Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Bronchodilators

Which receptor do sympathetic bronchodilators primarily target to induce bronchodilation?

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of parasympathetic bronchodilators?

A patient requires immediate relief from an asthma exacerbation. Which type of bronchodilator would be most appropriate?

Which side effect is most commonly associated with sympathetic bronchodilators due to beta-1 receptor stimulation?

What is a common side effect associated with parasympathetic bronchodilators?

What is the typical duration of action for short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs)?

How do long-acting anticholinergics compare to short-acting anticholinergics in terms of duration?

Which of the following is a long acting beta-agonist (LABA)?

Sympathetic Bronchodilators (Beta-agonists)

Mechanism: Stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors in airway smooth muscle, causing relaxation and bronchodilation.
Types:
- Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs): Quick relief, e.g., albuterol, levalbuterol.
- Long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs): Long-term control and prevention, e.g., salmeterol, formoterol.
Onset and Duration:
- SABAs: Rapid onset (minutes), short duration (4-6 hours).
- LABAs: Slower onset, longer duration (up to 12 hours or more).
Side Effects: Tachycardia, palpitations, tremors, nervousness (due to beta-1 receptor stimulation).

Parasympathetic Bronchodilators (Anticholinergics)

Mechanism: Block acetylcholine's action on muscarinic receptors in airway smooth muscle, preventing bronchoconstriction.
Types:
- Short-acting anticholinergics: Quick relief, e.g., ipratropium.
- Long-acting anticholinergics: Maintenance treatment, e.g., tiotropium, umeclidinium.
Mechanism differences: Sympathetics directly stimulate beta-2 receptors versus parasympathetics blocking acetylcholine binding.
Onset and Duration:
- Short-acting anticholinergics: Moderate onset (6-8 hours), shorter duration.
- Long-acting anticholinergics: Slower onset, longer duration (up to 24 hours).
Side Effects: Dry mouth, throat irritation, urinary retention

Explore the mechanisms, types, and effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic bronchodilators. This quiz covers the differences between short-acting and long-acting agents, including beta-agonists and anticholinergics, along with their clinical applications and side effects.