
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Which fibers convey somatosensory information from the face, skeletal muscle of the head, oral cavity, corneal, and teeth to the somatosensory cortex?
General somatic afferent fibers
Where do second order neurons in the trigeminal sensory nuclei synapse?
Thalamus
Where are the sensory and motor nuclei located in the CNS?
Mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon
Where do neurons carrying somatosensory information from the head synapse?
Trigeminal sensory nuclei
Which cranial nerves have special visceral afferent fibers?
Facial nerve (VII)
What is the primary location of cell bodies of upper motor neurons?
Primary motor cortex
Which ganglia are associated with cranial nerves in the CNS?
Sensory ganglia and autonomic ganglia
What is the function of autonomic ganglia in the CNS?
Sites of synapse between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic pathways
Test your knowledge on the sympathetic innervation of the smooth muscle and glands in the head, including preganglionic and postganglionic neurons, neurotransmitters involved, and the pathway from the spinal cord to target organs.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
